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the genre makes use of elements of portraiture, landscape photography, architecture photography, street photography.

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When the term 35mm photography is used in a format setting, it usually refers to film photography

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A twin-lens reflex camera is a type of camera with two objective lenses of the same focal length.

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a darkened box with a convex lens or aperture for projecting the image of an external object onto a screen inside

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The gelatin silver process is the most commonly used chemical process in black-and-white photography, and is the fundamental chemical process for modern analog color photography.

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a keeper or custodian of a museum or other collection.

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a public display of works of art or items of interest, held in an art gallery or museum or at a trade fair.

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a room or building for the display or sale of works of art.

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a building in which objects of historical, scientific, artistic, or cultural interest are stored and exhibited.

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A photographic studio is often a business owned and represented by one or more photographers

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distances and areas around, between, and within.

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how something feels

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lightness and darkness

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three-dimensional

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two- dimensional

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marks that go between two points

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hue, saturation, and value

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a distribution of visual weight

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the illusion of action

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joining parts together

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showing size relationships

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grabbing attention

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something repeating

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showing different types

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Cool colors include green, blue, and purple,

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One group of colors in the color wheel is associated with the sun, warmth and fire. These colors are called warm colors since they evoke warm feelings in people. Yellow, red, orange

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neutral means without color. Neutrals such as beige, ivory, taupe, black, gray, and shades of white

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Red and green; yellow and purple; orange and blue; green and magenta. Complementary color combos tend to be bold,

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A monochromatic color scheme is a one-color scheme that is created using different tones of that one color

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Constructive criticism is a helpful way of giving feedback that provides specific, actionable suggestions.

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the practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own.

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legally available only on a doctor's prescription and usually not advertised to the general public.

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Use subjective when you're talking about an opinion or feeling that is based on an individual's perspective or preferences. Use objective when you're talking about something—like an assessment, decision, or report

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Copyright protects original work, whereas a trademark protects items that distinguish or identify a particular business from another

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The rule of thirds is a "rule of thumb" for composing visual images such as designs, films, paintings, and photographs.

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Leading lines are lines that appear in a photograph that have been framed and positioned by the photographer to draw the viewer's eye towards a specific point of interest.

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The golden ratio is a ratio of approximately 1.618 to 1. Artists have used this ratio for centuries to create works of art from paintings to architecture.

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Negative space photography is the area surrounding the main subject in a photo that is left unoccupied.

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Positive space is any part of the photo that jumps out from its surroundings.

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Backlight photography emphasizes the depth behind the subject and gives images a greater sense of place.

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The even light is flattering for subjects because it eliminates shadows, softens the face, and allows the subject to relax without squinting.

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Ambient light can be defined as any form of light that you didn't add to your photo.

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Chiaroscuro is the use of contrast in light and shading across an entire image composition.

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Silhouette, an image or design in a single hue and tone, most usually the popular 18th- and 19th-century cut or painted profile portraits

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A diptych is any object with two flat plates which form a pair, often attached by hinge.

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A triptych is a work of art that is divided into three sections, or three carved panels that are hinged together and can be folded shut or displayed open.

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Orthographic projection is a means of representing three-dimensional objects in two dimensions.

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Barrel distortion describes a type of distortion wherein lines that are straight in real life appear to curve inwards (like the walls of a barrel).

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n geometric optics, distortion is a deviation from rectilinear projection; a projection in which straight lines in a scene remain straight in an image.

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O is your camera's sensitivity to light as it pertains to either film or a digital sensor.

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The ASA (American Standards Association) scale is an arbitrary rating of film speed; that is, the sensitivity of the film to light

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An image sensor or imager is a sensor that detects and conveys information used to make an image.

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Film grain or granularity is the random optical texture of processed photographic film due to the presence of small particles of a metallic silver

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Image noise is random variation of brightness or color information in images, and is usually an aspect of electronic noise.

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, an aperture is a hole or an opening through which light travels. More specifically, the aperture and focal length

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In optics, the f-number of an optical system such as a camera lens is the ratio of the system's focal length to the diameter of the entrance pupil.

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The focal length of an optical system is a measure of how strongly the system converges or diverges light; it is the inverse of the system's optical power.

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the distance between the nearest and the furthest objects that give an image judged to be in focus in a camera.

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the visual quality of the out-of-focus areas of a photographic image, especially as rendered by a particular lens.

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In photography, shutter speed or exposure time is the length of time that the film or digital sensor inside the camera is exposed to light when taking a photograph.

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The Bulb setting on camera shutters is a momentary-action mode that holds shutters open for as long as a photographer depresses the shutter-release button.

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Motion blur is the apparent streaking of moving objects in a photograph or a sequence of frames, such as a film or animation.

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Both a tripod and monopod are accessories designed to support a camera

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Camera shake is a term used to define the act of accidentally shaking a camera during shooting due to unsteady hands, which results in blurry images

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Auto Mode. Automatic Exposure is when the camera chooses the optimum shutter speed, aperture, ISO and flash settings for your shot.

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Manual” mode stands for a full manual control of Aperture and Shutter Speed.

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Aperture priority, often abbreviated A or Av on a camera mode dial, is a setting on some cameras that allows the user to set a specific aperture value

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Shutter priority, also called time value, refers to a setting on some cameras that allows the user to choose a specific shutter speed while the camera adjusts the aperture to ensure correct exposure.

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A programming model is a style of programming, selected above and beyond the particular choice of programming language.

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Long-exposure, time-exposure, or slow-shutter photography involves using a long-duration shutter speed to sharply capture the stationary elements of images while blurring, smearing, or obscuring the moving elements.

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Time-lapse photography is a technique in which the frequency at which film frames are captured

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Sometimes called light drawing or light graffiti, light painting is the photographic technique of using a moving light source—such as a flashlight, glow stick, light brush, or even a smartphone—to alter an image while taking a long exposure photograph.

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Panning photography is a technique in photography that uses a slow shutter speed while moving your camera along to create motion blur in the background.

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Burst mode is a camera function that allows you to capture a series of photographs in quick succession.

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In photography, the metering mode refers to the way in which a camera determines exposure

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shooting a natural light portrait and have placed your subject in the center of the frame, the camera will determine the correct exposure for their face while placing a significantly lesser importance on the background.

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An 18% grey card reflects back 18% of the light that hits it.

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Partial Metering is a camera-metering mode in which the metering is weighted at the center of the viewfinder

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Evaluative metering is the default metering mode on most cameras. It ensures that the camera will automatically adjust to the right exposure setting even when the ambient lighting shows greater contrast.

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A shadow is defined as a contour of an object that forms due to the blockage of a light source.

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all luminance values that are not dark or light are considered to be mid-tones. Most

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Highlights are the lightest elements in an image, whereas shadows are the darkest areas.

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a small illustration or portrait photograph which fades into its background without a definite border.

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a brownish tone imparted to a photograph.

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An AF point is a specific part of the frame where the camera is able to focus on something.

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Bracketing is a technique where a photographer takes shots of the same image using different camera settings.

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It shows you what you have set in terms of exposure compensation and/or auto exposure bracketing.

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Exposure compensation is a useful function that adjusts a camera's settings to deal with unusually bright or dark scenes.

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A white balance card (or gray card) helps you adjust the white balance and exposure settings of images by providing a reference point

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Workspace Switcher displays a visual representation of your workspaces, as shown in Figure 4–3. Figure 4–3 shows the Workspace Switcher when the Java Desktop System session contains four workspaces.

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The toolbar, also called a bar or standard toolbar is a graphical control element on which on-screen icons can be used.

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the range of colors used by a particular artist or in a particular picture.

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The menu bar is used to open and save files, adjust the canvas size, access some of the editing tools, open and close various windows, and more

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The Options Bar is the horizontal bar that runs underneath the Menu Bar in Photoshop.