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(posted by Rohith and Reeves)

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Air and Water Pollution (posted by Rohith, Brajesh, Reeves)

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Air and Water Pollution (posted by Rohith, Brajesh, Reeves)

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What is air and water pollution?
Air pollution is mostly produced by factories and greenhouses. It is very harmful to human beings and animals. It occurs when harmful or excessive quantities of substances including gases, particulates, and biological molecules are introduced into Earth' atmosphere.

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The world's most polluted city(posted by Rohith and Brajesh)

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The world's most polluted city(posted by Rohith and Brajesh)

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Kanpur,India, is one of the most polluted city in the world. The city of Kanpur in northern India has an annual PM2.5 level of 173 micrograms per cubic meter, far higher than the WHO's(world health organisation)recommendation of no more than 10 mcg per cubic meter. .

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People who died because of pollution in different countries.

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People who died because of pollution in different countries.

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(Posted by Reeves and Brajesh)

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The annual State of Global Air Report was published on Tuesday by the Health Effects Institute (HEI) and it found that over 95 percent of the world's population is breathing unhealthy air. Long-term exposure to air pollution contributed to the deaths of 6.1 million people in 2016 with strokes, heart attacks, lung disease and lung cancer causing many of them. Air pollution is now the fourth-highest cause of death worldwide, trailing smoking, high blood pressure and diet, with the majority of deaths recorded in poorer nations.

India and China lead the world in the total number of deaths attributable to air pollution in 2016 with 1.61 and 1.58 million respectively. However, when it comes to the number of age-standardized deaths per 100,000 of the population, the story is very different. As can be seen from the following infographic which lists a selection of countries from HEI's report, Afghanistan had a far higher death rate per 100,000 inhabitants than India in 2016. In fact, the air people breath in Afghanistan is far more likely to cause them harm than an insurgent attack or air strike.

In the Afghan capital, the situation has become critical with old generators burning wood and plastic belching out smoke that mixes with lead-filled emissions from vehicles clogging the streets. As toxic as the air has become in Kabul, the problem is also manifesting itself in rural areas where people burn solid fuels for cooking and heating in their homes. That isn't just an Afghan problem; it occurs in poor countries everywhere. While the stereotypical image of air pollution focuses on smog, factories and traffic in Asia's economic behemoths, much of it emanates from the simple countryside stove or generator. According to HEI, more than a third of the global population is exposed to household air pollution and for them, fine particulate matter levels can exceed air quality guidelines by as much as 20 times.

The infographic also illustrates a striking gap between the most and least polluted air on the planet. While developed nations have been taking action to clean their air, much of the developing world has now fallen behind, a fact that's evident in the death rate. As grim as the situation may seem, China is having success introducing tougher pollution controls. The number of people exposed to indoor air pollution has also fallen steadily from an estimated 3.6 billion in 1990 to 2.4 billion today despite the global population increasing. India has proven a notable example in combatting indoor air pollution by expanding and modernizing its electricity network as well as providing LPG as a cooking fuel.
*Click below to enlarge (charted by Statista)
I am a Statista data journalist, covering technological, societal and media topics through visual representation. In fact, I love to write about all trending topics, illustrating patterns and trends in a quick, clear and meaningful way. Our work at Statista has been featured...

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Air Pollution Contributed To More Than 6 Million Deaths In 2016 [Infographic]

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The annual State of Global Air Report was published on Tuesday by the Health Effects Institute and it found that over 95 percent of the world's population is breathing unhealthy air while long-term exposure to air pollution contributed to the deaths of 6.1 million people in 2016.

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World's cleanest country with the cleanest water.(posted by Aayush, Rohith, Kai Zhe)

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World's cleanest country with the cleanest water.(posted by Aayush, Rohith, Kai Zhe)

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Denmark has better tap water than bottled in many places. Tap water is, in fact, the standard at cafes and restaurants. It is very safe to drink tap water in that country

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World's country with the cleanest air  (posted by Reeves)

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World's country with the cleanest air  (posted by Reeves)

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Finland sits at the top of the world's cleanest air list with a 90.68 EPI score. It is often considered one of the best countries to live in. It is known for having excellent air quality with minimal air pollution and for using environment-friendly energy resources. Finnish folks have very low chances of falling ill due to environmental risks because of the level of cleanliness in the Nordic country and the best air

Check it out!

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1. Finland

Finland sits at the top of the list with a 90.68 EPI score. It is often considered one of the best countries to live in. It is known for having excellent air quality with minimal air pollution and for using environment-friendly energy resources. Finnish folks have very low chances of falling ill due to environmental risks because of the level of cleanliness in the Nordic country.

Finland ranks fourth in Health Impacts, 18th in Air Quality, 26th in Water and Sanitation, 18th in Water Resources, eight in Fisheries, 19th in Biodiversity and Habitat, and 18th in Climate and Energy. However, Finland ranks really low in regard to Forests, checking in at a paltry 106th - the country has long-standing issues with logging.

2. Iceland

Like Finland, Iceland has great air quality. It has strict policies when it comes to smoking, most especially inside enclosed public places. In 2007, the government banned everyone from smoking in places such as bars and restaurants. Not many people openly smoke and walk around outside as well, which translates to minimal air pollution and cigarette butts on the streets.

Iceland isn't blessed with forests, so no marks for it in the Forests category. In fact, only less than 2 percent of Iceland is covered with trees or forests, courtesy of the Vikings who decided to chop down all trees in sight about 10 minutes after they arrived. The lack of forests severely affected its ranking in Biodiversity and Habitat, scoring only 66.04, which is only good for 129th.

In other categories, Iceland ranks third in Health Impacts, fourth in Air Quality, 20th in Water and Sanitation, and third in Climate and Energy. Overall, Iceland has an EPI score of 90.51.

3. Sweden

Sweden, another Nordic country, checks in at third place. A lot of people might argue that it should be at the top of this list. Sweden is one of the most beautiful places on earth, with garbage-free streets, minimal air pollution, and sanitary facilities everywhere you go.

Sweden is known for its policies on recycling trash - the country is a master at recycling. It is so good at recycling trash that it imports trash from other countries in order to keep its incredibly effective recycling system running. And naturally, the country is also adept at utilizing renewable energy sources.

Sweden ranks fifth in Health Impacts, 22nd in Air Quality, 16th in Water and Sanitation, 12th in Water Resources, first in Agriculture (tied), and 10th in Climate and Energy. Overall, Sweden checks in with a 90.43 EPI score.

4. Denmark

Next up we have Denmark, yet another Nordic country. With four of the top spots occupied by Finland, Iceland, Sweden, and Denmark, the list might as well have been about the cleanest Nordic countries. Denmark has an 89.21 EPI score, making it the only Nordic country with a below-90 EPI score on this list.

Yes, we just spoiled that Norway isn't included in the top 10 cleanest countries in the world, which might sound incredulous to some.

Denmark is also known for placing more emphasis on renewable energy sources than traditional sources. It ranks 14th in Health Impacts, 12th in Water and Sanitation, 13th in Water Resources, 17th in Biodiversity and Habitat, and 24th in Climate and Energy.

5. Slovenia

Sandwiched by Italy, Austria, Hungary, and Croatia, Slovenia is a gorgeous country filled with breathtaking mountain landscapes. But the mountains aren't the only impressive things about Slovenia - the entire country, in general, is a picture of cleanliness and sanitation.

Towns and cities in Slovenia are well-kept, making it a joy to walk around in the streets as a tourist. In 2010, Slovenia made headlines when an environmentalist organization, Ecologists Without Borders, arranged a project to remove tons of solid waste from illegal landfills in the country. Over 200,000 volunteers showed up and removed 12,000 tons of waste. The organization did it again in 2012 with a similar positive result.

Slovenia is often called one of the most unheralded European countries. Because of the country's geographical structure, Slovenia ranks high in Biodiversity and Habitat and Forests, placing first and 15th, respectively, in those categories. Overall, Slovenia has an 88.98 EPI score.

6. Spain

Spain is one of the most beautiful countries in the world, though travelers are often advised to stay away from Madrid and other big cities for the best experience. Because while Spain is considered one of the cleanest countries in the world, big cities such as Madrid aren't really the best samples.

Spain had serious issues with air pollution in the past. But the government has done a good job in lowering air pollution in recent years. The government is also committed to climate change policies, clean energy, and clean water resources nationwide.

Spain ranks 24th in Health Impacts, 33rd in Air Quality, ninth in Water and Sanitation, eight in Water Resources, and 20th in Biodiversity and Habitat. Overall, the country ranks sixth with an EPI score of 88.91.

7. Portugal

Kind of funny that Spain and Portugal are also next to each other on this list. For those unfamiliar, the two countries sit right next to each other on the map, with Portugal being the smaller nation of the two.

Portugal has better air quality than Spain and has a more efficient system for renewable energy utilization. It has one of the largest solar power plants in the world, the Moura Photovoltaic Power Station, and houses the first ever commercial wave power farm, the Agucadoura Wave Farm. The country also puts wind power to good use. Electricity is never a problem in Portugal.

Portugal ranks 13th in Health Impacts, 21st in Air Quality, 11th in Water and Sanitation, first in Agriculture (tied), 22nd in Biodiversity and Habitat, and 16th in Climate and Energy. Overall, Portugal has an EPI score of 88.63.

8. Estonia

With an estimated population of 1.3 million, Estonia is one of the least populated European countries. It is a well-developed country with an excellent healthcare and education system. And despite leaning heavily on oil shale, which is a major source of pollution, for electricity, Estonia is considered one of the cleanest countries in the world.

Because of the abundance of oil shale in the country, the Estonian government isn't too invested in clean and renewable energy resources. In terms of cleanliness on the street level, Estonia gets top marks, with most places generally free of trash. Of course, the low population plays a big part in that - more populous countries tend to have more trash in cities and towns.

Estonia ranks 10th in Health Impacts, 24th in Air Quality, 34th in Water and Sanitation, 25th in Water Resources, first in Agriculture (tied), and first in Biodiversity and Habitat (tied). The country ranks 58th in Climate and Energy, mostly because of its oil shale industry. Estonia has an overall score of 88.59 EPI, barely missing out on the seventh spot.

9. Malta

Malta is one of the smallest and most densely populated countries in the world, with an estimated population of about 450,000. It is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Europe, courtesy of its pristine beaches.

The Maltese government has been placing more effort into taking care of the environment in recent years, which is why Malta is now included in the top 10 cleanest countries list. Though not exactly spotless, most of the locations in the country are well-kept and have good air quality.

Malta ranks 11th in Air Quality, first in Water and Sanitation, 29th in Water Resources, sixth in Fisheries, and 29th in Climate and Energy. The fact that the country ranks high in water-related categories isn't really surprising. Overall, Malta has an EPI score of 88.48.

10. France

Last on our list of the top 10 cleanest countries in the world is France, one of the most industrialized European countries. France has been relying on nuclear energy for electricity for years, which is why it ranks low when it comes to carbon dioxide emissions.

However, the air quality in the entire nation isn't really the cleanest, especially in Paris and other big cities. But like most European countries, France is committed to making the earth great again by promising to cut carbon dioxide emissions even more by 2020.

France ranks 37th in Health Impacts, 21st in Water and Sanitation, 21st in Water Resources, 31st in Fisheries, and 10th in Biodiversity and Habitat. It has an overall EPI score of 88.20, edging out New Zealand by a hair and barely making it into the top 10.

The following countries round out the top 20 cleanest countries in the world: New Zealand (88.00), United Kingdom (87.38), Australia (87.22), Singapore (87.04), Croatia (86.98), Switzerland (86.93), Norway (86.90), Austria (86.64), Ireland (86.60), and Luxembourg (86.58).

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Top 10 Cleanest Countries in the World 2018 | Improb

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One of the best ways to check which countries are the cleanest in the world is by looking into the Environmental Performance Index (EPI) , a project developed by Yale University and Columbia University.

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The list of the world's countries with cleanest water.(Posted by Rohith, Kai Zhe and Aayush.)

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The list of the world's countries with cleanest water.(Posted by Rohith, Kai Zhe and Aayush.)

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1. DENMARK
Denmark has better tap water than bottled in many places.

2. ICELAND
Iceland has stringent quality control, ensuring that they have a consistently high quality of water.

3. GREENLAND
Greenland offers iceberg-sourced water to its inhabitants as well as providing healthy and pure drinking water sourced from lakes and rivers.

4. FINLAND
According to the United Nations, Finland ranks amongst the best in the world for its tap water quality.

5. COLOMBIA
Colombia ensures it provides clean and safe tap water for its inhabitants as well as tourists.
This is the top five countries and states in the world with the cleanest water.

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The world's efforts to stop air and water pollution. (posted by Rohith and Brajesh)

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The world's efforts to stop air and water pollution. (posted by Rohith and Brajesh)

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Bangalore, the Indian city is converting its 6,000 buses to compressed natural gas and discouraging the car. So far, says the city, it has reduced traffic pollution by about 20% in a few years and one in four people who used to travel by car now use public transport.  Paris bans cars in many historic central districts at weekends, imposes odd-even bans on vehicles, makes public transport free during major pollution events and encourages car- and bike-sharing programs.
This is a picture of Hong Kong from then and now.
The picture on the left shows Hong Kong polluted.
The picture on the right shows Hong Kong's efforts to stop air and water pollution as the picture shows Hong Kong a cleaner city.

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Is the Singapore River polluted compared to the past?

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Is the Singapore River polluted compared to the past?

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(POSTED BY Reeves , Brajesh, Rohith, Aayush and Kai Zhe)
No. The Singapore River is much cleaner than the past. On 27 February 1977, during the opening ceremony of the Upper Peirce Reservoir, Prime Minister Lee gave a definite target to the Ministry of the Environment to clean the Singapore River .

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World's worst water polluted country (posted by Reeves)

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World's worst water polluted country (posted by Reeves)

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Pakistan is the world's worst water polluted country with average  PM 2.5 concentration: 115.7. the picture below shows the water polluted in pakistan

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The summary (posted by Aayush and Kai Zhe)

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The summary (posted by Aayush and Kai Zhe)

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Air and water pollution is a  severe action which is happening in the world. We should refrain from polluting too much air and water. This will reduce the amount of harm causing the death of plants and animals.
The ways to prevent air and water pollution.
1. Conserve energy – remember to turn off lights, computers, and electric appliances when not in use.
2. Do not smoke indoors.(Try to reduce smoking habits anonymously)

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Water pollution solution( credit to NAT GEO)

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Water pollution solution( credit to NAT GEO)

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posted by Reeves

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How We Can Keep Plastics Out of Our Ocean | National Geographic

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The picture of the Singapore river in the past and now.(Posted by Kai Zhe , Brajesh, Aayush and Rohith.)

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The picture of the Singapore river in the past and now.(Posted by Kai Zhe , Brajesh, Aayush and Rohith.)

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Click on the link below.

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The heavily polluted Ganges River made headlines recently, but this time for the right reasons. India's Prime Minister Narendra Modi has promised a clean-up of the river - and the rest of the country - by the 150th anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi's birth in 2019.

Nearly four decades ago, our very own Singapore River was in need of an extreme makeover. Back in the 1970s, squatters, hawkers and manufacturing industries crowded the banks of the river, leading to severe pollution. The Government eventually mounted a large-scale clean-up, with enhancements over the years, forming the vibrant waterway that we know today.

We pick out five facts you should know about the Singapore River clean-up and improvements made to it over the years.

1. It was then Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew who called for the clean up of Singapore's rivers in 1977
Mr Lee said in February that year: "It should be a way of life to keep the water clean. To keep every stream, culvert and rivulet, free from pollution."

"The Ministry of Environment should make it a target: In 10 years let us have fishing in the Singapore River and Kallang River. It can be done," he added.

2. The Singapore River clean-up took 10 years and cost the Government $170 million

The clean-up involved a massive relocation of about 4,000 squatters, along with hawkers and vegetable sellers, whose daily waste flowed into the river. Public housing was found for the squatters, while street hawkers were persuaded to move to hawker centres.

Hundreds of bumboats ferrying goods from warehouses along the river to cargo ships out at sea were moved to a new lighter anchorage at Pasir Panjang by the Port of Singapore Authority.

Foul-smelling mud also had to be dredged from the banks and the bottom of the river, and debris and other rubbish cleared.

3. The clean-up was spearheaded by the former chairman of the Public Utilities Board and then Environment Ministry Permanent Secretary Lee Ek Tieng
The 81-year-old civil engineer and his team were handed the task of ensuring fishing and other recreational activities would be possible along the Singapore River and Kallang Basin in 10 years' time. The Kallang Basin was being polluted by nearby pig and duck farms and cottage industries. Mr Lee's successful completion of the project within the deadline earned him a gold medal in 1987, and an acknowledgement from Lee Kuan Yew himself in his personal memoir.

4. The Government started the Clean Rivers Education Programme in 1987
The programme's goal was to raise awareness of the negative effects of dumping waste into Singapore's waterways, and to encourage people to keep the waterways clean. The programme was previously administered by the Singapore Environment Council (SEC). Current education programmes aimed at keeping the country's waterways clean are run by the Waterways Watch Society (WWS), a local non-profit, non-governmental organisation.

5. The Marina Barrage, a new addition to the Singapore River, was completed in 2008
The Barrage is a dam across the Marina Channel, used to control floods and create the reservoir. It has nine gates and seven pumps which pump sea water out to the sea, while keeping rainwater in. Costing $226 million, the dam was also a visionary idea for the river from Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew.

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5 interesting facts about the Singapore River clean-up

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Nearly four decades ago, our very own Singapore River was in need of an extreme makeover. Back in the 1970s, squatters, hawkers and manufacturing industries crowded the banks of the river, leading to severe pollution. The Government eventually mounted a large-scale clean-up, with enhancements over the years, forming the vibrant waterway that we know today.

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(posted by Brajesh) summary