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https://www.genome.gov/26524120/chromosomes-fact-sheet/

www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/01/5/l_015_02.html

http://www.nytimes.com/books/first/s/schwartz-dog.html

https://www.thoughtco.com/g00/prehistoric-dogs-1093301?i10c.referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F

http://creationdesign.org/english/microevolution.html

https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Dog_Development

https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Talk:Dog_Development

http://www.differencebetween.net/science/nature/difference-between-wolf-and-dog/
www.cell.com/current-biology/abstract/S0960-9822(15)00432-7

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This shows how the dogs are an ancestor of the grey wolf.

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Dogs are an example of micro-evolution. When dogs with different characteristics breed, an entirely different dog may result. A red dog with long legs breeding with a white dog with short legs may produce a dog with medium size legs and red spots.

Also dogs have the ability to distinguish the directional origin of a noise. This is an adaptation that is useful for hunting, because dogs can hear the sound of prey attempting to flee or hide, even if they cannot see their targets. The physical part of this adaptation involves a deep ear canal, which gives dogs superior hearing when compared with humans.

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Dogs were just a loose category of wolves until around 15,000 years ago, when our ancestors tamed and began to manage them. We fed them, bred them, and spread them from continent to continent. While other wolf descendants died out, dogs grew into a new species. We invented the dog.

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Dogs and wolves both diverged from a common ancestor called the Grey Wolf. Dogs and wolves diverged in many places all over the world, each their own separate occasion, rather than just one single isolated event. Genomic research was conducted to compare mitochondrial DNA to indicate the presence of shared ancestry. Taking 162 wolves from various parts of the world as well as 140 dogs of 60 different breeds, it is found that dogs and wolves have shared ancestry by how similar their DNA sequences are

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Both of the embryos look relatively similar except for some slight differences.

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All of the canines have long muzzles and sharp teeth, which is why they have been successful throughout the years. They use their teeth to catch and eat their prey.

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The wolf, coyote, jackal, and domestic dog all have 78 chromosomes arranged in 39 pairs.

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The divergent evolution of wolves and domesticated dogs from a common ancestor, perhaps the grey wolf, provides another example. Recent studies of the mitochondrial DNA of wolves and of domesticated dogs have found great divergence while also supporting the hypothesis that dogs descend from wolves

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The fossils look the same, indicating that natural selection has occurred throughout the animals.  All of the dogs have long muzzles and sharp teeth, helping them to catch their prey better and helping them to survive. The canines on the mouth have been known to have very sharp and long teeth. This helps us to know that their ancestors were accustomed to eating large animals and taking down prey.

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Darwin thought they might come from multiple sources, including the wolf, jackal and coyote, thereby in part explaining their diversity. The DNA evidence, however, shows that they are all derived from the wolf. DNA from all dogs is over 99% identical to that of a wolf, while the wolf and coyote DNAs, for example, are over 4% different from each other. This means, surprisingly, that all of the diversity of dog types in the world today came from a single source, the wolf. Gray wolves and coyotes shared a common ancestor about 2 million years ago, and their mitochondrial DNA differs by about 4 percent. Recent DNA studies have shown that the Golden Jackal is that the "jackal" was actually a relative of a North African wolf.

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Pliocene Age
5 million years ago

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Holocene to Pleistocene
11,500 years ago

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Upper Paleolithic (33,000 years ago)

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51 million years old (Paleocene)

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Early Pleistocene (1.8 million years ago)

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Kingdom- Animalia
Phylum- Chordata
Class- Mammalia
Order- Carnivora
Family- Canidae
Genus- Included in Canis
Species- Canis aureus

Location
Southeastern and central Europe, Asia Minor, the Middle East and South Asia and Africa

Habitat
In Africa, they are found in semi-desert and short to medium grasslands and Savannahs. In India and Bangladesh, they can be found in forested, mangrove, agricultural, rural, and semi-urban habitats.

Physical
The body length of the golden jackal is 70 to 85 cm., with a tail length of about 25 cm. Its standing height is approximately 40 cm. The fur is generally coarse and not very long. Its coat is usually yellow to pale gold and brown-tipped, but the color can vary with season and region

Behavior
Usually does not hunt any animals that are bigger than it. They behave the same way as dogs and wolves.

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Kingdom- Animalia
Phylum- Chordata
Class- Mammilia
Order- Carnivora
Family- Canidae
Genus- Canis
Species- lupus

Location
Canada, Alaska, northern rockies and pasific northwest.

Habitat
Wolves can thrive in a diversity of habitats from the tundra to woodlands, forests, grasslands and deserts.

Physical
Keen senses, large canine teeth, powerful jaws, and the ability to pursue prey at 37 miles per hour,  backbone, and fur

Behavior
Facial expressions- Wolves may indicate dominate behavior by baring teeth and pointing erect ears forward. Subordinate behavior may be indicated by closed mouths, slit-like eyes, and ears pulled back and held close to the head

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COMMON NAME: | Arctic fox, white fox
KINGDOM: | Animalia
PHYLUM: | Chordata
CLASS: | Mammalia
ORDER: | Carnivora
FAMILY: | Canidae
GENUS SPECIES: | Alopex lagopus

Location
The Arctic fox is found throughout the entire Arctic tundra, through Alaska, Canada, Greenland, Russia, Norway,Scandinavia, and even Iceland, where it is the only native land mammal.

Habitat
Arctic and alpine tundra (treeless area), usually in coastal areas. Arctic foxes build dens in low mounds (1-4 m high) in the open tundra or in a pile of rocks at the base of a cliff.

Physical
Dense, furry coat keeps it warm in the winter, small rounded ears control sound location and heat loss, backbone

Behavior
moving from place to place in search of food. Arctic Foxes do not hibernate, so they are able to produce up to two litters a year. The mating and birthing season is between September and May. In the summer, they live in family groups made up of a male, one or two females, and the kits. The second female is a leftover kit from the previous season and doesn't mate, but helps to raise the young. They bark to communicate with each other

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In the Canidae family there many different animals within it such as the dog, fox, coyote, wolf, fox, ect.

Each of these animals has
Backbone
Fur
Good sense of smell
Sharp teeth