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1. A website (HTML, CSS, JavaScipt files) must be hosted on a web server in order for it to be accessible for people to access over the World Wide Web.

2. The two main types of web hosting available are shared (alongside other people)  and dedicated (a web server that you own).

3. Shared Hosting

Advantages:

Cheap since the host is spread with the other people who you are sharing the web server with.

Disadvantages:
You are limited in terms of resources such as RAM usage and CPU speed.

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What must a website be hosted on for it to be available on the internet?
A web host, or web hosting service provider, is a business that provides the technologies and services needed for the website or webpage to be viewed in the Internet. Websites are hosted, or stored, on special computers called servers. ... Most hosting companies require that you own your domain in order to host with them.
What are the two different options of hosting a website?
Cloud hosting
Dedicated server hosting

What are the advantages of both options?

Dedicated server hosting:

This option gives website owners the most control over the server that their website is  stored on. The server is exclusively rented by you and your website is the only one  stored on the server. You have full root and admin access, which means control over everything from security to operating system. All that control comes with a price.

Cloud costing:

Cloud hosting is the current buzzword of the hosting industry. It’s just a marketing term and “Cloud” can mean different things in different contexts.

Using as much as they need without having to build and maintain their own computing infrastructure in-house. The resources required for maintaining your website are spread across more than one web server, reducing the chance of any downtime due to server malfunction.

Cloud-based hosting is scalable, meaning your site can grow over time, using as much resource as it requires and you only pay for what you need.

What are the disadvantages of each option?
Dedicated server hosting:

Dedicated servers - which some vendors call Bare Metal Servers - cost more than all of the other options and are really only worth it for those with high traffic that need high control levels and a better performing server. A high level of technical expertise is required for the installation and ongoing management of the server.

Cloud hosting:

With hosting, it means many computers working together, running applications using combined computing resources. It’s a hosting solution that works via a network, like the internet, and enables companies to consume the computing resource like a utility e.g. gas or electricity.

Find examples of companies that provide these services?

1. InMotion Web Hosting - 4.6/5. Best overall web hosting provider.

2. 1&1 IONOS - 4/5. Best for business.

3. HostGator web hosting - 4/5. Best value for money.

4. GoDaddy web hosting - 4/5.

5. Bluehost web hosting - 4/5.

6. Tsohost web hosting - 4/5.

7. Wix web hosting - 4/5.

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An Internet Service Provider (ISP) is a company such as AT&T, Verizon, Comcast, or BrightHouse that provides Internet access to companies, families, and even mobile users. ISPs use fiber-optics, satellite, copper wire, and other forms to provide Internet access to its customers.

Examples of ISP:

• TalkTalk
• BT openzone
• Virgin Media
• Sky
• Plusnet
• Comcast
• Deutsche TelekomVerizon Communications.

Although Virgin media currently provides the fasted bandwidth speeds as of 2019 depending on the areas of coverage they offer up to 350 mbps.

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The World Wide Web (WWW), commonly known as the Web, is an information space where documents and other web resources are identified by Uniform Resource Locators (URLs, such as https://www.example.com/), which may be interlinked by hypertext, and are accessible over the Internet.[1] The resources of the WWW may be accessed by users by a software application called a web browser.

English scientist Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1989. He wrote the first web browser in 1990 while employed at CERN near Geneva, Switzerland.[2][3] The browser was released outside CERN in 1991, first to other research institutions starting in January 1991 and then to the general public in August 1991. The World Wide Web has been central to the development of the Information Age and is the primary tool for billions of people to interact on the Internet.[4][5][6]

Web resources may be any type of downloaded media, but web pages are hypertext media that have been formatted in Hypertext Markup Language (HTML).[7] Such formatting allows for embedded hyperlinks that contain URLs and permit users to navigate to other web resources. In addition to text, web pages may contain images, video, audio, and software components that are rendered in the user's web browser as coherent pages of multimedia content.

Multiple web resources with a common theme, a common domain name, or both, make up a website. Websites are stored in computers that are running a program called a web server that responds to requests made over the Internet from web browsers running on a user's computer. Website content can be largely provided by a publisher, or interactively where users contribute content or the content depends upon the users or their actions. Websites may be provided for a myriad of informative, entertainment, commercial, governmental, or non-governmental

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what is the hypertext transfer Protocol

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol ) - Although other protocols can be used such as FTP, this is the most common protocol. It was developed specifically for the World Wide Web and favored for its simplicity and speed. This protocol requests the 'HTML' document from the server and serves it to the browser.

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Difference between internet and WWW The Internet is a global network of networks while the Web,  is collection of information which is accessed via the Internet. more_vertwhy was the internet createdwhy was the internet createdThe internet has taken a lot of forms over the years. It began with the developement of ARPANET ( Advanced Research Project Agency Network) which was funded by DARPA (Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency) for the sole purpose of having a defense network that could function in the time of a nuclear war.Timeline of the internetTimeline of the internet Forty-five years ago (October 29, 1969), the first ARPAnet (later to be known as the Internet) link was established between UCLA and SRI. Twenty-five years ago (March 1989), Tim Berners-Lee circulated a proposal for “Mesh” (later to be known as the World Wide Web) to his management at CERN. 

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Difference between internet and WWW The Internet is a global network of networks while the Web,  is collection of information which is accessed via the Internet. more_vertwhy was the internet createdwhy was the internet createdThe internet has taken a lot of forms over the years. It began with the developement of ARPANET ( Advanced Research Project Agency Network) which was funded by DARPA (Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency) for the sole purpose of having a defense network that could function in the time of a nuclear war.Timeline of the internetTimeline of the internet Forty-five years ago (October 29, 1969), the first ARPAnet (later to be known as the Internet) link was established between UCLA and SRI. Twenty-five years ago (March 1989), Tim Berners-Lee circulated a proposal for “Mesh” (later to be known as the World Wide Web) to his management at CERN. 

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urlTTT

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Using an example- explain where the domain name appears in a website dress

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Using an example- explain where the domain name appears in a website dress

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google.com after the https://

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What must be considered when choosing a domain name 

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What must be considered when choosing a domain name 

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1. 1. Make it easy to type. Finding a domain name that's easy to type is critical to online success. ...

2. Keep it short. ...

3. Use keywords. ...

4. Target your area. ...

5. Avoid numbers and hyphens. .

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what else can be considered if the user mistypes the website address 

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what else can be considered if the user mistypes the website address 

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you can type it in google and you should be able to find it there. there is also a chance that you will be taken straight to google when you mistype the adress.

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a proxy server is a server that acts as an intermediary for requests from clients seeking resources from other servers

A proxy server can act as an intermediary between the user's computer and the Internet to prevent from attack and unexpected access

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An email server, or simply mail server, is an application or computer in a network whose sole purpose is to act as a virtual post office. The server stores incoming mail for distribution to local users and sends out outgoing messages.

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In computing, the Post Office Protocol (POP) is an application-layer Internet standard protocol used by e-mail clients to retrieve e-mail from a mail server

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Sky Broadband Unlimited charges £18.99 for 12 months

Plusnet Unlimited Broadband charges £19.99 for 12 months

Talk Talk Broadband charges £19.95 for 24 months

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One purpose of a web server is to host HTML, CSS, JavaScript and any other web-related files, documents or images that are used to create the website.

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What is webmail?
Webmail are web-based email accounts. These are usually free email accounts that are operated from a website. Webmail allows the users to access their emails as long as they have access to an Internet connection and a web browser. This also means that the user cannot read an old email or draft a new email offline.

Examples
Gmail
Hotmail
Yahoo mail

How does it work?

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The first web browser was named "WorldWideWeb" and was developed by Tim Berners-Lee while working at CERN in December 1990.

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What a browser does:

Examples of the main current browsers:

• Microsoft Edge
• Internet Explorer
• Safari
• Google Chrome
• Opera
• Puffin
• Firefox

Up to date breakdown of the market share: