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Throat cancer is the cancer of the voice box, the vocal cords, and other parts of the throat, such as the tonsils and oropharynx. Throat cancer is often grouped into two categories: pharyngeal cancer and laryngeal cancer. If the cancer reaches the voice box it can make speech difficult and painful, as well as causing pain in the ears. Jaw pain is also common.

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In order to diagnose throat cancer, a doctor may recommend using a scope to get a closer look at your throat so that they can see if there are any signs of cancerous development  A special lighted scope (endoscope) is commonly used to get a close look at your throat during a procedure called endoscopy, one of the main procedures used to detect throat cancer. Sometimes throat cancer can be harder to detect when it is in its earlier stages. Some signs that people should look for if they think they could have it are a sore throat that does not go away, a lump in the throat or neck, and ear pain.

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If you have been diagnosed with throat cancer or you have suspicions that you might have it, it’s important to immediately seek medical treatment. Some signs that you should pay attention to  for possible throat cancer are a bad cough, changes in voice, difficulty swallowing, ear pain, a lump that doesn’t heal, sore throat and weight loss.

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The most common cause of throat cancer is an addiction to smoking cigarettes. This is because of the tobacco and other harmful chemicals in the cigarettes damage the healthy cells in the throat and lungs. Lots of people who smoke end up with either lung or throat cancer, making them 2 of the most common cancers. Throat cancer can also be brought on by a large amount of alcohol consumption, so it's important not to overdrink. HPV infections can also lead to this cancer and so can exposure to asbestos.

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1. Radiation Therapy. Radiation therapy uses high-energy beams from sources like X-rays to deliver radiation to the cancer cells, causing them to die. It mostly comes from a large machine outside your body (external beam radiation). For more-advanced throat cancers, radiation therapy may be combined with chemotherapy or surgery, as the radiation may not be enough to fight it off. Also,In very advanced throat cancers, radiation therapy may be used to reduce signs and symptoms and make you more comfortable.

2. Surgery. Depending on the severity and location of the cancer doctors could opt to do one of 2 types of surgery to try and remove the cancerous tumor. The first type of surgery would be to try and remove all of the cancer development. This is effective if the cancer hasn’t developed far. The second kind of surgery would be to remove part of the voice box or throat, this would be a more serious surgery because it could harm speech, although it is possible to regain some speech afterwards with help.

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The survival rates for throat cancer change dramatically change depending on when it is noticed and how early treatment begins. If caught in stage 1, survival rates are quite high as about 90% of people survive, but if caught once it has spread and grown, survival rates can be as low as 25%. This shows how important early diagnosis is and how signs and symptoms should not be ignored.

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Some things you should consider implementing into your lifestyle in order to reduce your risk of throat cancer are:

Stop smoking or don't start smoking. The first and most important tip is not smoking.  Stopping smoking can be very difficult, but it’s also the main cause of throat and lung cancer. The best decision is to never start smoking, but if you have, stop. The second most important thing to remember is to only drink alcohol only in moderation. Excess alcohol drinking can poison cells and lead to cancerous development, so it’s important to not over drink.  Also, choosing a healthy diet full of fruits and vegetables can be helpful. Eating healthy can reduce your risk for all cancers, but it is also a good lifestyle choice to keep in mind, so it helps all around.

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If a person loses their ability to speak from throat cancer of the treatment, there are still different ways the person could learn to speak or communicate again.

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Throat cancer. (2018, August 11). Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/throat-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20366496
Admin. (2018, June 19). What Patients Should Know in Decision Making. Retrieved from https://www.rogelcancercenter.org/head-and-neck-cancer/voicebox/what-patients-should-know
Throat cancer. (2018, August 11). Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/throat-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20366462