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gov cannot prohibit right to assembly or free speech just because they disagree with the message.

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False statements about someone can be libel or slander.(unconstitutional as long as it's false and written with malice).

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Slander= false defamation of a person verbally (hard to prove)
Libel= false defamation of a person in written form (includes recorded audio, visuals, publications etc)

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Grants full citizenship to everyone born in the US
Everyone is entitled to same protection under the law
states cannot pass any laws that take away a person's life, liberty, or happiness regardless of race, gender etc

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no excessive bail
no excessive fines
no cruel and unusual punishmen

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the right to a speedy CIVIL trial of citizens (when someone sues someone else)
have to be suing an amount over $20
can have peers as your jury

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speech that mentions violent overthrow of gov (unconstitutional)

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right to speedy and public trial
right to a jury trial in the same place as the crime
right to be informed of all charges
right to confront accusers or witnesses
right to legal counsel

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Following Pearl Harbor, Japanese citizens were moved to internment camps. This Court decision decided that the camps were legal because were a matter of "military urgency" and "national security"

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Everyone is entitled of a fair trial
no double jeopardy
must be paid for what the gov takes
you don't have to be a witness against yourself (plead the 5th)

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Segregation that is established by practice and tradition in society

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right of everyone to feel secure in their property without unreasonable searches and seizures. Warrants can only be issued with probable cause

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right to bear arms

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freedom of religion, speech, press, petition, assembly.

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In order for a school to get gov aid, the money cannot be used for religious purposes, encourage or discourage religion, cannot entangle up the gov with religion.

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Government could not censor or prohibit publication in advance (unconstitutional)

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people are free to exercise any form of religion, but gov is not allowed to prefer any one over the other.(in 1st amendment

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A test used to decide if a government classification is discriminatory or not.

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Gideon was tried without lawyer because he couldn't afford one
6th amendment--everyone is entitled to an attorney, even if they cannot afford it

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Separate but equal institutions

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Slaves are not citizens, so they cannot sue their "masters" in a court of law.

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Abortion is legal because of 9th amendemnt

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no segregation in public areas, no discrimination in employment based on race, gender, etc

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a set of laws that discriminated against (segregated) blacks and other minorities.

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meant to help minorities getting accepted into college or employed

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during jim crow era blacks were denied the right to vote by literacy tests (illegal today).

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evidence obtained through a search in violation of the Constitution cannot be used in court.

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Everyone has equal protection under the law without discrimination according to the 14th amendment.

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Miranda did not know that he had the right to remain silent. This case made it required to read "Miranda rights" upon arrest.

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Segregation in public schools is unconstitutional (overturns Plessy v Ferguson.

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no prayer (or anything religion-related) in public schools

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Bill of rights is not only limiting the federal gov, but can also protect the rights of the people under the states government through the 14th amendment.

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Symbolic demonstrations or actions to express opinion

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Decided that schools cannot use admission quotas and admit students solely based on race. (after bakke, a white student was denied admission in college even though he scored higher).

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In 4th amendment legit/concrete/reasonable reason for pressing charges, searching, arresting, etc.

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Segregation that is allowed or enforced by law (Jim Crow)

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Discrimination based on race, gender etc. is illegal

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Congress cannot restrict freedom of speech, press, religion, assembly, or petition.

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A person cannot be prosecuted twice for the same crime.

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Everyone is entitled to a fair trial before being convicted of any crime.

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Clause in the first amendment saying that the Constitution prohibits that Congress establishes one religion or discriminates another.

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Illegally obtained evidence or confessions cannot be used in a trial.