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This involves the developing control over ones body especially physical coordination.

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Arnold Gessell believed biological processes caused predictable pattern sequences amongst each child, however that each child reached that milestone at a different pace. This is also commonly known as the maturation theory, where it is believed that both internal and external factors play a role in the development of a child's maturation.
Understanding this theory allows parents to comprehend that although each child develops at different rates, the pattern sequence remains the same.

References:
Gesell Theory. (n.d.). Retrieved March 27, 2019, from https://gesellinstitute.org/pages/gesell-theory
Growth and Development Theory: ARNOLD GESELL (1880 – 1961). (2017). Retrieved from https://schoolworkhelper.net/growth-and-development-theory-arnold-gesell-1880-–-1961/

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Children should be able to begin to run lightly on toes. This is essential because the child is beginning to realize that they can control weight displacement.
Another important domain for children this age is to be able to gallop, run, or walk in a rhythmic way.

Reference:
Information on Children Ages. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://allaboutyoungchildren.org/english/48-months-to-60-months/#phy-dev

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Children this age should be able to locate and describe the outcomes of different muscle functions. This is an essential milestone because it demonstrates the child's awareness about their physical body.

Reference:
Ohio's New Learning Styles. Kindergarten through grade three. Retrieved from
http://education.ohio.gov/getattachment/Topics/Early-Learning/Early-Learning-Content-Standards/Ohios-Kindergarten-Through-Grade-3-Learning-and-D/K-3-Standards.pdf.aspx

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Example about body awareness from journal entry:

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Example about body awareness from journal entry:

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Child sits on knees and uses both hands to grip the wheel attached to the bin. She gradually begins to rock side to side as she carefully ensures she doesn't tip over.

Reference:
Running Record, 2-26-19 at the SSU Children's school

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When children approach his/her five year mark, the child should be able to have a developed sense of balance. This means the child should be able to balance on one leg for several seconds.

Reference:
Information on Children Ages. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://allaboutyoungchildren.org/english/36-months-to-48-months/#phy-dev

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Children this age should be able to:
-control their ability to stop running on command.
-determine a sense of spatial awareness
-balance during both active play and daily activities.

These domains are important for parents to keep in mind when they are trying to help their child better master these skills.

References:
Kindergarten Readiness Assessment Maryland State Department of Education, Physical Well-Being and Motor Development

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This image provides an example of a child beginning to control his body coordination within the circles placed on the floor.

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Children this age should be able to demonstrate the capability to:
-turn pages singly in books
-hold a crayon or writing utensil with a three-finger grasped of dominant hand
-use a spoon without spilling
-use eye hand coordination to carryout activities.

References:
Kindergarten Readiness Assessment Maryland State Department of Education, Physical Well-Being and Motor Development

The Developmental Checklist, Cengage Learning Wadsworth 2010.

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Children begin alternating feet while walking upstairs at the age of four. By the time the child is five, the child should be able to walk both up and down the stairs while alternating feet and without the assistance of a handle.

References:
Information on Children Ages. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://allaboutyoungchildren.org/english/48-months-to-60-months/#phy-dev