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LECTURE 3_ORGANIC CHEMISTRY AND HYDROCARBON REVISION

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LECTURE 3_ORGANIC CHEMISTRY AND HYDROCARBONS final

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1. We recapped...
- the different types of formulas
- aldehyde is always CHO (should not be written as COH as that is an alcohol)
- structural formula we need to put OH if alcohol and O where neccessary
- hybridisation (sp³ is for 4 bonds sp² is for 3 bonds)
- sigma and pi bonds
- structural isomerism (positional, functional group, chain)
- stereoisomerism (cis-trans, optical isomerism)
- cis-trans has C=C and the C is attached to 2 different groups
- optical isomers are a mirror image of each other and cannot be superimposed
- reactions of alkanes
- reactions of alkenes
- conditions for electrophilic addition reactions
- mechanism of reactions
- Markovnikov rule
- oxidation of alkenes and the different products formed when the oxidation is carried out with different conditions
- addition polymerisation
- attempted some past year paper questions

2. What I need to revise more...
- memorising part (conditions of reactions and the different products)
- mechanism of reactions

3. Feedback...
I like how the lesson is very compact with information and that certain pointers to remember are given as well. The practice with past year questions is very useful too as it helps us to familiarise with the questions and the expected answers. Overall, the lecture is great and the short quizziz really helps to give a quick recap/summary and test how far we understand the lecture and helps us to know which parts we need to revise more. Thank you Mr. Gopi 😊

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1. We reviewed the different types of formulas, the sigma and pi bond in sp2 and sp3 hybridisation, structural Isomerism (where it mainly involves a position change) which includes position isomerism, chain isomerism and functional group isomerism, the cis-trans and optical isomerism, reactions of alkene and alkane, electrophilic addition and the conditions for it to occur, addition polymerization
2. Everything especially electrophilic addition

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a good review about isomerism, the types of organic formula and hybridastion of bonds along with alkene and alkane reactions

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I learnt all about hybridisation and the different types of isomers, funtional groups and formulas. We also get a review on the reactions of alkanes and alkenes that helped me memorise the conditions needed to react.

Moreover, Mr. Gopi had given us common questions to further provide us a more understandable explanation.

Lastly, he gave us quizziz that summarised the lesson nicely and ended the class on a good note.

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1.
- Empirical formula is simplest ratio
- Molecular formula is exact ratio
- In Displayed formula, you must write every bond
- In Skeletal formula, just draw dots for C and connect them together
- In Structural formula, put the bonds as R groups (CH3)
- Excited state in sigma & pi bond can receive electrons. Normal state cannot receive electrons
- sp2 means there is total 3 orbitals. sp3 has a total of 4 orbitals.
- Sigma bonding is orbitals overlap
- Pi bonding is sideways overlap
- Structural isomerism main parts is Functional group, Position & Chain
- Stereoisomerism is Cis, Trans & Optical
- Alkanes are not very reactive, so they can only react in Combustion & Free radical substitution
- Most common example of free radical is Cl2 in sunlight
- Alkenes can react in Combustion, Electrophilic addition, Oxidation, & Addition Polymerization

2.
- Work on the different types of formulas
- Figure out which reaction to use for Alkanes & Alkenes

3. Phone constantly crashed midway so I'm not too sure, but I think it breaks down the lessons nicely so it's easier to understand the theory of it and therefore make it easier to apply the knowledge in a question.

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Amazing review on the electronic structure and also the formulas for representation of a molecule.

Intro to organic chemistry, focusing on the chemical equations. Very solid review.

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It was a really good review for organic chem. We reviewed the different types of formulas, functional groups, sigma and pi bonds (hybridisation), isomerism and some reactions of organic compounds. The only comment I have would be that the connection should be improved so that we can hear everything clearly.

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Really great review on intro to organic chem. We learnt about sp2 and sp3 hybridization, the different types of isomerism, what alkenes can react to and their conditions.

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1. I was able to refresh my memory on the different formulas (empirical, molecular, structural, displayed and skeletal formula) and functional groups, as well as sigma and pi bond in sp2 and sp3 hybridization. I also learned about the different types of isomers, structural isomersism includes position isomers, functional group isomers and chain isomers, while stereoisomerism includes cis-trans and optical isomerism. Aside from that, I also learned about the various reactions of alkanes and alkenes.
Alkanes
1. Combustion
2. Free radical substitution (condition: UV light)
Alkenes
1. Electrophilic addition
- Alkene + halogen (room temperature)
- Alkene + steam (concentrated H3PO4, 330°C, 6MPa)
- Alkene + hydrogen halide (room temperature)
- Alkene + hydrogen (Ni catalyst, 140°C)
2. Oxidation
- Alkene + cold and dilute acidified KMnO4 to form a diol
- Alkene + hot and concentrated acidified KMnO4
3. Addition polymerisation
- Ethene —> poly(ethene)
Poly(ethene) is non-biodegradable, not reactive, and can form harmful products when burned.
2. I need to revise more past year papers and memorize the conditions for the reactions
3. I wish we can do more group work activities like last year 😃 but mr gopi's teaching is super good👍🏻

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In the lecture i learnt:
1) what empirical and molecular formula is
2) the different types of structural formula (displayed, skeletal, condensed formula)
3) the different types of functional group
4) Hybridisation
5) the different types of structural isomerism
6) the different types of geometrical isomerism
7) the reactions of alkane
8) the reactions of alkene (incomplete)

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1. learnt about Empirical formula, Molecular formula,Structural formula,Displayed formula and Skeletal formula. Learnt about the functional groups, sigma and pi bonds (sp2 and sp3 hybridization), learnt about structural isomerism (position isomerism, functional group isomerism and chain isomerism). learnt about stereoisomerism (cis trans and optical isomerism) , learnt about hydrocarbons  reaction of alkanes, reaction of alkenes, and electrophilic addition reaction and some past year paper questions.

2. the part where i want to review the most is every part because my prelims and a level exams are getting close and i have to review every part!

3. mr gopi did a good job in teaching, i like his way of teaching where he also records and uploads his videos to youtube so in case i missed some parts due to some problems i can always rewatch his videos and keep repeating until i fully understood the topic. he is also very detailed in teaching and loves to gives surprise quizziz which can give us anxiety😵‍💫, however it motivates us to study and pay attention more to his classes👍🏻

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1. Learnt about displayed formula, structural formula, skeletal formula, hybridisation, isomerism ( stereo and structural ) for structural isomerism, it is important to remember cyclic compound for CnH2n, for stereoisomerism, we have cis-trans and optical.
Reaction with Alkanes
- combustion
- free radical substitution [uv/sunlight, initiation, propogation, termination]
Reaction with Alkenes
- combustion
- electrophilic addition
1. Hydrogen (Ni, 140 140 oC)
2. Steam (concentrated H3PO4, 330oC and 6MPa)
3. Hydrogen halides (rich becomes richer concept [stability of carbocations], room temperature)
4. Halogens (room temperature)
- oxidation
1. cold dilute acidified potassium manganate (VII) at room temperature
2. hot concentrated potassium manganate (VII)
- addition polymerisation
1. ethene -> poly(ethene)

Lastly, Mr Gopi managed to include a handful of past year paper questions and examples which made his explanation way clearer and understandable.

2) I think the part I struggle most in would be Hybridisation since the concept of it is really confusing for me, so I feel like I will need more revision on that part.

3) Other than that, it was a great lesson as usual and I'm grateful to have Mr. Gopi as my chemistry teacher :D (ty sir :} )especially for all of his recorded lessons, although I'd have to admit that Mr. Gopi sometimes tends to go at a fast pace.

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It was a good recap about what we learned before the different functional groups, hybridization isomerism and the reactions.

I need to focus more on identifying functional groups and the conditions of the reactions

I believe that this review was super helpful for the revision of the AS exams and was very clear and easy to understand

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1. We reviewed the introduction to organic chemistry, covering the differences in structural, displayed and skeletal formulas, different functional groups, sp2 and sp3 hybridisation and their connection to  sigma and pi bonds, structural isomerism (functional group, position, chain) and stereo isomerism (cis-trans, optical) alkane reactions (combustion, free radical substituion) and alkene reactions (combustion, electrophilic addition, oxidation, addition polymerisation).

2. Reading and writing structural formulae, finding isomerism (especially optical) and the mechanisms for free radical substitution and electrophilic addition.

3. The class was very helpful - it broke down several sub-topics into simpler points and made it easier for understanding despite the time limit.

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1. Reviewed about organic chemistry, different function group, isomerisms, hybridization and different types of reaction.
2. Remember the conditions needed for diff reactions.
3. Get gud internyet

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1. — different types of functional groups
— sigma and pi bond (hybridization sp3 and sp2)
— structural isomerism and stereoisomerism
— reactions of alkane with its mechanism (combustion, free radical substitution)
— reactions of alkene with its mechanism (combustion, electrophilic addition with its conditions, oxidation with its conditions, addition polymerization)
2. The mechanisms
3. super helpful :D

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We revised about AS topics such as hybridization, organic chemistry and electrophilic substitution. Overall, this triggers me to revise about AS toics because i forgot about some of them and this lecture was the catalyst

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We revised what we have previously learn about organic compounds, more specifically about hydrocarbons. We revised about hybridisation, isomerism and the reactions for alkanes and alkenes.

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We review about intro to organic chem , different types of functional group and their formulas, different hybridisation (sp1,sp2 sp3) and isomerism (which i need to review)

I have some trouble understanding types of reactions such as eletrophilic addition and so on and I need to memorize the conditions as well as doing practice questions.

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I learnt about the different types of formula and also the functional groups.

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We learnt about hybridisation(how to count pi and sigma bonds), Isomerism , Stereoisomerism (Cis trans and optical isomerism), reactions of alkane and alkene. We also learnt electropholic addition which can be further divided into 4 parts, with hydrogen (Ni, 140 celcius), with Steam (concentrated H3PO4, 330 celcius and 6Mpa) , Hydrogen halides(rt) and halogens (rt). We learnt the oxidation of alkene and also addition polymerisation . Poly(alkene), etc.

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1. I have learnt about the reactions of alkane and alkene, mechanism of reaction and polymerisation
2. I need to learn more on the oxidation and the 'rich become more rich' rule.
3. The lesson was fun

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We learnt about different ways to displays formulas, and the properties and reactions of alkanes and alkenes.

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It was a good recap about the different types of functional groups , hybridisation, isomerism and electrophilic addition reactions. I need to revise more on hybridisation and the conditions of the electrophilic additions.

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Amazing teacher!

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Literally make me understand an entire chapter i still struggle on in an hour, legend, mr. gopi deserves a raise!!

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I learnt alot about different types of isomerism and functional groups. I also learnt about the conditions certain reactions need to be in

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I have learnt about the different formula and mechanisms

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Learnt about :
Sp hybridization
- sp1, sp2, sp3
Free radical substitution
- initiation, propogation, termination
Empirical, molecular, structural, displayed and skeletal formula
- learnt their differences
Sigma & Pi bond
Structural isomerism
- positional, functional group and chain isomerism
Stereoisomerism
- cis trans, optical isomerism
Reactions of alkane
- combustion and free radical substitution (homolytic fission)
Reaction of alkene
- combustion, electrophilic addition (heterolytic fission), oxidation, and addition polymerisation
Electrophilic addition
- hydrogen ( Ni catalyst, 140°C), steam (conc. Phosphoric acid, 330°C, 6MPa), hydrogen halides(room temp) and halogens ( room temp)

Need to review on reactions of alkenes & alkanes

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I learn about the different types of formula and I also learned about the different type of isomerism and functional group.
I need to learn more about the conditions for the electrophilic substitution and free radical substitution.
The lesson was easy to understand and it was really interesting.

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1. I have learnt about the different types of isomerism and functional groups.
2. More on the conditions of reactions.
3. It was a good review and the lesson was clear and easy to follow.