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He took great pride in conserving the environment, more than any other president before him. Roosevelt used his power to create 150 national forests, 51 federal bird reserves, four national game preserves, five national parks and 18 national monuments on over 230 million acres of public land.

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Sinclair wrote "The Jungle" to expose to the public the appalling working conditions in the meat-packing industry. His description of diseased, rotten, and contaminated meat completely shocked the public and eventually led to new federal food safety laws from the government.

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She cofounded and led Hull House, the first settlement house in North America. The Hull House provided low wage people with child care, education, and other services. The group that was helped was largely the immigrant population of Hull House's Chicago neighborhood.

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He is most known for being the 'boss' of Tammany Hall. He was a part of the Democratic political machine that played a major role in New York City. Tweed was later convicted of stealing about $25 million dollars from NYC taxpayers through political corruption.

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Jacob Riis was a social reformer and author (muckraker) who published "How the Other Half Lives," exposing the terrible conditions of low class people. His expose shocked the public and led to later reforms to support housing, education and overall welfare of the 'other half.'

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Henry Ford created the method of assembly lines in factories to speed up the efficiency of manufacturing. This method became popular in all factories across the country. Henry Ford first used the assembly line method to create his vehicles.

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Taft was the 27th president of America, selected by Roosevelt. William Taft was the president who abolished the most trusts, weakening monopolists. Taft was also the most overweight president to hold office.

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Samuel Gompers was a key figure in the support of Workers Unions. He founded the American Federation of Labor (AFL) and served as its president. His efforts successfully shifted the focus of powerful groups onto helping out unions.

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Being a robber baron himself, he founded the Standard Oil Company which was the first large trust in the United States. It controlled almost all oil production, processing, marketing, and transportation across the country.

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Thomas Edison is one of the greatest inventors to some. He is most known for inventing the lightbulb, but he also invented sound recording and motion pictures. The lightbulb provided a much safer and more effective light source in every instance where light was needed.

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Andrew Carnegie was one of the robber barons during the industrial revolution. His main contributions to the industrial revolution was his book, “The Gospel of Wealth.” His book is significant because it teaches the wealthy public about philanthropy and how it is their responsibility to partake in it. The Gospel of Wealth also asserts that hard work and perseverance can lead you to wealth.

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The 16th Amendment allows the government to collect a tax from all Americans, disregarding the population of the states. This income tax is important because it allows for the federal government to keep a ready army, build effective roads and bridges, and enforce laws among the people.

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Trusts were a huge part of why robber barons were so successful. The purpose of a trust was to eliminate all competition in a field of business so that it could be dominated. The Sherman Anti Trust Act worked to outlaw these monopolistic practices. It’s all in the name, it prohibits trusts therefore weakening robber barons.

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Labor unions were groups formed by workers in their respectable fields to combat against unfair conditions, treatment, and pay. Workers finally stood up for themselves, and it worked in many ways to revolt against robber barons who owned companies and didn’t care about the workers. There is still a long way to go to truly have good ways of life for many workers, but unions were a great start.

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The ICC was created in 1887 with the purpose of regulating the railroads. This was a wish of many farmers during the time because railroad rates were unfairly high and it was putting them more info debt to transport their goods. Eventually, the interstate commerce commission was expanded to work with ships, trucks, and other large transportation vehicles.

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Moody was an American evangelist and publisher that deplored “higher criticism” of the Bible, the Social Gospel Movement, and the theory of evolution. He worked to revitalize the American religious tradition of revivalism and made it more common in the industrial age of America.

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This act is a direct response to Upton Sinclair’s “The Jungle.” Since he exposed all the nasty ways of the meat packing industry, the public was outraged and disgusted. They pushed for a change, and the meat inspection act was passed. This act made it so sales of wrongly modified it misbranded meats was prohibited. It set firm rules on how sanitary the meat process must be.

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What would the world be without the media? Muckrakers were people who wrote exposes of what was truly going on in the world, the good, bad, and the ugly. But mostly the bad and the ugly. Their efforts raised public awareness and anger towards the urban poverty, unsafe working conditions, and child labor that was going on behind the scenes of big corporations.

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Progressivism was a movement that’s main goal was to shed more light onto ordinary people in society and put their interests into play. It adresses ideas, issues, and ideals of American society and worked to progress in a positive manner with those in mind.

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As immigrants came to America, many people wanted them to become true citizens and true Americans. Very similar to assimilation, immigrants were taught English, American culture, values, and common customs. This wasn’t always as great as it seems, however, because it is just directly getting rid of all the things that make immigrants unique from their home countries. Many people wanted Americanization, while many opposed it.

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“The Gospel of Wealth,” a book written by Andrew Carnegie, describes the responsibility of philanthropy by the rich upper class, whether they are self made or not. It also tells about how important and hard it is to become a self made wealthy person, but anyone can do it. Wealthy Americans were responsible for spending their money in order to benefit the less fortunate in society. Carnegie wanted to help close the riches gap.

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Also known as the People’s Party, the Populists were formed in 1891 and was a direct support to struggling farmers and the Farmer’s Alliance.  They worked to influence the government to have a graduated income tax, end tariffs, end national banks, regulate railroads, and have the people elect senators by vote.

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This amendment worked to prohibit the manufacture, sale, and transport of alcoholic substances. This amendment was created in the hopes to have a decline in criminal activity related to alcohol, but in fact it actually did the opposite. Criminals increased their behind the scenes actions, buying alcohol illegally and selling it illegally. Those crimes became very widespread.

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Settlement houses were made to support poor people in urbanized areas as well as immigrants from Europe. As well as providing housing, they were also provided with education, health and child care, and job resources. Settlement houses were mainly run by middle and upper class women. Their hope was to take in these struggling people and families and help alleviate some if not all of their poverty related issues.

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Child labor was one of the largest issues during the Industrial Revolution. President William Taft was exposed to this issue and created a Children’s Bureau to help either the conditions that children were facing in factories, or just taking them out of work completely. Improvement of children’s welfare was the main goal of this bureau being created. They wanted to advocate for the children.

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Everyone knows the principal of Natural Selection among animals. Those who are fit to survive in their environment are the ones who eventually do. Social Darwinism is the theory that humans are subject to the same rules of Natural Selection that animals are. Whether it be applied to the business world, or just society in general, “survival of the fittest” could be heavily seen in the ways of the Industrial Revolution.

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Nativism was the belief that immigrants are not welcome into other places. That native people are better and their interests should be valued over those who are from other countries. This unfortunately turned into more than just resentment towards immigrants, it became violent. Nativism included many white people who supported immigrant restrictions.

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Ethnic Enclaves were specified areas where immigrants created somewhat of a mini-country in America. These can be seen today, places like Chinatown or Little Tokyo were built to replicate the country that the immigrants came from. These Ethnic Enclaves benefitted new immigrants by giving them a chance to find a familiar job and work their way into American society.

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Laissez-Faire was highly favored by robber barons during the industrial revolution. It was a way of the government having their “hands-off” of businessmen and how they ran their businesses. Of course the robber barons would love it, because it gave them even easier ways to rise to the top unfairly. The principals of Laissez-Faire have since been abandoned by many developing places, as they realized it gave businesses too much freedom.

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This movement applied Christian ethics and values to social problems, specifically economic inequality, poverty, alcoholism, crime, etc. The Social Gospel movement preached that you would be saved by God if you serviced the poor. They believed that the main purpose of being Christian was to change society, making individuals better people.

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Tenements were housing inhabited by low income citizens as many people moved to urban areas. They were created in the cities slums and were crowded and usually dirty, as many families lived in one tenement. They lacked toilets, showers, and flowing water. Tenements were built cheaply and quickly in order to be able to get people in houses as soon as possible in the growing populations of urban areas.

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Ellis Island is very significant to the East Coast during the industrial revolution because it was where all immigrants came into the country. The immigrant port was made Ellis Island because it was just off the coast of New York City and was a great port for ships as well. It wasn’t all great however, as many immigrants who came there were sent back to their original country. Many even died at Ellis Island because it took so long for them to get processed.

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The 17th Amendment gave the people the right to elect their senators by vote instead of them being elected by state legislature. It gave people more voting power and more involvement in the government of the state they lived in. It helped eliminate political corruption by political machines and helped Democratic views be reality.

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A political machine is a political party organization that works to gain enough votes to maintain control over states and cities. They controlled results of elections by giving out jobs to Americans who needed one, but only if the job receiver would vote for their side. They were also called Political Bosses. William Tweed was the most well known leader of political machines.

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Horizontal Integration is where large businesses are combined or owned by one business. It differs from Vertical Integration in the way that Horizontal works to combine businesses at the same level as one another instead of different levels. An example would be if two firms at the same economic level decide to merge to become a larger company.

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Vertical Integration is where one company owns all its competitors and their suppliers, distribution, and locations. One business takes ownership of pretty much the whole industry and grows to become very powerful. The powerful one takes control of the less powerful ones.

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Robber Barons were businessmen who dominated the industrial revolution. They used unfair practices to rise to the top of the economy. Some of their unfair practices included treating workers horribly, breaking laws, bribing the government, and they did this all under the radar. Robber Barons had a lot of indirect control over the government during this time, which made it hard for them to be overthrown. Even today, Robber Barons can be seen in society ruling over the economic world.

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The 19th Amendment is huge for women’s rights. It stated that anyone can vote, no matter gender. No longer would people be denied the right to vote based on being a woman. The passing of this amendment is one of the most major milestones in the constant battle for equal rights for women. President Woodrow Wilson was the one who signed this amendment with Susan B. Anthony in mind. Although this was a huge advancement for women, we fight even today for equal rights.