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Vape liquid is made of these 3 ingredients mainly: Propylene Glycol & Vegetable Glycerin, Non-Oil Food Grade Flavorings, and nicotine.
The article talks about the safer amounts of nicotine that are present in e-cigs than regular cigarettes, but nevertheless it still contains the addictive element.

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Picking out amazing e cig batteries and atomizers is a blast.

There are so many options and combinations out there ranging from configurations simple enough for a caveman (no offense to our cromagnon readers out there) to set ups complex enough to keep a rocket scientist satisfied - and numerous options in between. However, your e cig, regardless of the type, ain't worth nuthin' without e juice. The e juice is how you'll get your nicotine to sooth the beastly addiction within you, and how (if you choose) to eventually wean yourself off of nicotine.

Mystery Ingredients?

Now, you might have heard a few things out in the wild from uneducated sources that e juice contains insane chemicals like antifreeze that are just as bad (if not worse) than cigarettes - THIS IS FALSE. Yes, all caps were necessary, but I'll apologize for yelling at you through the computer screen nonetheless. If you buy e juice from a quality vendor who lists their ingredients, you'll know EXACTLY what you're putting into your body. If for some reason the vendor doesn't list the ingredients, or they can't/won't tell you what their e liquid contains if asked, runaway and buy your e juice from an HONEST vendor.

Reputable E Liquids Contain a Combination of These Ingredients:

1. Propylene Glycol (PG) and/or Vegetable Glycerin (VG)

These are the two most common ingredients that you'll find in e liquid since they're used as the suspension agent for the flavorings and nicotine. They're both GRAS or Generally Recognized As Safe by the FDA, tasteless, and used safely by humans every day without incident. In e juice, you'll find blends that exclusively use 100% PG or VG, or blends that use a mixture of each.

We wrote an in depth article that explains what PG and VG are, their differences, and how to choose. But we're pretty nice folks here at Vapex, so we don't mind repeating ourselves; here's the cliff notes from that article: PG is thin, carries better flavor, produces less vapor, acts as a preservative and extends the life of your e juice, but a portion of the population is allergic and/or sensitive to PG, while VG is thick, produces more vapor, is super hypoallergenic (i.e. people who have PG allergies vape VG without issue), but it's not a preservative like PG.

2. Non-Oil Food Grade Flavorings

Yup, flavors that you might already be eating and putting into your body on a daily basis are commonly used in e juice. Most of these flavors are perfectly safe, and there's only a few that you should avoid (we'll list those in the next session - so keep reading). Just make sure that your favorite vendor isn't using any oil based flavorings. If they are, or if they can't assure you that they're not, find another vendor A.S.A.P. - there's plenty of great vendors out there who deserve your business.

3. Nicotine

You're probably already familiar with this ingredient since it's one of the primary reasons you were hooked on cigarettes. While there's a bit of a controversy around nicotine, there's no doubt that vaping an e cig with nicotine is MUCH safer than smoking a traditional cigarette that doesn't only contain nicotine - but a butt load of other dangerous/deadly chemicals as well.

With e juice, you'll find bottles commonly advertised as 0mg, 6mg, 12mg, 18mg, 24mg, and 32mg - but what the heck does that mean? Basically, nicotine in an e juice solution is measured as milligrams per milliliter (mg/ml), so each milliliter of e juice that you purchase will contain the advertised milligrams of nicotine. So, depending on your daily smoking habits, you'll probably want to start anywhere between 12mg and 24mg (I only recommend 32mg to chimneys) and then gradually taper down from there. Make sure you check out our chapter on safety to understand how much nicotine is too much and when to cut back.

50% PG / 50% VG E-Juice

Ingredients You Should Avoid

Diacetyl, acetyl propionyl, and acetoin are ingredients you should 100% avoid. In the past, they've been used in creamy, buttery, and vanilla-esque flavors. While they taste great, they've been known to give people a condition known as popcorn lung. You might be wondering how something so delicious sounding could be so sinister, but get over it because it is! Sure, it's not as bad as lung cancer, but it's still gross and should be avoided at all costs.

Cinnamon Is Borderline.

There was a bit of controversy surrounding cinnamon based flavors, but after the dust settled they were generally regarded as safe again. However, there are a lot of people that maintain their boycott of cinnamon flavors, but I'm not one of them - so it's really up to you.

WOW, so Delicious!

The most important thing about e juice, is to get a variety and stock up so that you're never without. Remember, taste is subjective and what tastes amazing to me might taste like poop in a bucket to you. It's also good to note that some e liquids taste better with age after they've cured, but there are a few ways that you can use to speed up the process. The great thing about e juice is that if you don't like it, there are places where you can sell, give away, or even trade what you have for something else.

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There are so many options and combinations out there ranging from configurations simple enough for a caveman (no offense to our cromagnon readers out there) to set ups complex enough to keep a rocket scientist satisfied - and numerous options in between. However, your e cig, regardless of the type, ain't worth nuthin' without e juice.

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Vaping/e-cigarettes is used as a replacement to cigarettes. It has created a 'safer' way for those with a nicotine addiction to fulfill their need or begin to quit.

Although vaping is better health wise than cigarettes, there are still many negative effects it has on the human body. These effects include:
- addiction to nicotine
- increase in heart rate (heart attack)
- damage to lungs
- brain development
- chest pain
- increased blood pressure

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When vaping first was seen on the market its popularity was extremely low, but it quickly increased.
In 2011 there were 7 million people who vaped & in 2016 there was 35 million. Its expected to reach 55 million by 2021.

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Since the vape juice contains nicotine it is an extremely addictive drug. Vaping is more common among younger generations who's brains are still developing, this increases the strength of the addiction.

90% of vape users became addicted after one year of using and reported that they still used cigarettes while vaping.

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Forty years ago, nearly 29 percent of high school seniors reported smoking cigarettes daily, according to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. By 2015, that number was at an all-time low of 5.5 percent.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports a similar decline, with 4.3 percent fewer middle schoolers and 15.8 percent fewer high schoolers admitting to smoking cigarettes between 2011 and 2017.

However, as cigarette smoking seems to be on the decline, another method of nicotine use has managed to hook today's youth.

The same CDC report that discussed the decline of cigarette use revealed an increase in vaping.

In 2017, 3.3 percent of middle schoolers reported using electronic cigarettes, and 11.7 percent of high schoolers reported the same.

"By their senior year, over 25 percent of high schoolers are current e-cigarette users," Dr. Jonathan Winickoff, a pediatrician at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston and member of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Section on Tobacco Control, told Healthline.

What parents need to know about Juuling, the vaping device in disguise

When it comes to tobacco use, cigarettes are considered a combusted or burned product. The cigarette has to be lit, the tobacco burned, and the smoke inhaled.

Vaping, on the other hand, involves no combustion or burning. Instead, vaping products release an aerosol that is inhaled.

While many people make the mistake of assuming this aerosol is as harmless as water vapor, it actually consists of fine particles containing toxic chemicals, many of which have been linked to cancer, as well as respiratory and heart diseases.

Vaping devices, which include e-cigarettes and vape pens, were first introduced to the commercial market in 2007. They typically have to be plugged in or powered by battery so a heating component can warm an e-liquid cartridge that then releases the aerosol to be inhaled in the lungs.

"A lot of these cartridges are actually marketed as health products," Winickoff explained. "They have 'healthy' flavors, things like mango and berry that are associated with high antioxidants. But they're just flavors. There are no actual health benefits."

The CDC has found that these flavors are a big part of the reason teens are latching onto these products. Even worse, Winickoff told Healthline about a study where 60 percent of kids believed that pods used in Juuls (a specific brand of e-cigarette) were nicotine free - when the reality is that 99 percent of these products contain nicotine.

In 2018, Juuls accounted for about 40 percent of the e-cigarette market, grossing 150 million in retail sales the last quarter alone. The appeal of this product specifically is that they don't look like e-cigarettes. Juuls are small, can be mistaken for a USB drive, and are easily concealed in a person's hand.

In other words, this is a product teens are able to use more discreetly, without drawing as much attention from their parents and teachers.

With the introduction of Juuling, e-cigarette use among teens is on the rise. So much so that both Time and The Washington Post recently had reports on Juuling and what parents need to be aware of.

"These products are really creating a resurgence," Winickoff said. "All the work that happened, all the public health campaigns, the billions of dollars spent to try to eliminate tobacco use for kids has been undone. Now we have millions of adolescents currently addicted to nicotine."

The risks

A large number of people believe e-cigarettes are simply a safer way to consume nicotine, and that nicotine isn't harmful by itself. But that's not true.

Research has found numerous negative impacts of nicotine alone: on metabolism, increased cancer risks and respiratory problems, as well as more asthma attacks and symptoms experienced by those who vape.

"We know based on Juul's own published testing that these products contain carcinogens. Group 1 carcinogens - the most potent carcinogens known," Winickoff revealed.

There's also another risk that parents should be aware of when it comes to teens and e-cigarette use - the addiction may be harder to kick.

According to AAP, Juul pods contain nearly double the concentration of nicotine compared to other e-cigarette cartridges. This is especially concerning because the risk for addiction is already higher among teens.

Winickoff explained, "The younger the developing brain is exposed to nicotine, the stronger and more rapid the addiction. The earlier you become addicted, the harder it is to quit."

But that's not all. According to Winickoff, addiction to nicotine at a young age actually causes brain remodeling, changing the threshold for addiction to other substances.

In other words, kids who use nicotine earlier are more likely to fall in love with other drugs later on.

Tips for talking to kids before they start vaping

The risks of Juuling and vaping for kids are real, making it all the more important for parents to begin addressing these issues before their children decide to try these products.

A licensed clinical psychologist from Connecticut, Dr. Elaine Ducharme, PhD, told Heathline, "Parents really need to start talking to their kids in elementary school about this issue."

She offered these tips for engaging in those discussions:

1. Educate yourself first. Get the facts on these products so you know what you're talking about when you approach the discussion with your kids.

2. Be a role model. Parents are responsible for shaping many of their children's ideas and behaviors, so set the tone with your own actions.

3. Establish a safe environment where your kids can talk about their feelings and opinions without feeling judged.

4. Really listen and let them tell you what they know.

5. It can sometimes be helpful to give them something to read that you can then discuss together.

6. Help them figure out ways to handle situations where they may be pressured to engage in these behaviors.

7. Create a plan, even specific things for them to say like, "I have asthma and my doctor says I could become very ill if I try this," or, "I just don't think it looks cool."

8. Help them understand that using willpower to stand up to peers is really hard, but willpower is like a muscle - the more you use it, the stronger it gets.

Winickoff had this to add, "What the research says about tobacco use, which we can apply to Juuling and vaping, is that parents expressing how they feel about these products - their strong negative opinions - actually can make a difference. Kids may protest, but they do internalize their parent's belief system."

Winickoff says this is true even if a parent uses the product themselves. Talking about the negatives of that product, and about how the addiction has taken hold and why parents can't quit (even though they want to) can still send a strong message to teens about why they shouldn't start.

What to look for

While the legal age for purchasing these products is 18 in some states and 21 in others. Winickoff explained that many kids are ordering them online - simply checking a box to verify they are of legal age. For this reason, parents should pay attention to their teen's online purchases and packages that may arrive in the mail.

Juul pods also look very similar to an average USB flash drive. Examine any questionable device closely.

Addressing a real problem

If you discover that your teen is already Juuling, Winickoff is clear that it's important to recognize this as more than just a "bad habit." It's a medical problem that requires a major response from the family, the child's pediatrician, and possibly a therapist to help get that teen out from under the nicotine addiction.

"It's not easy to get kids to stop. Their body craves it. They need it just to get through the day. I can tell you from anecdotal experience just from my office, I've had a terrible time getting kids to give up electronic cigarettes. It's that young brain and extra susceptibility. They're locked in."

Ducharme added, "If the situation seems out of control, it's time to speak with a psychologist or other mental health professional trained in working with teens and addictions."

Currently, there aren't any addiction programs specifically geared toward teens and nicotine use, which makes prevention and enforcement of existing rules all the more important.

Winickoff recommends advocating for zero-tolerance policies in schools and tobacco-free zones around every school, middle grade through college. He also recommends parents get involved in the Tobacco 21 movement, which aims to increase the legal age for purchasing tobacco products to 21. So far, six states have adopted such laws.

With the help of active and informed parents, yours could be next.

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Forty years ago, nearly 29 percent of high school seniors reported smoking cigarettes daily, according to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. By 2015, that number was at an all-time low of 5.5 percent.

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There are several treatment methods that have been studied and backed up by evidence that work based on the individuals addiction type. The website below has information on how to get started and how to identify the addiction. Individuals call the number, (888) 491-9021, and from there they give the patients the best route to follow! There are multifaceted treatments, behavioral therapies, need-based treatments, and monitored treatment. (all nicotine addiction programs treat vape too)

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Trusted Content
Many individuals believe that vaping or using e-cigarettes is safer than traditional cigarettes due to the fact that they are smokeless and introduce fewer particulates into the user's lungs. These devices, however, still introduce nicotine into the body, cause cardiovascular complications, negative respiratory effects, and even addiction. Vaping, in fact, could be even more dangerous than cigarettes.

Current estimates from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention suggest smoking cigarettes contributes to one out of every five deaths in the United States. By 2014, more than 10 million Americans had died from illnesses related to smoking. In 2007, the sale of e-cigarettes offered smokers an alternative to cigarettes, affording users the nicotine without the smoke. The devices look and feel like real cigarettes, but deliver a smoke-like, flavored vapor contained in a disposable cartridge.

Vaporizers, or vapes, quickly followed the release of eCigs and are today more popular with customizable pen-like devices and flavor options. There are no cartridges; a large reservoir is refillable, and the "vape" comes with a longer lasting battery, as well as a more direct delivery of nicotine.

Though manufacturers tout safety over conventional cigarettes, there have been no long-term studies to compare the vape option to lighting up. While researchers believe there are likely some advantages to heating vapor over burning a substance and introducing particulate matter into the lungs, no conclusive research exists on the impacts of vaporized additives associated with these alternative products. And in some cases, vapes, especially those that have been modified or "hacked", may be more dangerous than tobacco.

Growing Concerns With Vaporized Substances

Manufacturers suggested that when people use either ecigs or vapes, that they are breathing in only harmless water vapor and nicotine, but more recently the World Health Organization (WHO), called for a ban on indoor use of the product, and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) is now investigating the effects of the propylene glycol or glycerin along with flavor additives that are heated and vaporized and delivered to the lungs alongside the nicotine.

Researchers also report that contained within the aerosolized e-liquid are agents that, when heated, generate a release of formaldehyde at significantly higher levels than that contained in a tobacco cigarette.

To complicate matters, researchers are turning to social media to understand how some individuals are hacking their devices, allowing for increased heat, a higher release of nicotine, among other alterations. This will afford researchers a better understanding of the impact of these vapors on the lungs and public health.

Don't wait. Get help now.

(888) 365-2740

Is Vaping Addictive?

For the same reasons cigarettes are addictive, so are vapes and e-cig products. Both contain nicotine, a highly addictive stimulant substance. Nicotine changes the levels of noradrenaline, or norepinephrine, a natural hormone in the body associated with our "fight or flight" response. The release of noradrenaline directs blood flow to essential organs, enriching them with vital oxygen and in an emergency, can give someone a boost of energy to either run away from the danger or fight it off.

Nicotine binds with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, initiates a similar response, causing the body to release noradrenaline, and affording the user the associated euphoric rush of both the noradrenaline and associated dopamine response, part of the brain's hard-wired reward system. This dopamine release is an after effect of the flood of oxygen to vital organs, but it is the primary culprit in why nicotine is so addictive. The brain now associates nicotine with a life-sustaining response (like eating or drinking water), initiating cravings for the drug.

Negative Health Impacts Of Vaping

Nicotine comes from a plant that is part of the nightshade family, poisonous to humans. In higher doses, it may be used as a biocide. We know now nicotine is linked to cardiovascular complications, respiratory side effects (even in smokeless products) including inflammation and increased risk of bacterial infections, decreased immunity, gastrointestinal upset, and nervous system changes including fainting, headache, dizziness, agitation, insomnia, and stroke.

Other chemicals contained within vapes include formaldehyde, linked to respiratory and blood cancers. A need for long-term studies may reveal more adverse health effects.
The dangers of vaping may include:

cardiovascular complications

high blood pressure

irregular heartbeats

respiratory side effects

lung inflammation

increased risk of respiratory infection

decreased immunity

gastrointestinal upset

headache

dizziness and fainting

agitation

insomnia

stroke

cancer

Is Vaping A Gateway Drug

Due to common misconceptions about the safety of vapes, along with targeted marketing of these products to youth, vapes are quickly becoming popular among teen users. The flavors, including "bubble gum," along with the appeal of the colorful vape pens make them a trendy choice.

Vape pens are easily concealed from unsuspecting parents. Though vapes are not legal for people under 18 to purchase, they can, with the push of a button and credit card access, be purchased online. Only a handful of states currently ban possession of a vape pen by a minor.

Vape Withdrawals

Withdrawal symptoms make quitting vapes as difficult, if not more so than traditional cigarettes, especially if the product has been modified for higher delivery of nicotine. When an individual, whether a teen or an adult, attempts to quit vaping, they may experience nicotine withdrawal.

Withdrawal symptoms include flu-like symptoms like upset stomach and headache, changes in stool, low heart rates and blood pressure, irregular heartbeats, fatigue, insomnia, irritability, trouble focusing, anxiety, depression, and weight gain from increased appetite.

Treatment For Vape Addiction

Treatment options for vape and other drug and alcohol addiction is available. RehabCenter.net can connect you with the online resources, professional support, and evidence-based treatment options that meet you individual needs.

Don't let the addiction take away another day, contact us and begin a new and rewarding life in recovery.

This page does not provide medical advice.

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Vapes Addiction And The Best Rehab Centers For Treatment

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Trusted Content Many individuals believe that vaping or using e-cigarettes is safer than traditional cigarettes due to the fact that they are smokeless and introduce fewer particulates into the user's lungs. These devices, however, still introduce nicotine into the body, cause cardiovascular complications, negative respiratory effects, and even addiction.

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The article below exposes the reality of vaping and the dangers it holds to young generations. In Lapeer four middle school students were rushed to the hospital after ingesting a substance through a vape pen. This connects to my research of the drug, nicotine, in vape pens because it shows the early addiction that is occurring here and the danger faced when young teenagers use. I think this article helps raise awareness in Michigan about vape pens and the reality they hold.

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Four Zemmer Middle School students in Lapeer were hospitalized Wednesday after having a bad reaction to a substance ingested through a vape pen, according to school officials.

The district confirmed the incident on its Lapeer Community Schools verified Twitter account.

Officials said they don't know what the students ingested and an investigation is ongoing.

"The safety and security of our students is our top priority," the district said." We ask that everyone be responsible with respect to passing along rumors and misinformation via social media or any other medium."

The most recent data show that 3 million school-age children - including more than 600,000 middle school students - have tried vaping. Many adults are concerned that it could be a gateway to stronger substances, such as regular cigarettes or marijuana.

Read or Share this story: https://www.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/2019/02/27/lapeer-middle-school-vaping/3005637002/

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Lapeer middle schoolers rushed to hospital after vaping

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CLOSE Four Zemmer Middle School students in Lapeer were hospitalized Wednesday after having a bad reaction to a substance ingested through a vape pen, according to school officials. The district confirmed the incident on its Lapeer Community Schools verified Twitter account. Officials said they don't know what the students ingested and an investigation is ongoing.

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The article linked below covers the views of many countries on the topic of e-cigarettes. In 2008 a report came out that contained the concerns with vaping, following the release of the report many countries began banning the use of vapes/e-cigarettes within their borders. From this article I was able to see how other countries are trying to handle this drug; countries are banning it. In Thailand if a citizen is found in possession of an e-cigarette it will be confiscated and the individual could face prison time. These steps being taken by other countries are helping to raise awareness of this drug and preventing the addiction from beginning.

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VAPING is often used as a way to give up smoking, as well as save money.

However, Brits who try to vape while on holiday could end up having their e-cigarettes confiscated - or even be put in jail.

Laws surrounding vaping are still evolving - governments are constantly changing their rules based on new information about how healthy it is.

Some countries ban the sale of e-cigarettes, but not their possession, while others ban nicotine-containing liquids.

The strictest countries are the ones who forbid- or at least strongly frown upon everything - from the sale and import to the use of them altogether.

The main reason for most of these countries putting restrictions in place is a 2008 report by the World Health Organisation (WHO), which highlighted their concerns about e-cigarette use.

This was followed by a study in 2016 by WHO which recommended e-cigarettes should be banned in indoor areas or where smoking is prohibited.

In their findings, the WHO said that there was insufficient evidence to suggest that e-cigarettes help smokers give up, and that they encourage younger users to experiment with different flavours.

It added that while the products are less toxic than real cigarettes, they still pose a health risk.

The findings had a big effect on the governments of certain countries, with some banning vape pens altogether.

But to help you on your next holiday, we've produced a handy guide to where you can't currently smoke e-cigarettes.

Countries where vaping is banned

Brits travelling to Thailand should leave their e-cigarettes behind or risk ending up in prison, as the country has some of the strictest laws.

According to the UK Foreign Office, any e-cigarettes found by Thai officials are likely to be confiscated, and the owner could fined or sent to prison for up to ten years.

Over in South America, Argentinian and Venezuelan officials frown on personal vaporisers.

While travellers have reported being able to vape in some public places, be aware that you may be fined.

Last year, Cambodia, Lebanon, Philippines and Vietnam joined Thailand in banning e-cigarettes as well.

Meanwhile, visitors to Brazil are also warned off smoking e-cigarettes - the country banned their manufacture and sale in 2014 and officials have been known to hand out fines for any product confiscated.

Uruguay also put a blanket ban on electronic cigarettes in 2009, when the Minister of Health claimed that the presence of toxic gases and lack of proof that e-cigarettes work as effective tools to quit smoking were reason enough.

Nearby Jordan, Oman and Qatar have also banned e-cigarettes, with the reasoning that nicotine is damaging to the health - despite the fact that cigarettes are still legal.

In Taiwan, e-cigarettes are classed as a regulated drug, meaning their import and sale can lead to prison sentences and fines.

Countries where vaping is restricted

While some countries ban vaping altogether, in others it's more of a grey area.

In Australia for example, it is legal to use vape pens but the liquid nicotine is illegal, despite recent campaigning groups fighting to allow the use of nicotine.

Japan has the same law banning nicotine liquids.

Meanwhile in Canada, vaping is prohibited for under-19-year-olds. And while it is allowed in many establishments, it is seen as rude not to ask first.

A number of US states are also proposing new laws to prevent minors from buying vaping pens.

India is confusing as the states of Karnataka, Kerala, Punjab, Jammu and Kashmir, Mizoram and Maharashtra have banned vaping, while it is allowed in other parts of the country.

Hong Kong introduced a ban on the sales of vapes last month, and while vaping remains legal, could change very soon.

Most of Europe allows vaping, as long as it is not in a public establishment, but Norway is the exception to this as the use of nicotine with vaping is banned.

Dan Marchant, Director of Vape Club told Sun Online: "As the popularity and awareness of vaping increases around the world, the laws surrounding it are also constantly changing, so it is vital that Brits seek up to date advice before travelling.

"We hear of different attitudes towards vaping coming from countries where vape products have been banned, though of course if vaping is banned in your country of travel it's best to not risk a fine, or worse, from the police.

"One other important thing to remember is to keep vape batteries in your hand luggage as they are required to be kept in a pressure controlled environment."

Some countries have gone the other way and are legalising vaping and e-cigarettes - the Seycelles and the UAE are to allow them later this year.

In February, an e-cigarette erupted into flames in the overhead locker of a flight while passengers were boarding, although crew were quickly able to extinguish it.

The health benefits of vaping have been mixed, with many claiming they can cause lung problems and still contain harmful chemicals.

However they have been recommended by health officials as a way to give up smoking, with less health issues than normal cigarettes.

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Countries where vaping is banned or restricted, including Thailand and Mexico

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Vaping Brits should check before travelling with their e-cigarettes as many popular holiday destinations explicitly ban them from being used in the country. Thailand, Egypt and Turkey are just some places where you could be fined or even sent to prison for vaping.

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“Ch. 6 E Juice and You.” OnVaping, 31 Jan. 2017, onvaping.com/guide/beginners-guide-to-vaping/ch-6-e-juice-and-you/.
“What Is Vaping | Is Vaping Safe | Health Benefits Of Vaping.” American Vaping Association, vaping.org/about-us/what-is-vaping/.
“5 Truths You Need to Know About Vaping.” Johns Hopkins Medicine Health Library, www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/5-truths-you-need-to-know-about-vaping.
Jones, Lora. “Vaping - the Rise in Five Charts.” BBC News, BBC, 31 May 2018, www.bbc.com/news/business-44295336.
Team, Rehab Center Editorial. “The Best Evidence-Based Addiction Treatments.” Find Rehab Centers Based On Your Needs, 1 Apr. 2019, www.rehabcenter.net/the-best-evidence-based-addiction-treatments/.
Detroit Free Press. “Lapeer Middle Schoolers Rushed to Hospital after Vaping.” Detroit Free Press, Detroit Free Press, 27 Feb. 2019, www.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/2019/02/27/lapeer-middle-school-vaping/3005637002/.
Payne, Emily. “Countries Where Vaping Is Banned or Restricted, Including Thailand and Mexico.” The Sun, The Sun, 4 Apr. 2019, www.thesun.co.uk/travel/4289492/countries-vaping-banned-explained/.