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- Chivalry is a complex set of ideals demanded that a knight fight bravely in defense of three masters.
- Knights protected the weak and poor.
- The ideal knight was loyal, brave, and courteous, but most knights failed to meet these standards.
- Sons of nobles began training for knighthood at an early age and learned to code of chivalry.
-  At the age of 14 boys become squires(servants of knights), and became a true knight at the age of 21
- After becoming a knight, most men traveled for a year or two.
-  Some knights participated in tournaments, which were mock battles that usually ended up being brutal and bloody.
-  By the 1100's massive walls and guard towers enriched stone castles, these fortresses were designed for defense.

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Greek fire was used in war. The cool thing about Greek fire is that it ignites when it comes in contact with water.
The war saddle was introduced in the 6th century.

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Most women in feudal society were powerless, just as most men were. Women also had the burden of being thought as inferior to men. This was the Church's view and was generally accepted in society.Peasant women performed endless labor around the homes and the fields. They were in charge of raising and taking care of the children. Noblewomen could inherit an estate from her husband, they needed permission from their husbands for most things. They played a key role in protecting the castles. Women did play an important role in the lives of both noble and peasant families.

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- In order to defend their territories from invaders, feudal lords raised their own private armies consisting of highly skilled Knights.
- In exchange for their services, Lords rewarded Knights with fiefs from their abundance of wealth. This provided the knights with an incentive to protect the land.
- Lords demanded that Knights serve at least 40 days in combat a year.
- In their free time, Knights often trained, hunted, and wrestled in order to sharpen their skills on the battlefield.

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Mounted soldiers on horseback where extremely popular during the middle ages. Especially during Charlemagne's grandfathers rule. These soldiers where called knights. Along with knights Lords would often buy or build Trebuchets. They worked like giant sling shots. Siege towers where also popular to get over castle walls. Battering rams where used to breach castle walls and tortoises where small mobile house like structures that shielded soldiers from arrows.

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Literature glorified and idolized castle  life. Songs and poems were often popular in expressing a knights undying love for a lady. The Song of Roland was the earliest and most popular epic poems. Under chivalry, a knights duty to his lady was almost as important as his duty to his lord. Troubadours were traveling poet-musicians. They would often compose songs about the joys and sorrows of romantic love. Some songs were from knights for women they probably would never win. The most celebrated woman's name was Elanor of Aquitaine who gave birth to two kings, Richard the Lion-Hearted and John.

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Knights past time revolved around training for war
-  Warriors ate roasted chicken, roasted pig and fish. Usually ate ------ the ate Beef and mutton but deer was eaten after hunting

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By the 1100's giant walls and towers surrounded castles and the people in them. Castles were designed for defense and a castle under siege was a gory sight.

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Two inch iron spikes would be spread out on battle fields to injure the feet of enemies and horses

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1. Gothic art grew out of Romanesque art.
2. Majority of the literature produced during the Middle Ages was written by religious clerics and monks.
3. Romanesque art was influenced by both the Romans and Byzantine Art.

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- Defenders of a castle would pour boiling water, hot oil or molten lead onto enemy soldiers.
- Castles dominated much of the country side
- Archers shot bows that were sharp enough to penetrate full armor

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-A castle was a fortress made primarily for defense
-Not everyone had armor

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-Most soldiers were recruits from nearby towns and had no protection and died very gruesome deaths, like having arms/legs cut off.
-A knights sword was their most important weapon. The great sword ranged from 50-70 inches long and weighed about six to ten pounds

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When a castle was getting attacked defenders would pour boiling water, hot oil, or molten lead on enemies. They would also fire deadly bolts that could pierce full armor. They would also sometimes torture captured enemies with things like the Judas Cradle where people would have to sit on a pyramid shaped spike.

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They used pole arms, Battle ax, Mace, Bow and arrow, Spear and more

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They would launch captured soldiers out of trebuchets, which worked like giant slingshots.

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Often under siege those in a castle would send out a barrage of arrows on to their invaders with crossbows

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Noble woman under the feudal system could inherit an estate from her husband.
Woman could also send knights to war.
Peasant woman performed endless labor around the home and often fields.
Females in in peasant families were poor and powerless.

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-Knights were devoted to their earthly feudal Lord, his heavenly Lord, and his chosen lady.
- At age 7 boys were sent off to the castle of another lord and practiced his fighting skills.
-Arrows had the ability to pierce through full armor.

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Women were in charge of the kitchen and oversaw the preparation of meals. They were also in charge of entertainment and could command an army of their own.