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ORGANISATION WORKING TO PRESERVE CORAL REEFS 

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ORGANISATION WORKING TO PRESERVE CORAL REEFS 

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1. CORAL CAY
2. NATIONAL CORAL REEF INSTITUTE
3. US DEPT. OF COMMERCE'S NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION (NOAA)
4.CORAL RESTORATION FOUNDATATION

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Coral reef ecosystems support important commercial, recreational, and subsistence fishery resources in the U.S and its territories. Fishing also plays a central social and cultural role in many island and coastal communities, where it is often a critical source of food and income.

The impacts from unsustainable fishing on coral reef areas can lead to the depletion of key reef species in many locations. Such losses often have a ripple effect, not just on the coral reef ecosystems themselves, but also on the local economies that depend on them. Additionally, certain types of fishing gear can inflict serious physical damage to coral reefs, seagrass beds, and other important marine habitats.

Coral reef fisheries, though often relatively small in scale, may have disproportionately large impacts on the ecosystem if conducted unsustainably. Rapid human population growth, increased demand, use of more efficient fishery technologies, and inadequate management and enforcement have led to the depletion of key reef species and habitat damage in many locations.

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How an oil spill affects corals depends on the species and maturity of the coral (e.g., early stages of life are very sensitive to oil) as well as the means and level of exposure to oil. Exposing corals to small amounts of oil for an extended period can be just as harmful as large amounts of oil for a brief time.

Coral reefs can come in contact with oil in three major ways:

1. Oil floating on the water’s surface can be deposited directly on corals in an intertidal zone when the water level drops at low tide.

2. Rough seas can mix lighter oil products into the water column (like shaking up a bottle of salad dressing), where they can drift down to coral reefs.

3. As heavy oil weathers or gets mixed with sand or sediment, it can become dense enough to sink below the ocean surface and smother corals below.

Once oil comes into contact with corals, it can kill them or impede their reproduction, growth, behavior, and development. The entire reef ecosystem can suffer from an oil spill, affecting the many species of fish, crabs, and other marine invertebrates that live in and around coral reefs.

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This reef system is important for many reasons, including the fact that it has unique characteristics regarding use and availability of light, and physicochemical water conditions

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SHINING LIGHT TO BRAZIL'S  SECRET CORAL REEF !!!1

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SHINING LIGHT TO BRAZIL'S  SECRET CORAL REEF !!!1

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http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/shining-light-brazils-secret-coral-reef-180958872/?no-ist

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The Amazon Reef (also referred to as the Amazonian Reef) is an extensive coral and sponge reef system, located in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of French Guiana and northern Brazil. It is one of the largest known reef systems in the world, with scientists estimating its length at over 1,000 kilometres (600 miles), and its area as over 9,300 km²(3,600 sq mi).

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Through a 20-day expedition scientists were able to capture the first-ever underwater images of the Amazon reef, located at the mouth of the Amazon River. But this reef is under threat from oil exploration. Act now to protect it: amazonreefs.org

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1.OCEAN BLEACHING Great Barrier Reef Hit By Bleaching For The Second Year In A Row .Bleaching happens when coral is exposed to higher than normal water temperatures. The unusual conditions "cause corals to expel tiny photosynthetic algae, called 'zooxanthellae,'

2 .Ocean Acidification

As more carbon dioxide (CO2) is released into the atmosphere, it also has adverse effects on the oceans. Recently, ocean acidification has emerged as another potentially serious threat to coral reefs. Seawater absorbs some of the excess CO2 from the atmosphere, causing the oceans to become more acidic. As a result, the oceans’ acidity has increased by 25 percent over the past 200 years. These acidic conditions dissolve coral skeletons, which make up the structure of the reef, and make it more difficult for corals to grow.