# data[].attributes.body
sites of silent DNA variation not associated with any measurable phenotypic variation

# data[].attributes.body
An organism's set of chromosomes

# data[].attributes.body
Different mutant alleles of a gene that cause a range of phenotypes, where each one carries a single point mutation within different regions of the same gene

# data[].attributes.body
genes located on the same chromosome (also called syntenic genes)

# data[].attributes.body
all cells in the body apart from gametes (germline cells)

# data[].attributes.body
The physical units of heredity

# data[].attributes.body
Fusion of gametes that differ in size and form

# data[].attributes.body
single nucleotide polymorphisms. most common type of molecular charge between individuals.

# data[].attributes.body
A complex of DNA, RNA and protein within a chromosome.

# data[].attributes.body
Mutation causes a phenotype only under certain conditional (e.g., temperature, chemical exposure, resource availability)

# data[].attributes.body
Describes syntenic genes that are so close to one another that their alleles are inherited together.

# data[].attributes.body
the sex cells (eggs and sperm) that are used by sexually reproducing organisms to pass on genes

# data[].attributes.body
The observable traits of an organism

# data[].attributes.body
Fusion of gametes of similar morphology

# data[].attributes.body
restriction fragment length polymorphisms. nucleotide differences that generate a change in a restriction enzyme cutting site.

# data[].attributes.body
A loosely packed form of chromatin that is more active and stains lightly.

# data[].attributes.body
Mutant phenotype

# data[].attributes.body
Map quantifying the positions of genes on chromosome.

# data[].attributes.body
process where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells (cell division)

# data[].attributes.body
The genetic constitution of an organism

# data[].attributes.body
physical differences between biological males and females

# data[].attributes.body
2-5 nucleotides tandemly repeated in a DNA sequence

# data[].attributes.body
dark stain densely packed chromosomes

# data[].attributes.body
Wild-type phenotype

# data[].attributes.body
i.e., DNA sequence

# data[].attributes.body
type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half and produces four gamete cells

# data[].attributes.body
contain both male and female reproductive organs

# data[].attributes.body
type of DNA microarray which is used to detect polymorphisms within a population

# data[].attributes.body
distinctive structures found at the end of chromosomes

# data[].attributes.body
Proportion of individuals of a specific genotype that exhibit the corresponding phenotype

# data[].attributes.body
genes that encode easily observable characteristics such as blood types or seed shapes

# data[].attributes.body
pair of chromosomes with the same gene sequence, loci, length and location

# data[].attributes.body
The most common variant in the wild

# data[].attributes.body
male and female flowers in separate structures on the same plant

# data[].attributes.body
microarray chip containing spots of DNA oligonucleotide probes, to detect sites of known SNP variation in the genome

# data[].attributes.body
centre region of chromosome to provide transmission of genome during cell division

# data[].attributes.body
Not every individual with the mutant genotype displays a mutant phenotype

# data[].attributes.body
separates alleles of linked genes

# data[].attributes.body
23rd pair of chromosomes in male and females
female (XX)
male (XY)

# data[].attributes.body
Alternative (variant) forms of a gene

# data[].attributes.body
male and female flowers on different plants

# data[].attributes.body
short stretches of single-stranded DNA or RNA used to detect the presence of a complementary nucleic acid sequences by hybridisation

# data[].attributes.body
number of such sets in an organism's genome

# data[].attributes.body
Alleles that need only to be present in one copy in an organism to be fatal

# data[].attributes.body
the phenotypes of the offspring that matches one of the true-breeding parental (P generation) phenotypes

# data[].attributes.body
any numbered chromosomes besides sex chromosomes

# data[].attributes.body
Having two identical alleles of a particular gene.

# data[].attributes.body
genetic elements specify whether individuals are biologically male or female

# data[].attributes.body
high level of recombination; greater genetic distance relative to a physical distance

# data[].attributes.body
separate to produce 4 haploid products

# data[].attributes.body
A pair of identical alleles that are both present in an organism that ultimately results in death of that organism

# data[].attributes.body
the phenotypes of the offspring that differ from that of the true-breeding P generation parents

# data[].attributes.body
genes on sex chromosomes (also called X or Y-linked)

# data[].attributes.body
Having two different alleles of a particular gene.

# data[].attributes.body
external stimuli control sex determination e.g., temperature

# data[].attributes.body
low levels of recombination; shorter genetic distance relative to physical distance

# data[].attributes.body
a set of chromosome that is very similar to one another, including shape and size

# data[].attributes.body
A single gene affects more than one phenotype or process

# data[].attributes.body
The rate of recombination for a given pair of linked genes

Calculated by number of recombinant offspring divided by total number of offspring. Is also the measure of genetic distance (frequency of 0.01 = 1 mu)

# data[].attributes.body
only one copy of an allele is present at a locus instead of two

# data[].attributes.body
Trait will be expressed in heterozygote

# data[].attributes.body
presence of specific sex chromosomes that are different from each other, and distinct from autosomes

# data[].attributes.body
trait goes from mother to son, mirroring the inheritance of the X chromosome

# data[].attributes.body
sites of crossing over

# data[].attributes.body
functional test between recessive mutants with the same phenotype

# data[].attributes.body
the distance between two linked genes as measured by the amount of recombination between them

This type of genetic distance is different to the evolutionary measurement of genetic distance, or the measure of genetic divergence between species or between populations within a species

# data[].attributes.body
used to determine sex-linkage:
- 2 crosses are performed, where the genotypes of the male and female parents are swapped
- if offspring ratios differ, indicates trait is sex-linked

# data[].attributes.body
Trait will be masked by dominant allele

# data[].attributes.body
the sex with different sex chromosomes

# data[].attributes.body
A heterozygote is intermediate between the two homozygous phenotypes

# data[].attributes.body
type of chromosome aberration, a structural variation in a chromosome leading to rearrangement of chromosome segments

# data[].attributes.body
occurs when there's a variation in the number of sets of chromosomes

# data[].attributes.body
modifies the expected phenotypic ratio of 9:3:3:1

# data[].attributes.body
measurement of genetic distance

# data[].attributes.body
A heterozygote expresses the phenotype of both alleles simultaneously

# data[].attributes.body
the sex with homologous (same) sex chromosomes

# data[].attributes.body
a particular form of constitutive heterochromatin that is localized to both sides of centromeres and that forms silent compartments enriched in repressive marks

# data[].attributes.body
chromosome inversions with no centromere

# data[].attributes.body
multiple copies of the same genome

# data[].attributes.body
activity of both genes is needed for final phenotype (9:7 ratio)

# data[].attributes.body
crossing a heterozygote with a double recessive individual: AaBb x aabb

# data[].attributes.body
a strain that breeds pure for the trait of interest (it will be homozygous for the alleles at that gene)

# data[].attributes.body
differentiation of x and y-specific regions, with small regions of homology

# data[].attributes.body
chromosome inversions with a centromere

# data[].attributes.body
contain two (or more) different genomes after a hybridisation event

# data[].attributes.body
either gene can carry out the biological process (redundancy) (15:1 ratio)

# data[].attributes.body
when the double-recessive has the same genotype as original parent (cross ‘back’ to parental genotype)

# data[].attributes.body
Cells containing a pair of chromosomes (one from each parent).

# data[].attributes.body
block of alleles in a set of linked loci that are inherited together

# data[].attributes.body
occurs when the number of chromosomes of a particular pair is unbalanced

# data[].attributes.body
two genes with the same phenotype interact additively (9:6:1 ratio)

# data[].attributes.body
diagram of linked markers along a chromosome

# data[].attributes.body
Cells containing a single set of chromosomes.

# data[].attributes.body
A condition in which the body of an organism is mosaic, appearing to contain both male and female features

# data[].attributes.body
sex determination system in which males develop from unfertilised eggs and are haploid, and females develop from fertilised eggs and are diploid

# data[].attributes.body
technique to locate the position of a gene along the chromosome

# data[].attributes.body
missing one member of a pair

# data[].attributes.body
modifies the phenotypic ratio 9:3:3:1

# data[].attributes.body
between two individuals that are heterozygous for three different traits

# data[].attributes.body
Mendel’s first law, stating that alleles segregate during meiosis so that one allele is present in each gamete.