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Definition: act or omission that gives rise to injury or harm to another and amounts to a civil wrong for which courts impose liability.
Ex: throwing a punch in a fight is intentionally engaging in destructive behavior. A plaintiff can file an intentional tort suit in this situation.

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Definition: the system of law which is based on judges' decisions and on custom rather than on written laws.
Ex:  a rule that a judge made that says that people have a duty to read contracts.

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Definition: the written law established by enactments expressing the will of the legislature, as distinguished from the unwritten law or common law.

Ex: A police officer pulls you over, and you are given a citation for violating the speed limit. You have broken a vehicle and traffic law.

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Definition: a decision that is the basis or reason for future decisions.
Ex: the legal decision in Brown v. Board of Education guiding future laws about desegregation.

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Definition: the official power to make legal decisions and judgments.
Ex: the court has jurisdiction to apply federal law.

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Definition:  the type of law that deals with crime punishment. Criminal law usually pertains to cases that affect the public .

Ex:  cases of burglary, assault, battery and cases of murder.

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Definition: rights carved out in the federal and state constitutions.
Ex:  Civil rights practice

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Definition: set of laws which is concerned with the private affairs of citizens, for example, marriage and property ownership, rather than with crime.
Ex: murder, assault, theft,and drunken driving.

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Definition: the body of law that regulates the operation and procedures of government agencies.
Ex: various public laws pertaining to rules, procedures, and regulations of a government agency.

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Definition: relative number of prisoners who, after being released, return to prison or jail because they have committed another crime.
Ex: a robber gets out of prison and a year later he commits another crime and gets caught again.

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Definition: the rules of procedural law that consists of both hearing and determining cases in criminal proceedings, civil lawsuits or administrative proceedings by constitutional courts.
Ex: Executive actions or orders made by the President

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Definition: the court hears an appeal from a court of original jurisdiction.
Ex: State courts of appeal

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Definition: power to hear a case for the first time, as opposed to appellate jurisdiction, when a higher court has the power to review a lower court's decision.
Ex: the 1998 case of State of New Jersey v. State of New York

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Definition: a constitutional right to reject a decision or proposal made by a law-making body.
Ex: President Gerald R. Ford’s decision to veto the Freedom of Information Act in 1974

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Definition: a permanent committee that meets regularly.
Ex: the Appropriations Committees recommend legislation to provide budget authority for federal agencies and programs.

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Definition: a group of people that seeks to influence public policy on the basis of a particular common interest or concern.
Ex: U.S. Chamber of Commerce and the National Association of Manufacturers

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Definition:  retaining the bill unsigned until it is too late for it to be dealt with during the legislative session.
Ex: "Obama will use an executive procedure known as a “pocket veto” to send the legislation"

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Definition: a person who takes part in an organized attempt to influence legislators.
Ex: American Civil Liberties Union

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Definition: being a voting member of a community or organization and having the power to appoint or elect.
Ex: registered voter.

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Definition: temporary, ad hoc panel composed of House and Senate conferees which is formed for the purpose of reconciling differences in legislation that has passed both chambers
Ex: resolve bicameral differences on major and controversial legislation.

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Definition: a prolonged speech that obstructs progress in a legislative assembly while not technically contravening the required procedures.
Ex: Likewise, Senator Strom Thurmond once talked against a civil rights bill in the 1950s for 24 hours and 18 minutes

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Definition: a procedure for ending a debate and taking a vote
Ex: A minimum of 16 senators must sign a petition for cloture.