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Types of Clauses | Two Main Types | Three Dependent Types | What is Clause?

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Dependent Clauses:  Adverbial, Adjectival, Nominal

Dependent clauses may work like adverbs, adjectives, or nouns in complex sentences.

1. Adverbial clauses

Like a single-word adverb, an adverbial clause describes a verb (in the sentence's main clause) and answers one of these questions

where?           why?           how?           when?            to what degree?

An adverbial clause begins with a subordinating conjunction, which makes the clause subordinate (dependent).

Common subordinating conjunctions:

after | in order (that) | unless
although | insofar as | until
as | in that | when
as far as | lest | whenever
as soon as | no matter how | where
as if | now that | wherever
as though | once | whether
because | provided (that) | while
before | since | why
even if | so that |
even though | supposing (that) |
how | than |
if | that |
inasmuch as | though |
in case (that) | till |

Example of adverbial clause answering when?

When will the flowers bloom?   Answer:  when spring arrives

Example of adverbial clause answering why?

Why didn't the poor woman have money?  Answer:  because she had lost her job

Example of adverbial clause answering where?

Where is there fire?   Answer:  where there is smoke

Example of adverbial clause answering how?

How did he answer the question?  Answer:  as if he knew the subject quite well

Example of adverbial clause answering to what degree?

To what degree of lateness will Jones arrive?  Answer:  (later) than Smith (will arrive)

Another example of an adverbial clause answering to what degree?

To what degree is he young?  Answer: (younger) than his brother (is)

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Two or more independent clauses can be joined by using coordinating conjunctions ( and, but, for, nor, or, so, and yet) or by using semicolons. The most important thing to remember is that an independent clause can stand alone as a complete sentence.In the following example, the independent clause is a simple sentence.	Erica brushed her long, black hair.Next, the coordinating conjunction and joins two independent clauses.	Fernando left, and Erica brushed her long, black hair.Next, a semicolon joins two independent clauses.	Fernando left; Erica brushed her long, black hair.All sentences must include at least one independent clause.	After she told Fernando to leave, Erica brushed her long, black hair.

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Two or more independent clauses can be joined by using coordinating conjunctions ( and, but, for, nor, or, so, and yet) or by using semicolons. The most important thing to remember is that an independent clause can stand alone as a complete sentence.In the following example, the independent clause is a simple sentence.	Erica brushed her long, black hair.Next, the coordinating conjunction and joins two independent clauses.	Fernando left, and Erica brushed her long, black hair.Next, a semicolon joins two independent clauses.	Fernando left; Erica brushed her long, black hair.All sentences must include at least one independent clause.	After she told Fernando to leave, Erica brushed her long, black hair.