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One of the many effects of countries trying to expand is that the expanding country can bring many diseases with them, but also the natives can also give the expanding country some of their own diseases. For example when Jacques Cartier was sent by King Francis I to explore the Canadian area, him and his crew would end up getting sick from a disease called scurvy, which is caused from a deficiency of vitamin C, but the Iroquois showed him a remedy that would help them get through it. This effect is negative, because many people have died, or been injured from countries bringing foreign diseases to other countries.

Another common effect is the trade that occurs between different people during exploration. For example, during Cartier's voyages to the Canadian area he would often trade knives, and other iron goods to the Iroquois in exchange for other things like fur. I think this one is very positive, because trade often helps both sides of the interaction. It also creates a better bond between the two sides of the trade.

One final common effect of expansion is that wars or battles can break out between different parties. In Cartier's case it was between the country expanding and the natives. During Cartier's final voyage when he was setting up the settlement that he was sent to set up, the Iroquois killed 35 of the settlers because Cartier had accidentally killed 9 other Iroquois tribe members. this caused Cartier to abandon the project of setting up a settlement. The other case is when a country gets into a civil war after populating the area (which could be caused by many different things) we could see this in the American Civil War. I think this is also very negative because many people die due to these wars, also they cost countries lots of money to participate in these wars.

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“Jacques Cartier.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 9 Nov. 2009, www.history.com/topics/exploration/jacques-cartier.

“Jacques Cartier.” Biography.com, A&E Networks Television, 27 Apr. 2017, www.biography.com/people/jacques-cartier-9240128.

Eccles, W.J. “Jacques Cartier.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 28 Aug. 2018, www.britannica.com/biography/Jacques-Cartier.

Yost, Russell. “Jacques Cartier Facts, Biography, Accomplishments, Voyages.” Jacques Cartier, The History Junkie, 30 Aug. 2018, thehistoryjunkie.com/jacques-cartier-facts/.

“Jacques Cartier.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 11 Oct. 2018, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier.

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Left Behind - Cartier was actually the one that started the fur trade when he first went to the Iroquois area he offered knives, iron goods, and a red hat for the chief.

Brought Back - and in that trade above  the Iroquois gave Cartier fur that he brought back to France.
Cartier also accidentally gave Canada its name. When he was talking to the chief, the chief said "kanata" and Cartier thought he was referring to the whole country, and not just the Iroquois town they were in. Cartier brought that back to France and by 1547 all of the French were calling it Canada and it was printed on all of their maps.

Impact - First off, the fur trade completely exploded, and we all know how that turned out. The iron goods and knives also had a good impact on the Iroquois because they could become more advanced with the tools and they could do much more with them than with what they had. Cartier bringing back Canada to France wasn't positive or negative, but I think it's just kind of cool that a country is named after a misunderstanding between Carter and the Iroquois chief.

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The first image is from a 1908 Canadian postage stamp that was commemorating Cartier's legacy on Canada by showing an image of one of his fleets.
The second image is a map (from 1543) showing everything that Cartier discovered in the Canadian area, also I'm not sure if this map is from his or someone else.

The difference between the 2 is that the first is from a postage stamp that was commemorating his legacy on the country of Canada, and the second is from when someone mapped his discoveries (in the Canadian area) giving people like me a better idea of what he discovered and where.

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1. During his first voyage, Cartier was searching around the gulf of the St. Lawrence river and he discovered the Iroquois. At first they had a positive relationship until Cartier took 2 of the captain's sons, after that the captain said it was fine as long as Cartier returned them and brought more European goods to trade with in his next voyage. After all of that there was some positive and some negative effects, Cartier had took 2 of the captain's sons, but he was also bringing back more European goods to increase trade.

2. During his second voyage, he was stranded by the rough winter along the St. Lawrence river near and Iroquois city named Hochelaga. He then decided to go back up the river a bit to another Iroquois city named Stadacona and set up a temporary camp. During this time his men all started to get a disease called scurvy (caused by a vitamin C deficiency). Despite their past interactions the Iroquois told Cartier about something to help him. They told him to boil bark from a white spruce tree. It worked and the Iroquois leader actually went back to France to tell King Francis about the natural resources to be found in the Iroquois land. This had a very positive effect, because it increased that trust between the Iroquois and the French even more, which made France want to go back there more.

3. During his third voyage he was sent to found a permanent settlement along the St. Lawrence river. He did that, fortified it, and called it Charlsbourg-Royal. Cartier somehow managed to anger the Iroquois, and they went to the settlement and killed 35 of the settlers while Cartier was gone. After this Cartier did not believe he had enough manpower to defend to settlement from future Iroquois attacks. he returned to France and abandoned the project. This obviously had a negative impact because the French lost 35 lives, and lots of resources from building the settlement. The Iroquois also had lost trust in the French after this interaction.

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Gold - During Cartier's first voyage King Francis I sent him in search of gold, spices, and other riches.

During his second voyage King Francis I sent him in search of the exact same thing, but with more men this time (110 instead of 61).

Positive/Negative - both, in searching for the things he was sent for, he found many new things (like Prince Edward Island) but also didn't find exactly what he was looking for.

Glory - During his second voyage King Francis I also sent Cartier in search of a passage through America to reach Asia.

During his third and final voyage with France Cartier was sent to establish a permanent settlement along the St. Lawrence river, but broke the trust of the Iroquois when he didn't return 9 of the 10 Iroquois people he kidnapped died. because of that the Iroquois attacked the settlement and killed 35 settlers, and Cartier abandoned the mission.

Positive/Negative - mostly negative, during his second voyage he didn't find what he was looking for, and in his third voyage he broke the trust of the Iroquois and made France back away from the Canada area for a while.