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Tanzimat Ottoman Empire Reformation (1800s)

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Tanzimat Ottoman Empire Reformation (1800s)

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Extreme debt

Equality among all religions

"Sick man of Europe"

Spanned 37 years, not violence centered

Political Change

Young Ottomans- focus on political change

Young Turks- end up replacing Ottoman Empire with Turkey

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Major political and social change, general assembly, new constitution
ISSUE: France in debt from American Revolution
OUTCOME: Napoleon made new constitution, taxes refunded, end to monarchy, modern day government for Europe

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Taiping and Boxer Rebellions (1850-1900)

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Taiping and Boxer Rebellions (1850-1900)

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Taiping:

Leader was Hong Xiuquan

consequences: 20-30 million people die, weak Qing dynasty

reformed society, women more rights

Boxer:

Up risers were the Boxers; blamed foreigners and killed them

Two main people work together to end it

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Toussaint L'Ouverture: military commander and former slave

France vs. Britain + Spain + Haitians

Causes: slave labor, want freedom, want slavery abolished

Outcomes: slavery gone, Haiti is independent

Only successful slave revolt in history

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Causes: no respect for creoles, no free trade, Spain becomes weak, events in Europe
Outcomes: INDEPENDENCE

Independence from Spain and Portugal

doesn't mean peace

struggle how to run

Americans thrive after revolution

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Tokugawa Period and Meiji Restoration 1750

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Tokugawa Period and Meiji Restoration 1750

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Tokugawa:

weak economy

feudal lords

Shogunate come to power

ban foreign trade and Christianity

Meiji Restoration:

Coup --> Emporer Meiji in Shogunate's place

class system caused problems

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Chinese Revolution (Chiang Kai Shek) #2 (1920-1950)

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Chinese Revolution (Chiang Kai Shek) #2 (1920-1950)

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Civil war in China between Guamindong and Communists

Guamindong = nationalists

Chiang Kai Shek: leads Nationalists

Mao Zedong: leads communists

long march

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PEACE LAND BREAD

Nicholas II: tsar who sent people into WWI

People rebel and starve

Riots against government

Tsar gives up throne

New government

Bolsheviks

Provisional

Bolsheviks (Revolution

Vladimir Lenin

Marxist/communist

signed peace treaty

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Cause: women feel discriminated against and need to stand up

Different waves

right to vote and civil rights

gender equality and get rid of patriarchy

#metoo/current

Women's Suffrage Association

Susan B. Anthony

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aka. Revolutionary War

Colonists were upset with the British government

A lot of taxation --> debt

Thomas Jeffereson, George Washington, Ben Franklin

Sugar Act, Stamp Act, etc.

Boston Massacre

Boston Tea Party; Sons of Liberty

Lexington and Concord battle

Declaration of Independence

Treaty of Paris

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had a legal system with independence from Church

universities

traded with the Ottoman Empire; ideas stem from Islamic scholars

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Becomes a new "religion"

Ottoman Empire secluded themselves from these ideas

China accepted them

Japanese interested in anatomical studies

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Individual thinking: the idea that each person could understand something and think for themselves

thinkers believed in power of knowledge to transform society

Idea of PROGRESS

other thinkers who helped with social aspect of society (government, economy)

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New understanding of the universe and the role of human kind

Many different scientific thinkers

Nicolaus Copernicus:

figured that the sun was at the center of the universe and everything revolved around it (heliocentric system)

conflicted with religion but the scientists didn't oppose religion/faith; faith and science compatible

ideas spread by printing press

ideas stem from Islamic scholarship

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Period of rebirth; included the Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment

spread out over a long time

in Italy because trade with Ottoman Empire caused them to become rich

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Result of the Protestant Reformation and response to Martin Luther

trying to fix corruption and make the church whole again

emphasis on education

Jesuits

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Martin Luther (German) and the 95 Theses

"FAITH ALONE"

Believed the Bible was all you needed; not the Church or authority

translate the Bible to own language

Caused the Great Schism and great divide and conflict in the church

Printing press helped spread his ideas

simplicity

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missionaries

Forced on Americas and Philippines and worked

Tried in China but didn't really work; targeted the elites

Jesuits

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Chapter 15: Cultural Transformations (1450-1750)

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Chapter 15: Cultural Transformations (1450-1750)

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textiles, metal goods, firearms/gunpowder, tobacco and alcohol

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16 million slaves were taken out of African homes for the slave trade

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In NA and Russia

native people get the furs, European merchants trade for them because they don't know the area

gave native people: guns. pots/pans, alcohol

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Potosi: largest silver mine in South America (Spanish)

didn't use slaves; MANY people died in the mines

Spanish rich --> don't figure out inflation --> poor

China gets rich; only need to trade for silver

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belief that there is a limited amount of wealth in the world and our country must seize all we can before another takes from us

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Dutch and British took over Portuguese

Dutch had monopoly on spice islands

English found commerce and trade in India

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Took over the Philippines; wanted to bring Catholicism/Christianity

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took over adjacent lands

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Trading Post Empire = controlling commerce and trade by use of force (control of port cities)

Tried to control spice trade but failed

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Chapter 14: Economic Transformations (1450-1750)

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Chapter 14: Economic Transformations (1450-1750)

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wanted fur (soft gold); lots of furs in Siberia

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Cotton, racial divide

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Mexico/Chile/Caribbean

took over Aztecs and Incas

racial blending

social hierarchy

encomienda system

sugar colony

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Brazil; sugar colony

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Old World: England, Spain, Portugal
New World: NA colonies (English and French) and SA/Mexico (Spanish and Portugal)

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Mostly in South America: 9 men to 1 woman; reproduce with slaves and natives; many slaves imported due to death

Less in North America: extreme racial division

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Growing European population --> people go to Americas

New world needs labor (slaves)

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High calorie stuff brought to Old World --> growing population

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transportation, make more money

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Small pox (killed almost everyone in new world 90%) and syphilis

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the enormous network of communication, migration, trade, disease, and the transfer of plants and animals, originated by European colonies in Americas

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Empire = people of all different cultural ethnicities and people from different areas and putting them under one government/roof

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South America

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Stop trading

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China has everything they need

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Zheng He: main leader with 300 ships and 27,000 sailors

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Started using agriculture

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people starting to farm, less hunter gatherers

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hunter gathering people; move around to survive; nomads

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Chapter 12: The Worlds of the 15th Century (1345-1526)

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Chapter 12: The Worlds of the 15th Century (1345-1526)