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A rapid change is like something fast. A volcano is a rapid change. When a volcano erupts, lava from the Earth's core bursts into the sky. Lava is called magma. Magma is molten rock. An earthquake is when two plates push against each other until one plate pops up and goes BOOM! An earthquake is the a titan shaking earth.

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Earth has many natural patterns like moon phases, seasons, and tides. Moonlight is reflected sunlight. One moon revolution is about 29 days. Waxing means that the moon gets bigger. Waning means that the moon gets smaller. A new moon to a full moon takes about 15 days. A tide is repeated rise and fall of water in oceans and bays. A tide is created by gravitational pull of the moon. Everyday had 2 low tides and 2 high tides. Beep tides are the lowest of all tides. Beep tides are created when the sun and the moon create a right angle. Spring tides are the highest of all tides. It is created when the sun, moon, and earth line up in a straight line. The seasons are fall, winter, spring, and summer. Seasons are made when the earth revolves around the sun as it rotates on its axis. Opposite hemispheres have opposite seasons. Like Texas has winter but Australia has summer. Then the day and night cycle happens the the earth rotates on its axis. The sun rises in the east and the sun sets in the west. One rotation equals 24 hours or one day.

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The order of planets is Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.

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Complete metamorphosis has four stages;
Egg, larva, pupa, and adult. Incomplete metamorphosis has three stages; egg, nymph, and adult.

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Inherited traits are traits that you got from you parents. A learned behavior is something that you learned from a peer. For example, if you have brown eyes, and your mom has brown eyes, you must have gotten it from offspring. For example if you learned how to tie your shoe, you learned something. An acquired trait is like a scar.

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Animals live in ecosystems. Animals depend on non-living organisms to live. There are producers, herbivores, omnivores, carnivores, scavengers, and decomposers. Producers are plants. They make their own food. Herbivores are animals that depend on plants as food. Omnivores are animals that depend on meat and plants for food. Carnivores are animals that only eat meat.

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The water cycle is powered by the sun. The first stage is evaporation. Evaporation is when water is heated up in the ocean and turned into a gas. The sun is the main power source of the water cycle. Then when the gas goes up in to the air, the next stage is condensation. Condensation is when the gas turns into drops of rain and turns into clouds. Lastly, the last stage is precipitation. Precipitation is the falling of rain, alert, or hail. When the clouds are formed, the extra rain the cloud fall down.

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Sedimentary rocks and fossil fuels are made over millions of years. Deposition is the first stage. Deposition is when the rock breaks down by rain, ice, and wind. Then the next step is erosion. Erosion is the process of the sediments moving by wind or water. Then comes deposition. Deposition is when the sediments finally land in a place. When more sediments pile up on each other, the taller the sedimentary rock will be. During another million years, heat, pressure, and cement action will keep the sedimentary rock together. This also makes fossil fuels like coal and oil.

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Light energy is what we can see in our eyes. Light can refract or reflect. Refract means that light bends. Reflect means it bounces off a surface. Light always goes in a straight line.

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Light energy is what we can see in our eyes. Light can refract or reflect. Refract means to bend. Reflect means to bounce back. Mechanical energy is what uses movement and force. When you write, you are using mechanical energy. Sound energy is produced by vibrating particles. When you put on loud music on a radio in a car, when you sit for awhile, you can feel the vibrating. Thermal energy is heat. When you rub your hands together, you can feel heat.

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Solutions are also called homogenous. Solutions have two parts, a solvent and a solute. A solvent is what the object is dissolved in. The solute is the object that is dissolved in the mixture. If you mix salt and water for awhile, the salt will look like it disappeared. It just was evenly mixed with the water. If you heat it up, the water will evaporate and the salt will be left.

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Properties of matter is what describes matter. The states of matter is a solid, liquid, and gas. Mass is the amount of matter in an object. Mass is measured in newtons. Newtons is named after Sir Issac Newton who discovered gravity. Density also called relative density is the ability sink or float. Imagine a metal cube and a foam cube. You put it in water and then the metal cube will sink and then the foam cube will float. It is because the metal cube is more dense than H2O. Heat figures out if the object is an insulator or a conductor.