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Ir. Soekarno was the first president of Indonesia who played an active role as a proclaimer of independence and the originator of the basic state, Pancasila. Even though he was a political prisoner in Bandung, Soekarno was considered to be persistent in fighting for independence.

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Kindness for his beloved country, Indonesia.

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Kindness for his beloved country, Indonesia.

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Soekarno became famous for the first time when he became a member of Jong Java Surabaya branch in 1915. For Soekarno, the Java-centric nature of the organization and only thought about culture was a challenge in itself. In the annual plenary meeting held by Jong Java Surabaya branch, Soekarno shocked the session by making a speech using the Javanese rough language. A month later he sparked a heated debate by suggesting that the Jong Java newspaper should be published in Malay only, and not in Dutch.

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In 1926, Soekarno founded the Algemeene Study Club (ASC) in Bandung which was the result of inspiration from the Indonesische Studie Club by Dr. Soetomo. This organization became the forerunner of the Indonesian National Party which was founded in 1927. Soekarno's activities in the PNI caused him to be arrested by the Dutch on December 29, 1929 in Yogyakarta and the next day he was transferred to Bandung, to be thrown into the Banceuy Prison. In 1930 he was transferred to Sukamiskin and at the Bandung Landraad court on December 18, 1930 he read his phenomenal pleidos, Indonesia Sues, until he was released again on December 31, 1931.

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In July 1932, Sukarno joined the Indonesian Political Parties or mostly known Partindo, which was a fraction from the PNI. Soekarno was again arrested in August 1933, and exiled to Flores. Here, Sukarno was almost forgotten by national figures. But his spirit is still burning as implied in every letter to an Islamic Unity Teacher named Ahmad Hasan. From 1938 to 1942 Sukarno was exiled to Bengkulu Province, he only returned free during the Japanese occupation in 1942

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At the beginning of the Japanese colonial period (1942–1945), the Japanese government did not pay attention to the figures of the Indonesian movement, especially to "secure" their presence in Indonesia. This can be seen in Movement 3A with its characters Shimizu and Mr. Shamsuddin were less popular.

But in the end, the Japanese occupation government paid attention to and at the same time used Indonesian figures such as Soekarno, Mohammad Hatta, and others in every organization and institution to attract the hearts of the Indonesian population. Mentioned in various organizations such as Jawa Hokokai, Center for People's Power (Putera), BPUPKI and PPKI, figures such as Soekarno, Hatta, Ki Hajar Dewantara, K.H. Mas Mansyur, and others were mentioned and looked very active. And finally national figures worked with the Japanese occupation government to achieve Indonesian independence, although there were also underground movements such as Sutan Syahrir and Amir Sjarifuddin because they considered Japan to be a dangerous fascist.

President Soekarno himself, during his opening speech before reading the text of the proclamation of independence, said that even though we were actually working with Japan, we actually believed and believed and relied on our own strength.

He was active in efforts to prepare for Indonesian independence, including formulating Pancasila, the 1945 Constitution, and the basic principles of the Indonesian government, including formulating the text of the proclamation of Independence. He was persuaded to leave for Rengasdengklok

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In 1943, Japanese Prime Minister Hideki Tojo invited Indonesian figures namely Soekarno, Mohammad Hatta, and Ki Bagoes Hadikoesoemo to Japan and was received directly by Emperor Hirohito. Even the emperor gave the imperial star (Ratna Suci) to the three Indonesian figures. The awarding of the Stars surprised the Japanese occupation government, because it meant that the three Indonesian figures were considered the family of the Japanese Emperor himself. In August 1945, he was invited by Marshal Terauchi, the head of the Army for Southeast Asia in Dalat, Vietnam, who later stated that the proclamation of Indonesian independence was the business of the Indonesian people themselves.

However, his involvement in Japanese-established organizational bodies made Soekarno accused by the Dutch of cooperating with the Japanese, including in the romusha case.

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Soekarno together with national figures began to prepare for the proclamation of the independence of the Republic of Indonesia. After the trial of the Investigating Agency for Preparatory Work for Indonesian Independence (BPUPKI), a Small Committee consisting of eight people (official), a Committee of Nine (which produced the Jakarta Charter) and the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence (PPKI), Soekarno-Hatta established the State of Indonesia based on Pancasila and the Constitution. 1945.

After meeting Marshal Terauchi in Dalat, Vietnam, the Rengasdengklok Incident occurred on August 16, 1945; Soekarno and Mohammad Hatta were persuaded by the youths to move away to the Rengasdengklok Defender of the Homeland (PETA) troop dormitory. The youth figures who persuaded included Soekarni, Wikana, Singgih and Chairul Saleh. The youths demanded that Soekarno and Hatta immediately proclaim the independence of Indonesia, because in Indonesia there was a power vacuum. This was because the Japanese had surrendered and the Allied troops had not yet arrived. However, Soekarno, Hatta and other prominent figures refused on the grounds that they were waiting for clarity regarding the Japanese surrender. Another reason that developed is that Soekarno set the right moment for Indonesia's independence, namely the election of August 17, 1945 when it coincided with the month of Ramadan, the Muslim holy month which is believed to be the month of the first revelation of the Muslims to the Prophet Muhammad, namely the Qur'an. On August 18, 1945, Soekarno and Mohammad Hatta were appointed by PPKI to become President and Vice President of the Republic of Indonesia. On August 29, 1945 the appointment to become president and vice president was confirmed by KNIP. On September 19, 1945 Soekarno's authority was able to resolve without bloodshed the Ikada Field incident where 200,000 people of Jakarta would clash with Japanese troops who were still fully armed.

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At the time of the arrival of the Allies (AFNEI) led by Lt. Sir Phillip Christison, Christison finally recognized Indonesia's de facto sovereignty after holding a meeting with President Soekarno. President Soekarno also tried to resolve the crisis in Surabaya. However, due to the provocation launched by the NICA (Dutch) troops who rode the Allies (under England), the 10 November 1945 incident in Surabaya exploded and the death of Brigadier General A.W.S Mallaby.

Due to many provocations in Jakarta at that time, President Soekarno finally moved the capital city of the Republic of Indonesia from Jakarta to Yogyakarta. Followed by the vice president and other high-ranking state officials.


The position of President Soekarno according to the 1945 Constitution is the position of the President as head of government and head of state (presidential/single executive). During the independence revolution, the system of government changed to semi-presidential or double executive. President Soekarno as Head of State and Sutan Syahrir as Prime Minister/Head of Government. This happened because of the vice president's edict No. X, and the government's announcement in November 1945 regarding political parties. This is taken so that the Republic of Indonesia is considered a more democratic country.

Although the government system changed, during the independence revolution, President Soekarno's position remained the most important, especially in the face of the 1948 Madiun Incident and during the Second Dutch Military Aggression which caused President Soekarno, Vice President Mohammad Hatta and a number of high-ranking state officials to be detained by the Dutch. Even though there was already an Emergency Government of the Republic of Indonesia (PDRI) with the chairman Sjafruddin Prawiranegara, in reality the international world and the domestic situation still recognized that Soekarno-Hatta was the real leader of Indonesia, only his policies could resolve the Indonesia-Dutch dispute.

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𝑮𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒕 𝒂𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝑰𝒏𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒂

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𝑮𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒕 𝒂𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝑰𝒏𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒂

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After the Confession of Sovereignty (the Dutch government referred to it as the Surrender of Sovereignty), President Soekarno was appointed as the President of the United States of Indonesia (RIS) and Mohammad Hatta was appointed as the prime minister of the RIS. The position of President of the Republic of Indonesia was handed over to Mr Assaat, who later became known as RI Java-Yogya. However, because of the demands of all Indonesians who wanted to return to the unitary state, on August 17, 1950, RIS again changed to the Republic of Indonesia and President Soekarno became President of the Republic of Indonesia. Mr Assaat's mandate as President of the Republic of Indonesia was handed back to Soekarno. The official position of President Soekarno is constitutional president, but in reality government policies are carried out after consulting him.

The myth of the Dwitunggal Soekarno-Hatta is quite popular and stronger among the people than the head of government, namely the prime minister. The ups and downs of the cabinet which was known as the "cabinet for a lifetime" made President Soekarno less trust in the multiparty system, even calling it a "party disease". Not infrequently, he also intervened to mediate conflicts within the military which also affected the ups and downs of the cabinet. Such as the events of October 17, 1952 and the events in the Air Force.

President Soekarno also gave many ideas in the international world. His concern for the fate of the Asian-African nation, still not independent, yet having the right to self-determination, caused President Soekarno, in 1955, to take the initiative to hold the Asian-African Conference in Bandung which resulted in the Ten Principles of Bandung. Bandung is known as the Capital of Asia-Africa. Inequality and conflicts due to the "time bomb" left by western countries which are labeled as still attaching importance to imperialism and colonialism, inequality and fears of the emergence of a nuclear war that changes civilization, injustice of international bodies in conflict resolution are also his concerns. Together with Presidents Josip Broz Tito (Yugoslavia), Gamal Abdel Nasser (Egypt), Mohammad Ali Jinnah (Pakistan), U Nu, (Burma) and Jawaharlal Nehru (India) he held the Asia-Africa Conference which resulted in the Non-Aligned Movement. Thanks to his services, many countries in Asia and Africa gained their independence. But unfortunately, there are still many who experience prolonged conflicts to this day because of injustice in problem solving, which is still controlled by strong or superpower countries. Thanks to this service, many people from the Asia-Africa region do not forget Soekarno when they remember or know Indonesia. [reference needed]

In order to carry out a free-active foreign policy in the international world, President Soekarno visited various countries and met with state leaders. Among them were Nikita Khruschev (Soviet Union), John Fitzgerald Kennedy (United States), Fidel Castro (Cuba), Mao Tse Tung (China)