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Essay question: International Aid and Globally directed (UN) development work don’t work. Discuss this statement, remembering to include arguments on both sides of the debate and their relevance to multi-lateral aid and development.

References:
1.Dasandi, Niheer, & Erez, Lior. (2019). The Donor’s Dilemma: International Aid and Human Rights Violations. British Journal of Political Science, 49(4), 1431–1452.

2.Ghanem, As'Ad. (2020). The Impact of Incentives for Reconciliation in the Holy City - How International Aid for the Palestinians Contributed to the Expanding of Israeli Control over East Jerusalem. Defence and Peace Economics, 31(8), 975–989.

3.Jadoon, Amira. (2018). Persuasion and Predation: The Effects of U.S. Military Aid and International Development Aid on Civilian Killings. Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 41(10), 776–800.

4. Gisselquist, Rachel M. (2015). Good Aid in Hard Places: Learning from 'Successful' Interventions in Fragile Situations. International Peacekeeping (London, England), 22(4), 283–301. doi: 10.1080/13533312.2015.1059732

5.Mckenna, C. (2002). Global aid programmes are failing the worlds poorest people. Bmj, 325(7354). doi:10.1136/bmj.325.7354.10/b

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Essay question:
International Aid and Globally directed (UN) development work don’t work. Discuss this statement, remembering to include arguments on both sides of the debate and their relevance to multi-lateral aid and development.
Reference list:
1.Ransom, E., & Bain, C. (2011). Gendering Agricultural Aid. Gender & Society, 25(1), 48-74.doi:10.1177/0891243210392571
2. Waisbord, S. (2008). The institutional challenges of participatory communication in international aid. Social Identities, 14(4), 505-522. doi:10.1080/13504630802212009
3.Mckenna,C.(2002).Global aid programmes are failing the worlds poorest people.Bmj,325(7354).doi:10.1136/bmj.325.7354.10/b
4.Dogra,N.(2014).Representations of Global Poverty:Aid,Development and International Ngos.London:I.B.Tauris.
5.Zarocostas,J.(2009).Global aid agencies boost support to poorer nations to fight flu threat.bmj,338(May06 1).doi:10.1136/bmj.b1856

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Essay Question:
It is in the interests of all states to obey international law and humanitarian interventions. Discuss this statement, remembering to include arguments on both sides of the debate
1.    Ogunnowo, O. E., Chidozie, F. (2020). International Law and Humanitarian Intervention in the Syrian Civil War: The Role of the United States. SAGE Open, 1-11, doi:10.1172

2.    Hurd,I.(2011).Is Humanitarian Intervention Legal? The Rule of Law in an Incoherent World. Ethics & International Affairs,293-313.doi:10.1017

3.    Franceschet,A.(2010).Kant, International Law, and the Problem of Humanitarian Intervention.Journal of International Political,6(1) 1-22.doi:10.3366

4.    Doeser, F.(2014).Sweden's Libya Decision: A Case of Humanitarian Intervention. International Politics, 51(2),196-213.doi:10.1057

5.    Howse,R. & Teitel,R.(2010)Beyond Compliance: Rethinking Why International Law Really Matters. Global Policy1(2),127-136,doi:10.1111

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Essay question:
3 .  It is in the interests of all states to obey international law and humanitarian interventions. Discuss this statement, remembering to include arguments on both sides of the debate.

References:
1. Darrow, Mac, & Arbour, Louise. (2009). The Pillar of Glass: Human Rights in the Development Operations of the United Nations. The American Journal of International Law, 103(3), 446–501. https://doi.org/10.1017/S000293000001993X

2. Gamage, S. (2015). Globalization, Neoliberal Reforms and Inequality. Journal of Developing Societies, 31(1), 8–27. https://doi.org/info:doi/

3. Kalmen Datt. (2018). Tax and human rights - much ado about nothing 1. eJournal of Tax Research, 16(1), 113–138.

4. Pape, R. A. (2012). When Duty Calls: A Pragmatic Standard of Humanitarian Intervention. International Security., 37(1), 41–80. https://doi.org/info:doi/

5. Tharoor, S. (2001). Humanitarian Intervention. World Policy Journal., 18(2), 21–102. https://doi.org/info:doi/

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Essay Question
International Aid and Globally directed (UN) development work don’t work. Discuss this statement, remembering to include arguments on both sides of the debate and their relevance to multi-lateral aid and development.

Reference：

1，Dogra, N. (2014). Representations of Global Poverty: Aid, Development and International Ngos. London: I.B. Tauris.

2，Godal, T. (2005). Do we have the architecture for health aid right? Increasing global aid effectiveness. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 3(11), 899-903. doi:10.1038/nrmicro1269

3，Mckenna, C. (2002). Global aid programmes are failing the worlds poorest people. Bmj, 325(7354). doi:10.1136/bmj.325.7354.10/b

4，Vreeland, J. R. (2011). Foreign aid and global governance: Buying Bretton Woods – the Swiss-bloc case. The Review of International Organizations, 6(3-4), 369-391. doi:10.1007/s11558-011-9111-z

5，Zarocostas, J. (2009). Global aid agencies boost support to poorer nations to fight flu threat. Bmj, 338(May06 1). doi:10.1136/bmj.b1856

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Essay question:
Global governance is an effective mechanism to combat  climate change and environmental issues. Discuss this statement in the light of Global Governance and Globalisation, remembering to include arguments on both sides of the debate.

References:
1. Tsao, Jiun Han. (2013). Global governance and climate change --an assessment of challenges and strategies related to the COP15 decision-making mechanism. EurAmerica, 43(1), 148.

2. Saran, S. (2009). Global governance and climate change.(GLOBAL INSIGHTS). Global Governance : a Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations., 15(4). https://doi.org/info:doi/

3. Zhou, Ke, & Cao, Xia. (2010). Fostering a Triple Response Mechanism to Combat Global Climate Change: Emission Abatement, Carbon Capture and Water Improvement. Frontiers of law in China, 5(3), 435–451. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11463-010-0106-0

4. Shaw, Christopher, & Nerlich, Brigitte. (2015). Metaphor as a mechanism of global climate change governance: A study of international policies, 1992–2012. Ecological Economics, 109, 34–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2014.11.001

5. Persson, Åsa, & Dzebo, Adis. (2019). Special issue: Exploring global and transnational governance of climate change adaptation. International Environmental Agreements : Politics, Law and Economics, 19(4), 357–367. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10784-019-09440-z

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Essay Question：
It is in the interests of all states to obey international law and humanitarian interventions. Discuss this statement, remembering to include arguments on both sides of the debate.
Reference：
1.
Liu, Zhi-yun. (2011). The Perspective of “Justice” of International Law in the Global Context. Frontiers of law in China, 6(4), 589–608. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11463-011-0145-1

2.
Goodman, James. (2013). Humanitarian collective security: restoring order? Global Networks (Oxford), 13(3), 345–362. https://doi.org/10.1111/glob.12026

3.
Yuan, Jing-dong. (1998). Multilateral Intervention and State Sovereignty: Chinese Views on UN Peacekeeping Operations. Political Science, 49(2), 275–295. https://doi.org/10.1177/003231879804900207

4.
Valladão, Alfredo G A. (2006). Democratic Hegemony and American Hegemony. Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 19(2), 243–260. https://doi.org/10.1080/09557570600723712

5.
Pape, Robert A. (2012). When Duty Calls: A Pragmatic Standard of Humanitarian Intervention. International Security, 37(1), 41–80. https://doi.org/10.1162/ISEC_a_00088

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Essay Question
Global governance is an effective mechanism to combat climate change and environmental issues. Discuss this statement in the light of Global Governance and Globalisation, remembering to include arguments on both sides of the debate.

Reference：
1.Bu, Maoliang, Lin, Chin-Te, & Zhang, Bing. (2016). GLOBALIZATION AND CLIMATE CHANGE: NEW EMPIRICAL PANEL DATA EVIDENCE. Journal of Economic Surveys, 30(3), 577–595. doi:10.1111/joes.12162

2.Zacarias Alexandre Ombe, & João Carlos Mendes Lima. (2017). Mozambican Cities in Times of Change: the Double Pressure of Globalization and Climate Change. Espaço Aberto, 7(2), 181–198.

3.Davis, Charles E, Rossati, Antonella, Bargiacchi, Olivia, Garavelli, Pietro Luigi, Juliusson, Gunnar, & McMichael, Anthony J. (2013). Globalization, Climate Change, and Human Health. The New England Journal of Medicine, 369(1), 94–96. doi:10.1056/NEJMc1305749

4.Saran, Shyam. (2009). Global Governance and Climate Change. Global Governance, 15(4), 457–460. doi:10.1163/19426720-01504006

5.Candice Carr Kelman. (2011). Afshin Akhtarkhavari: Global governance and the environment: environmental principles and change in international law and politics. International Environmental Agreements : Politics, Law and Economics, 11(4), 379. doi:10.1007/s10784-011-9154-x

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Essay Question：

It is in the interests of all states to obey international law and humanitarian interventions. Discuss this statement, remembering to include arguments on both sides of the debate.

Reference:
1.  Garditz, Klaus Ferdinand. (2014). National law of state liability and international law - fourth Hague Convention- customary international humanitarian law - compensation of civilian victims - judicial review of military operations. The American Journal of International Law, 108(1), 86.

2. Yip, Ka Lok. (2020). The Missing Elephant in the Room-the Jurisdiction of International Human Rights Tribunals over International Humanitarian Law. Journal of International Dispute Settlement, 11(3), 388–408. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnlids/idaa010

3. Fortin, K.M.A, & Bartels, Rogier. (2016). Law, Justice and a Potential Security Gap: The ‘Organization’ Requirement in International Humanitarian Law and International Criminal Law. Journal of Conflict & Security Law, 21(1), 29–48. https://doi.org/10.1093/jcsl/krv018

4. Gozzi, Gustavo. (2017). The “Discourse” of International Law and Humanitarian Intervention. Ratio Juris, 30(2), 186–204. https://doi.org/10.1111/raju.12159

5. Amnesties and international humanitarian law: Purpose and scope ICRC Advisory Service on International Humanitarian Law. (2019). International Review of the Red Cross (2005), 101(910), 357–363. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1816383118000541

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Essay Question
International Aid and Globally directed (UN) development work don’t work. Discuss this statement, remembering to include arguments on both sides of the debate and their relevance to multi-lateral aid and development.

References:
1. Schnable, Allison. (2015). New American Relief and Development Organizations. Social Problems (Berkeley, Calif.), 62(2), 309–329. https://doi.org/10.1093/socpro/spv005

2. Tomalin, Emma. (2020). Global aid and faith actors: the case for an actor-orientated approach to the ‘turn to religion’ International Affairs (London), 96(2), 323–342. https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiaa006
3.  Muhammad, Ismaila, Rafii, Mohd Y, Ramlee, Shairul Izan, Nazli, Muhamad Hazim, Harun, Abdul Rahim, ... (2020). Exploration of Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.), an Underutilized Crop, to Aid Global Food Security: Varietal Improvement, Genetic Diversity and Processing. Agronomy (Basel), 10(6), 766. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10060766

4. Khalid, Hina, Gill, Sitara, & Fox, Ashley M. (2019). Global aid for nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive interventions and proportion of stunted children across low- and middle-income countries: does aid matter? Health Policy and Planning, 34(Supplement_2), ii18–ii27. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czz106

5. Vreeland, James Raymond. (2011). Foreign aid and global governance: Buying Bretton Woods – the Swiss-bloc case. Review of International Organizations, 6(3), 369–391. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-011-9111-z

# data[].attributes.body
Essay Question
International Aid and Globally directed (UN) development work don’t work. Discuss this statement, remembering to include arguments on both sides of the debate and their relevance to multi-lateral aid and development.

References：

1. Dasandi, Niheer, & Erez, Lior. (2019). The Donor’s Dilemma: International Aid and Human Rights Violations. British Journal of Political Science, 49(4), 1431–1452. doi: 10.1017/S0007123417000229

2. Buntaine, M. T. (2016). Giving aid effectively : the politics of environmental performance and selectivity at multilateral development banks (First edition.). Oxford University Press.

3. Gisselquist, Rachel M. (2015). Good Aid in Hard Places: Learning from 'Successful' Interventions in Fragile Situations. International Peacekeeping (London, England), 22(4), 283–301. doi: 10.1080/13533312.2015.1059732

4. Belgioioso, Margherita, Salvatore, Jessica Di, & Pinckney, Jonathan. (2021). Tangled up in blue: The effect of un peacekeeping on nonviolent protests in post-civil war countries. International Studies Quarterly, 65(1), 1–15. doi: 10.1093/isq/sqaa015

5. Sambanis, Nicholas. (2008). Short- and Long-Term Effects of United Nations Peace Operations. The World Bank Economic Review, 22(1), 9–32. doi: 10.1093/wber/lhm022

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Essay Question：
Global governance is an effective mechanism to combat  climate change and environmental issues. Discuss this statement in the light of Global Governance and Globalisation, remembering to include arguments on both sides of the debate.

Reference：
1.Bulkeley, H., & Betsill, Michele Merrill. (2003). Cities and climate change : urban sustainability and global environmental governance. London ; New York: Routledge.

2.Ruppel, O. C., Roschmann, Christian, & Ruppel-Schlichting, Katharina. (2013). Climate change. Volume I, Legal responses and global responsibility : international law and global governance (First edition.). Baden-Baden, Germany: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH.

3.Ahmad, T. (2016). Climate change governance in international civil aviation : toward regulating emissions relevant to climate change and global warming. Hague, Netherlands: Eleven International Publishing.

4.Johnson, C., Toly, Noah, & Schroeder, Heike. (2015). The urban climate challenge : rethinking the role of cities in the global climate regime. New York, New York ; London, [England]: Routledge.

5.Melo Zurita, Maria, Thomsen, Dana, Holbrook, Neil, Smith, Timothy, Lyth, Anna, Munro, Paul, … Powell, Neil. (2018). Global Water Governance and Climate Change: Identifying Innovative Arrangements for Adaptive Transformation. Water (Basel), 10(1), 29. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10010029

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Essay Question:
It is in the interests of all states to obey international law and humanitarian interventions. Discuss this statement, remembering to include arguments on both sides of the debate.

Reference:
1. Koh, H. H., (1997). Why Do Nations Obey International Law? The Yale Law Journal, 106(8), 2599–2659. https://doi.org/10.2307/797228

2. Posner, E. A., (2003). Do States Have a Moral Obligation to Obey International Law? Stanford Law Review, 55(5), 1901–1919.

3. Brian D. L., Harold H. K., Fernando R. T., & Hilary C. (2003). WHY OBEY INTERNATIONAL LAW? THEORIES FOR MANAGING CONFLICTS WITH MUNICIPAL LAW. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting - American Society of International Law, 97, 111–123.

4. Russia's steps to combat terrorism will obey international law - Peskov. (2015). Interfax : Russia & CIS Military Newswire.

5. Helms, J. (2000). Respect the sovereignty of the American people: Obey international laws. Vital Speeches of the Day, 66(9), 268.

6. Kohrt, B. A., & Song, S. J. (2018). Who benefits from psychosocial support interventions in humanitarian settings? The Lancet Global Health, 6(4), e354–e356. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30102-5

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Global governance is an effective mechanism to combat  climate change and environmental issues. Discuss this statement in the light of Global Governance and Globalisation, remembering to include arguments on both sides of the debate.

# data[].attributes.body
Essay Question
Global governance is an effective mechanism to combat  climate change and environmental issues. Discuss this statement in the light of Global Governance and Globalisation, remembering to include arguments on both sides of the debate.
Reference:
1. Shi, P., Ye, Q., Han, G., Li, N., Wang, M., Fang, W., & Liu, Y. (2012). Living with global climate diversity—suggestions on international governance for coping with climate change risk. International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 3(4), 177-184. doi:10.1007/s13753-012-0018-y
2. Lövbrand, E., Hjerpe, M., & Linnér, B. (2017). Making climate governance global: How UN climate summitry comes to matter in a complex climate regime. Environmental Politics, 26(4), 580-599. doi:10.1080/09644016.2017.1319019
3.Gupta, J. (2014). Normative Issues in Global Environmental Governance: Connecting Climate Change, Water and Forests. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 28(3), 413–433. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10806-014-9509-8
4. Persson, Å, & Dzebo, A. (2019). Special issue: Exploring global and transnational governance of climate change adaptation. International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, 19(4-5), 357-367. doi:10.1007/s10784-019-09440-z
5. Dorsch, M. J., & Flachsland, C. (2017). A Polycentric Approach to Global Climate Governance. Global Environmental Politics, 17(2), 45-64. doi:10.1162/glep_a_00400

# data[].attributes.body
Essay Question
Global governance is an effective mechanism to combat  climate change and environmental issues. Discuss this statement in the light of Global Governance and Globalisation, remembering to include arguments on both sides of the debate.
Reference:
1. Gupta, J. (2015). Normative issues in global environmental governance: Connecting climate change, water and forests. Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Ethics, 28(3), 413–433. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10806-014-9509-8
2. Persson, Å, & Dzebo, A. (2019). Special issue: Exploring global and transnational governance of climate change adaptation. International Environmental Agreements : Politics, Law and Economics, 19(4), 357–367. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10784-019-09440-z
3.  Zelli, F, & van Asselt, H. (2013). The Institutional Fragmentation of Global Environmental Governance: Causes, Consequences, and Responses - Introduction. Global Environmental Politics, 13(3), 1. https://doi.org/10.1162/GLEP_a_00180
4. Climate Change; Researchers from UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education Provide Details of New Studies and Findings in the Area of Climate Change (Normative Issues in Global Environmental Governance: Connecting Climate Change, Water and Forests). (2015). Ecology, Environment & Conservation (Atlanta, Ga.), 771.
5.Hargrove, Andrew, Qandeel, Mais, & Sommer, Jamie M. (2019). Global governance for climate justice: A cross-national analysis of CO2 emissions. Global Transitions, 1, 190–199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.glt.2019.11.001

# data[].attributes.body
Essay Question
Global governance is an effective mechanism to combat  climate change and environmental issues. Discuss this statement in the light of Global Governance and Globalisation, remembering to include arguments on both sides of the debate.
Reference:
1. Thew, H., Middlemiss, L., & Paavola, J. (2021). Does youth participation increase the democratic legitimacy of UNFCCC-orchestrated global climate change governance? Environmental Politics, 1-22. doi:10.1080/09644016.2020.1868838
2. Gupta, J. (2015). Normative issues in global environmental governance: Connecting climate change, water and forests. Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Ethics, 28(3), 413–433. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10806-014-9509-8
3. Condon, B. J., & Sinha, T. (2013). The role of climate change in global economic governance. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
4. Haque, F., & Ntim, C. G. (2017). Environmental Policy, Sustainable Development, Governance Mechanisms and Environmental Performance. Business Strategy and the Environment, 27(3), 415-435. doi:10.1002/bse.2007
5. Patt, A. G. (2010). Effective regional energy governance—not global environmental governance—is what we need right now for climate change. Global Environmental Change, 20(1), 33-35. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2009.09.006

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Essay question:
International Aid and Globally directed (UN) development work don’t work. Discuss this statement, remembering to include arguments on both sides of the debate and their relevance to multi-lateral aid and development.

Reference:
1.
Heywood, Andrew. Global Politics. Second ed. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. Print. Palgrave Foundations.

https://find.shef.ac.uk/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=44SFD_ALMA_DS51293268430001441&context=L&vid=44SFD_VU2&lang=en_US&search_scope=SCOP_EVERYTHING&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&isFrbr=true&tab=everything&query=any,contains,Global%20Politics&sortby=date&facet=frbrgroupid,include,2617042878&offset=0

2.
Roger C. Riddell
Does Foreign Aid Really Work? Background paper to keynote address to the Australasian Aid and International Development Workshop, Canberra February 2014

https://devpolicy.org/2014-Australasian-Aid-and-International-Development-Policy-Workshop/Roger-Riddell-Background-Paper.pdf

3.
Debate: does foreign aid work?

https://iea.org.uk/debate-does-foreign-aid-work/

4.

Does foreign aid always help the poor?

https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2015/10/does-foreign-aid-always-help-the-poor/

5.
Edwards, Sebastian. "Economic Development and the Effectiveness of Foreign Aid: A Historical Perspective." Kyklos (Basel) 68.3 (2015): 277-316. Web.

# data[].attributes.body
Essay Question
International Aid and Globally directed (UN) development work don’t work. Discuss this statement, remembering to include arguments on both sides of the debate and their relevance to multi-lateral aid and development.
Reference list:
1.Miller, D. C. (2014). Explaining global patterns of international aid for linked biodiversity conservation and development. World Development, 59, 341-359.
2.Tvedt, T. (2006). The international aid system and the non‐governmental organisations: a new research agenda. Journal of international development, 18(5), 677-690.
3.Meibo, H. (2015). South-South cooperation, North-South aid and the prospect of international aid architecture. Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Международные отношения, (1).
4.Tvedt, T. (2007). International development aid and its impact on a donor country: a case study of Norway. The European Journal of Development Research, 19(4), 614-635.
5.Moore, E. M., Dau, L. A., & Doh, J. (2020). Does monetary aid catalyse new business creation? Analysing the impact of global aid flows on formal and informal entrepreneurship. Journal of Management Studies, 57(3), 438-469.

# data[].attributes.body
Essay Question
Global governance is an effective mechanism to combat  climate change and environmental issues. Discuss this statement in the light of Global Governance and Globalisation, remembering to include arguments on both sides of the debate.
Reference
1. Gough, I. (2013). Climate change, social policy, and global governance. Journal of International and Comparative Social Policy, 29(3), 185-203.
2. Gupta, J., & Pahl-Wostl, C. (2013). Global water governance in the context of global and multilevel governance: its need, form, and challenges. Ecology and Society, 18(4).
3. Raubenheimer, K., & Urho, N. (2020). Rethinking global governance of plastics–The role of industry. Marine Policy, 113, 103802.
4. Collin, J. (2012). Tobacco control, global health policy and development: towards policy coherence in global governance. Tobacco control, 21(2), 274-280.
5. Gupta, J. (2015). Normative issues in global environmental governance: Connecting climate change, water and forests. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 28(3), 413-433.

# data[].attributes.body
Essay Question:

Global governance is an effective mechanism to combat climate change and environmental issues. Discuss this statement in the light of Global Governance and Globalisation, remembering to include arguments on both sides of the debate.

Academic References List:

1. Galaz, V., Biermann, F., Crona, B., Loorbach, D., Folke, C., Olsson, P., … Reischl, G. (2012). ‘Planetary boundaries’—Exploring the challenges for global environmental governance. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 4(1), 80–87.

2. Hargrove, A., Qandeel, M., & Sommer, J. M. (2019). Global governance for climate justice: A cross-national analysis of CO2 emissions. Global Transitions, 1, 190–199.

3. Lenschow, A., Newig, J., & Challies, E. (2016). Globalization’s limits to the environmental state? Integrating telecoupling into global environmental governance. Environmental Politics, 25(1), 136–159.

4. Melo Zurita, M., Thomsen, D., Holbrook, N., Smith, T., Lyth, A., Munro, P., … Powell, N. (2018). Global water governance and climate change: Identifying innovative arrangements for adaptive transformation. Water, 10(1), 29.

5. Schreurs, M. A. (2010). Multi-level governance and global climate change in east asia: Multi-level governance and global climate change in east asia. Asian Economic Policy Review, 5(1), 88–105.