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the Antandroy tribelands are in the south.

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They elevate their houses using stilts to withstand cyclones and/or floods

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The island's highest peak is Mount Maromokotro: 9,436 feet.

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Lavasoa-Ambatotsirongorongo Mountains is a mountain range in southern Madagascar with 3 peaks.

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Andringitra Massif is a granite range in Andringitra National Park.

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Betsimisaraka tribeland is in the east of Madagascar.

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improved transportation systems

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tracks and airports being made for trains and planes.

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Roads are being paved, all though not many are

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Air Madagascar: airline that offers domestic flights.

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train between Tana and the southeast coast

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French immigrants live in Madagascar

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Imports: Refined Petroleum, Rice, Cars, Raw Sugar, Delivery Trucks

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Major exports:coffee, cloves, vanilla, sugar, and tobacco

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138th of exports in the world

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climate change, Madagascar needs to adapt

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Madagascar is known for plagues: become immune? find cures?

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2000 years ago: people came to Madagascar, attempted to unify the entire island

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good farming land: agriculture is a big part of their lives

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Very superstitious in tribes: take it seriously: witches, charms, magic, fate.

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Interaction Between People & Environment

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Interaction Between People & Environment

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erosion and deforestation have endangered tons of species

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thousands of varieties of flowering and medicinal plants.

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species include chameleons, tortoises, fossas, lemurs.

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80% of world's flora and fauna is only in Madagascar.

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Rainy season, September to April. Dry, cool weather May to August.

Only mountainous inland areas have cold winters.

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tropical along the coast, temperate inland, arid in the south

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There are 18 Malagasy tribes, live in historical land

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people of other tribes speak other dialects - still understand official Malagasy

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there is official Malagasy, and branches of it

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alphabet has no c, q, u, w, or x.

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Malagasy is a unique mixture of Malaysian, Indonesian, Bantu, Arabic, and other African languages

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Malagasy and French are main languages

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7% Muslims

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report wants/needs to ancestors - sacrifice cattle to them

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Catholics soon outnumbered Protestants

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41% Christians - first bible printed in 1835 in Madagascar.

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Ancestor veneration rooted deeply in their culture

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ancestors: intermediaries between gods and living

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52% have indigenous beliefs: called Andriamanitra or Zanahary.

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highest point: Mt. Maromokotro: 9,436ft

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large, central plateau: 4,500ft in elevation

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major rivers flow into Mozambique Channel

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West is hilly, dry

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South also has a desert-like landscape

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North: white beaches

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population is rank 51st; about 23.8 million people

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capital is Antananarivo

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approximately 226.7 million square miles

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South and East: narrow, coastal strip of Rainforests

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It is east of Southern Africa

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It is southwest of the Comoro Islands

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It is west of Reunion and west of Mauritius

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It is east of Mozambique

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It is in the Indian Ocean

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About the size of Ukraine

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2x size of Arizona

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4th largest island in the world

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Southern and Eastern Hemispheres

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20ºSouth, 47ºEast