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"The Yellow Book" was a leading British journal of the 1890s which was associated with Aestheticism and Decadence. The magazine contained a wide range of literary and artistic genres, poetry, short stories, essays, book illustration, portraits and reproductions of paintings

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Walter Pater (1839-94) is regarded as the theorist of the Aesthetic Movement in England. His works (Studies in the History of the Renaissance and Marius the Epicurean) had a deep influence on the poets and writers of the 1890s, and in particular on Oscar Wilde. They were immediately successful, because of their subversive and potentially "demoralising" message. He rejected faith and said that art was the only mean to stop time. He thought life should be lived "as a work of art". The artist was seen as the transcriber "not of the world, not of mere fact,  but of his sense of it". Art had nothing to do with morality and did not need to be didactic.

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The movement reflected the sense of frustration and uncertainty of the artist, his reaction against the materialism and the restrective moral code of the bourgeoisie and his need to re-define the role of art.
The artists withdrew from political and social scene and tried to live under what Gautier defined "Art for Art's Sake". This means they embodied a protest against the monotony and vulgarity of bourgeois life, leading an unconventional existence, pursuing sensation of excess and cultivating art and beauty.

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The Aesthetic Movement developed in the universities and intellectual circles in the last decade of 19th century. It began in France with Théophile Gautier (1811-72), but it spread all over the Europe. In England, Oscar Wilde is responsible for its becomeing fashonable and its greatest developement.

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The word "dandy" comes probably from the abbreviation of the name "Andrew", and was first used in the English song "Yankee Doodle Dandy", which made fun of American soldiers.

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The linkage of clothing with political protest had become a particularly English characteristic during the 18th century. Given these connotations, dandyism can be seen as a political protest against the levelling of egalitarian principles, often including nostalgic adherence to feudal or pre-industrial values, such as the ideals of "the perfect gentleman" or "the autonomous aristocrat"".

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A dandy could be a self-made man who strove to imitate an aristocratic lifestyle despite coming from a middle-class background, especially in late 18th- and early 19th-century Britain.

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Dandy is a term historically used to describe a man who places particular importance upon physical appearance, refined language, and leisurely hobbies, pursued with the appearance of nonchalance in a cult of self.