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Sit-ins were nonviolent, visual tactics that enforced the idea that separate is not equal. On February 1, 1960, 4 African American students asked for service at Woolworth's in Greensboro, North Carolina. They were refused and asked to leave because of the race, but they decided to stay and "Sit-in." These four began a movement. As other people saw segregation as more of an issue now, they attempted to prove their point by sitting-in, quietly and patiently.
Significance to the Civil Rights Movement
The Sit-Ins enforced nonviolence. Although people who participated in these demonstrations were hit with flying food, they didn't fight back. As the first group was arrested, another group of student would fill in the seats to continue their mission. Acting with violence would defeat the purpose of the sit-ins. This was resolved as local business owners changed their policies, ending the segregation in their stores and restaurants. Soon nation chains began to follow. Sit-ins were important because it was all started by the young generation of African Americans who grew impatient with the slow pace of change.

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The Freedom Riders were a group of people, 7 African Americans and 6 whites, who travelled on buses through the South. They took stops at public facilities and all the African Americans used them no matter what. Their goals were to:

1. to have court order enforced - integration

2. create crisis where Federal government would have to act.

They took place from May 4, 1961 – December 10, 1961. "Their plan was to reach New Orleans, Louisiana, on May 17 to commemorate the seventh anniversary of the Supreme Court’s Brown v. Board of Education decision, which ruled that segregation of the nation’s public schools was unconstitutional."
Significance to the Civil Rights Movement
People all over the south saw the effect of the Riders. Although they turned violent, and the bus was ultimately bombed in it's last location, the Riders proved their determination. The group was disbanded by CORE, but the SNCC who led the rides weren't ready to quit just because of violence. These demonstrations were similar to the Sit-Ins that began in 1960. They both illustrated tactics and were visual representations of the determination. They both also used direct nonviolent methods, which frequently provoked violence.

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Martin Luther King Jr. presented his "I Have a Dream" speech on August 28, 1963.  At the base of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, DC during the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, King proudly stood rephrasing Lincoln's words of the Gettysburg Address. He appeals to unity all Americans by saying, "It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream." All participants in the march were actively listening and engaged in his speech and hopes for the future. His goals of integration are hopefully not to far down the road. Although King is killed 5 years later, in 1968, he had a powerful impact on the Civil Rights Movement.
Significance to the Civil Rights Movement
Martin Luther King Jr. was an active Civil Rights Activist. He brought the movement north to Chicago after seeing millions of African Americans being neglected. His speech in 1963 brought hope to the March on Washington. Referring back to all different times in history, King made it a point to argue end segregation for all. His claims back to times of slavery made more people feel empathetic towards the situation.

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Rosa Parks & The Montgomery Bus Boycotts (1955)

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Rosa Parks & The Montgomery Bus Boycotts (1955)

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On December 1, 1955, the seamstress from one of the department stores was just trying to get home. This innocent seamstress was Rosa Parks. Parks refused to give up her seat for a white person on a bus. This started a new revolution and gave more people a fire to fight with. She sat in the first row of the color section and as the bus got fuller, she was demanded to get up. She was arrested and fined $10. The events triggered by her arrest changed the United States.
Significance to the Civil Rights Movement
It started a group called the MIA (Montgomery Improvement Association) which organized boycotts. The MIA hoped for 50% support among African Americans. Then, 99% African Americans then refused to ride buses. Finally, in 1956, the supreme court declared that segregation on buses was unconstitutional. It also created an up roar in the south and put Martin Luther King J in national spotlight.

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Remembering Martin Luther King Jr.'s Famed 'I Have a Dream' Speech

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President Lyndon B. Johnson address to the Class of 1964 of the University of Michigan became known as his "Great Society" Speech. On May 22, 1964, Johnson outlined his plans for making America a great place for all people to live. The term was unveiled first at LBJ's speech at Ohio University, but his Michigan commencement speech became known as the full explanation. In Ann Arbor, MI, Johnson expressed his interest in the importance of education, for all people, no matter what race. He says: "The Great Society rests on abundance and liberty for all. It demands an end to poverty and racial injustice, to which we are totally committed in our time." "The Great Society" was just beginning at the time of this address.
Significance to Civil Rights Movement
Johnson's new plans continued the visions of President Kennedy after his assassination. "The Great Society" generally promoted better life for all Americans. With regards to the environment and natural beauty as well as education, this was meant to aid all people in America, no matter what race. His plans were meant to diminish racial inequalities, end poverty, and reduce crime. His implications of the Higher Education Act, Head Start, Omnibus Housing Act, and Medicaid and Medicare, were put in place to change the nation for the better.

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President Lyndon B. Johnson's "Great Society" Speech

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On September 4, 1957, a group of students attempted to go to school. Little Rock Nine is a group of nine black students who enrolled into a high school. Their attendance was a test to the Brown v. Board of Education case. In the verdict of the Brown v. Board of Education case, there was no specification on how schools should be integrated. They were severely harassed as they simply tried to walk in the building.
Significance to the Civil Rights Movement.
Governor Orval, ordered the Arkansas National Guard to prevent African American students from entering the school. The all white school was named Central High. This then caused the little rock crisis. They were testing a landmark that was ruled by the supreme court. The NAACP then adopted a plan to help integrate schools in the area. The group soon became popular for changing the course of segregation in the United States.

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This movement ruled that segregation is public school was unconstitutional. The case began in December of 1952, but wasn't settled until May 17, 1954 by the Supreme Court of the United States. It also brought to light that "seperate-but-equal" practices were not equal. In the 1950's, the NAACP was trying to work against segregation laws in public schools. Oliver Brown filed a law suit against the board of education in Kansas because his daughter wasn't allowed to study in all-white schools.
Significance to the Civil Rights Movement
This case showed that segregation was in violation of the 14th amendment and it is unconstitutional. The verdict was ruled by the Supreme Court. This will then on prohibit states from denying equal protection of the US law to anyone without justification. This was an important moment for african americans attending schools because it allowed them to freely learn in schools of choice. Before, they weren't granted the privileges what kids there age had.