# data[].attributes.headline
Properties of Pharmaceutical Compounds | Mahendra Trivedi

# data[].attributes.subject
Properties of Pharmaceutical Compounds | Mahendra Trivedi

# data[].attributes.body
The compounds selected in this study for biofield treatment are urea, thiourea, sodium carbonate and magnesium sulphate, which have wide applications in pharmaceutical industry.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
urea; thiourea; sodium carbonate; magnesium
sulphate; biofield treatment; fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
An Impact of Biofield Treatment on Spectroscopic Characterization of Pharmaceutical Compounds

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The stability of any pharmaceutical compound is most desired quality that determines its shelf life and effectiveness. The stability can be correlated to structural and bonding pro..

# data[].attributes.headline
Mahendra Trivedi Scientific Study on Pseudomonas Fluorescens

# data[].attributes.subject
Mahendra Trivedi Scientific Study on Pseudomonas Fluorescens

# data[].attributes.body
Pseudomonas fluorescens is a common Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium. Study Mahendra Trivedi scientific study to improve the genus of pseudomonas fluorescens.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
antimicrobial sensitivity of p. fluorescens

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
biochemical characteristics of p. fluorescens

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of p. fluorescens

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
"Antimicrobial Sensitivity Pattern of Pseudomonas fluorescens after Biofield Treatment" by Mahendra Kumar Trivedi

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Global emergence of Pseudomonas fluorescens (P. fluorescens) displays a mechanism of resistance to all existing antimicrobials. Due to its strong ability to acquire resistance, there is a need of some alternative treatment strategy. Objective of this study was to investigate the effect of biofield treatment on antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of P.

# data[].attributes.headline
Mahendra Trivedi Publication on Future Control & Automation

# data[].attributes.subject
Mahendra Trivedi Publication on Future Control & Automation

# data[].attributes.body
Mahendra Trivedi demonstrate in this paper that this unusual effect on sieve size distribution, apparent density and flow of several metal powders under PM plant conditions.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Thought Intervention through Biofield Changing Metal Powder Characteristics Experiments on Powder Characterisation at a PM Plant

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
In earlier papers the effect of Mr. Trivedi's thought intervention through biofield in his physical presence on the atomic, crystalline and particle characteristics of first series of transition metal

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	




	
	
		Join Discussion of Mahendra Trivedi on Disqus
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	




	
	
		Join Discussion of Mahendra Trivedi on Disqus
	

# data[].attributes.body
Participate in Mahendra Trivedi discussion on various topic like microbiology, materials science, pharmalogy and many on Disqus.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Mahendra Kumar Trivedi earned his 5-year Bachelor's degree in Mechanical Engineering in 1985 and worked as an Engineer for 10 years. In 1995, Mr. Trivedi discovered that he had the unique ability to harness the energy from the universe and transmit it to anywhere on the globe, infusing it into living organisms and nonliving materials, thus optimizing their potential.

# data[].attributes.headline
Mahendra Trivedi - The Transformational Leader | Omega

# data[].attributes.subject
Mahendra Trivedi - The Transformational Leader | Omega

# data[].attributes.body
Mahendra Trivedi is known throughout the world for his powerful energy transmission known as The Trivedi Effect. Join him to know more!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Mahendra Trivedi is known throughout the world for his powerful energy transmissions. Born in India, Trivedi is founder of The Trivedi Foundation, whose goal is to usher in a new era that integrates scientific research and consciousness to vastly improve the human condition.

# data[].attributes.headline
Mahendra Trivedi Scientific Studies on Scholarpedia

# data[].attributes.subject
Mahendra Trivedi Scientific Studies on Scholarpedia

# data[].attributes.body
Mahendra Trivedi has compiled a remarkable track record of success, including around 4,000 well-documented scientific studies on his ability to profoundly affect matter down to the level of the atom.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
User:Mahendra Kumar Trivedi - Scholarpedia

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Mr. Mahendra Kumar Trivedi completed his Bachelor's degree in Mechanical Engineering from Madhya Pradesh University, India. In 1995, he discovered his true potential to induce The Trivedi Effect®. He is the founder of the Trivedi Global Inc., USA.

# data[].attributes.body
Mahendra Trivedi is one of the most famous spiritual healers/leaders. He has the higher level of consciousness. Commonly known as the Trivedi Effect.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Master of energy transformation, Mr. Mahendra Trivedi is one of the most famous spiritual healers/leaders. He has the higher level of consciousness. Commonly known as the Trivedi Effect.

# data[].attributes.body
Follow Mahendra Trivedi on CrunchBase to know more about the latest events in the field of Materials Science & Researches.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Mahendra Trivedi - Trivedi Foundation @ Trivedi Foundation - A non-profit organization | Crunchbase

# data[].attributes.body
Join Mahendra Trivedi professional profile on Linkedin and Get all the information on his scientific researches after following him!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Mahendra Trivedi | Professional Profile | LinkedIn

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
View Mahendra Trivedi's profile on LinkedIn, the world's largest professional community. Mahendra has 2 jobs listed on their profile. See the complete profile on LinkedIn and discover Mahendra's connections and jobs at similar companies.

# data[].attributes.headline
Biofield Science, Researches & Tests by Mahendra Trivedi

# data[].attributes.subject
Biofield Science, Researches & Tests by Mahendra Trivedi

# data[].attributes.body
Visit Mahendra Trivedi on Researcherid and know more about the Biofield Science researches done to evaluate its impact on numerous compounds.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
No researcher profile was found for Researcher ID {0}. We respect the privacy of individual researchers and only post information for people who have chosen to be listed and/or have their information public on this site.

# data[].attributes.headline
Mahendra Trivedi & Biofield Science Researches

# data[].attributes.subject
Mahendra Trivedi & Biofield Science Researches

# data[].attributes.body
View Mahendra Trivedi’s researches on Biofield Science to evaluate its impact on numerous living organism and nonliving compounds.

# data[].attributes.headline
Biofield Science & Influence on Cultured Cells

# data[].attributes.subject
Biofield Science & Influence on Cultured Cells

# data[].attributes.body
Visit to know how Biofield Science can alter the behavior of Cultured Brain Tumor Cells. Read the research conducted by Mahendra Trivedi.

# data[].attributes.headline
Evaluating The Impact of Biofield Science

# data[].attributes.subject
Evaluating The Impact of Biofield Science

# data[].attributes.body
Mahendra Trivedi has been identified as a man full of miracles because the abilities and things he has proven capable of through scientific application.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Berkeley Electronic Press Selected Works

# data[].attributes.headline
Evaluation of Nocardia otitidis after Biofield Treatment

# data[].attributes.subject
Evaluation of Nocardia otitidis after Biofield Treatment

# data[].attributes.body
In this study Mahendra Kumar Trivedi Biofield Treatment evaluated the effect on Nocardia Otitidis. The strain of N. otitidis (ATCC 14630) was divided into two parts, control and treated.

# data[].attributes.headline
Nocardia Otitidis after Biofield Energy Treatment

# data[].attributes.subject
Nocardia Otitidis after Biofield Energy Treatment

# data[].attributes.body
The aim of present study was to investigate the impact of biofield energy treatment on Nocardia Otitidis. The study was performed in two groups i.e., control and treatment of each drug.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Evaluation of Antibiogram, Genotype and Phylogenetic Analysis of Biofield Treated Nocardia otitidis

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Nocardiosis is a soil-borne aerobic infection caused by Nocardia species commonly affects the respiratory tract. Nocardia otitidis (N. otitidis) is the key organism for non-mycobacterial tuberculosis. The current study was attempted to investigate

# data[].attributes.headline
Analysis of Biofield Treated Nocardia otitidis | Mahendra Kumar Trivedi

# data[].attributes.subject
Analysis of Biofield Treated Nocardia otitidis | Mahendra Kumar Trivedi

# data[].attributes.body
The present study was attempted to investigate the effect of Mahendra Kumar Trivedi biofield energy treatment on Nocardia otitidis and analyzed for antimicrobial susceptibility pattern.

# data[].attributes.headline
Biofield Energy Treatment on Nocardia Otitidis – Read more

# data[].attributes.subject
Biofield Energy Treatment on Nocardia Otitidis – Read more

# data[].attributes.body
To evaluate the effect of Mahendra Kumar Trivedi biofield energy treatment on Nocardia otitidis, present study was performed. Read research for getting more information on this.

# data[].attributes.headline
Evaluation & Analysis of Biofield Treated Nocardia otitidis

# data[].attributes.subject
Evaluation & Analysis of Biofield Treated Nocardia otitidis

# data[].attributes.body
The current study was attempted to investigate the effect of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment on N. otitidis and analyzed for antimicrobial susceptibility pattern.

# data[].attributes.headline
Biofield Energy Treatment Impact on Enterobacter Aerogenes

# data[].attributes.subject
Biofield Energy Treatment Impact on Enterobacter Aerogenes

# data[].attributes.body
Read this clinical study to determine the impact of Mrahendra Trivedi biofield energy treatment on multidrug resistant clinical lab isolates (LSs) of E. aerogenes.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Harish Shettigar, Gopal Nayak , Mayank Gangwar and Snehasis Jana

DOI: 10.4172/2376-0419.1000145 ISSN: 2376-0419
Citation
Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Shettigar H, Nayak G, et al. (2015) Assessment of Antibiogram of Multidrug-Resistant Isolates of Enterobacter aerogenes after Biofield Energy Treatment. J Pharma Care Health Sys 2: 145. doi:10.4172/2376-0419.1000145
Abstract:
Enterobacter aerogenes ( E. aerogenes) has been reported as the versatile opportunistic pathogen associated with the hospital infections worldwide. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of Mr. Trivedi's biofield energy treatment on multidrug resistant clinical lab isolates (LSs) of E. aerogenes. The MDR isolates of E. aerogenes (i.e., LS 45 and LS 54) were divided into two groups, i.e., control and treated. Samples were analyzed for antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), biochemical study, and biotype number using MicroScan Walk-Away ® system, on day 10 after the biofield treatment. The antimicrobial sensitivity assay showed 14.28% alteration out of twenty eight tested antimicrobials with respect to the control. The cefotetan sensitivity changed from intermediate (I) to inducible β-lactamase (IB), while piperacillin/tazobactam changed from resistant to IB in the treated LS 45. Improved sensitivity was reported in tetracycline, i.e., from I to susceptible (S) in LS 45, while chloramphenicol and tetracycline sensitivity changed from R to I in treated LS 54. Four-fold decrease in MIC value was reported in piperacillin/tazobactam, and two-fold decrease in cefotetan and tetracycline in the biofield treated LS 45 as compared to the control. MIC results showed an overall decreased MIC values in 12.50% tested antimicrobials such as chloramphenicol (16 μg/mL) and tetracycline (8 μg/mL) in LS 54. The biochemical study showed an overall 45.45% negative reaction in the tested biochemical in both the treated isolates as compared to the control. A change in biotype number was reported in MDR isolates (LS 45 and LS 54), while in LS 54, altered biotype number, i.e., 0406 0374 as compared to the control (7770 4376), with identification of the new species as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia with brown color as special characteristic. The study findings suggest that Mr. Trivedi's biofield energy treatment on clinical MDR isolates of E. aerogenes has the significant effect on altering the sensitivity of antimicrobials, decreasing the MIC values, changed biochemical reactions, and biotype number.

Keywords: Enterobacter aerogenes; Multidrug resistant; Antimicrobial susceptibility; Biofield treatment; Biochemical reactions; Biotyping
Introduction
Enterobacter is a genus of Gram-negative, rod shaped, facultative anaerobic, and non-spore forming microbes of family Enterobacteriaceae. Enterobacter aerogenes ( E. aerogenes) is well known opportunistic bacteria emerged as nosocomial pathogen in intensive care unit patients [1]. E. aerogenes was initially named as Aerobacter aerogenes, which was later in 1960 included in the genus Enterobacter. Since 1990s, E. aerogenes has been increasingly reported for resistant against different antimicrobials, leads to emergence of multidrugresistant (MDR) isolates [2]. In the last 5 years, clinical isolates of this species have shown natural resistant against aminopenicillins, often showed resistance against β-lactams antibiotics. Resistance mechanisms in β-lactams mostly involve enzymatic degradation and plasmid-mediated broad spectrum β-lactamases [3]. However, membrane permeability, enzyme degradation, and p-glycoprotein efflux pump also contribute it to enhance the level of resistance against carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, quinolones, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol [4,5]. Enterobacter species are responsible for high morbidity and mortality rate in recent years due to nosocomial infections and other health care settings [6]. Due to extended resistance of Gram-negative bacteria against almost all antibiotics, early initiation of drug therapy is required, nowadays colistin, and polymyxin antibiotic have been preferred as an alternative drugs against Gramnegative pathogens [7,8]. Recent update on colistin antibiotic, a drug of 21st century reports it's associated adverse effects and serious toxicity issues such as neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity [9]. Despite several new drug discoveries of broad spectrum drugs or combination therapies, associated toxicities are still a serious complication. Recently, an alternate treatment therapy approach called biofield healing therapies or therapeutic touch is reported with effectively inhibiting the growth of bacterial cultures [10].

The biofield is a cumulative outcome of measurable electric and magnetic field, exerted by the human body [11]. It generates through some internal processes in the human body such as blood flow, lymph flow, brain functions, and heart function. The energy mainly exists in different forms such as potential, kinetic, magnetic, electrical, and nuclear energy produced from different sources. The energy field that surrounds and penetrates the human body is collectively defined as biofield and the extent of energy associated with biofield is termed as biofield energy. Biofield treatment includes energy therapies that interact with patient's biofield and lead to improve people's health and wellbeing. Mr. Trivedi's possesses unique biofield energy, which has been experimentally studied in various research fields. Mr. Trivedi's unique biofield treatment is also known as The Trivedi Effect ®. Recently, Mr. Trivedi's biofield has made significant breakthrough and results in living organisms and nonliving materials in a different manner. In life sciences, biofield treatment has altered the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of pathogenic microbes. In some bacteria, genus as well as species was found to be altered [12-14]. Mr. Trivedi's biofield treatment has also well scientifically studied in different areas such as materials science research [15-18], biotechnology research [19,20], and agriculture research [21-23]. Due to paucity of information and considering biofield energy as an alternate treatment approach, the present work was undertaken to evaluate the impact of Mr. Trivedi's biofield energy treatment on antimicrobials susceptibility, biochemical reactions pattern, and biotype of MDR isolates of E. aerogenes.
Materials and Methods
The Two clinical MDR lab isolates (LSs) of E. aerogenes (i.e., LS 45 and LS 54) were procured from stored stock cultures in microbiology lab, Hinduja hospital, Mumbai and stored as per suggested storage conditions until further use. The acceptability of the identification media and antimicrobial agents were checked prior to the study. The antimicrobials and biochemicals used in the study were procured from Sigma Aldrich, MA, USA. The antimicrobial susceptibility, biochemical reactions, and biotype number were evaluated on MicroScan Walk- Away ® (Dade Behring Inc., West Sacramento, CA) using Negative Breakpoint Combo 30 (NBPC 30) panel. The panels were allowed to equilibrate to room temperature prior to rehydration. All opened panels were used in same day.
Inoculum preparation
The turbidity standard technique using direct inoculation of E. aerogenes was used. Using a sterile wooden applicator stick or bacteriological loop, the surface of 4-5 large or 5-10 small morphologically similar culture was touched for well-isolated colonies from an 18-24 hour non-inhibitory agar plate. Further, colonies were emulsified in 3 mL of inoculum water (autoclaved deionized water) to an equivalent of a 0.5 McFarland barium sulfate turbidity standard. 100 μL of the standardized suspension was pipetted into 25 mL of inoculum water using pluronic and inverted 8-10 times.
Biofield treatment
Treated group of E. aerogenes was subjected to biofield treatment, keeping the control group untreated. The treatment group in sealed pack was handed over to Mr. Trivedi for biofield treatment under laboratory condition. Mr. Trivedi provided the treatment through his energy transmission process to the treated groups without touching the samples. Treated samples were assessed for antimicrobial sensitivity, biochemical reactions, and biotyping as per experimental design. Whilst handing over these cultures to Mr. Trivedi for treatment purposes, optimum precautions were taken to avoid contamination.
Evaluation of antimicrobial susceptibility assay
Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of MDR E. aerogenes clinical isolates were studied using MicroScan Walk-Away ® using NBPC 30 panel as per manufacturer's instructions. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern (S: Susceptible, I: Intermediate, R: Resistant, and IB: Inducible β-lactamase) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined by observing the lowest antimicrobial concentration showing growth inhibition [24]. Antimicrobials used in susceptibility and MIC assay viz. amikacin, amoxicillin/K-clavulanate, ampicillin/ sulbactam, ampicillin, aztreonam, cefazolin, cefepime, cefotaxime, cefotetan, cefoxitin, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin, gentamicin, imipenem, levofloxacin, meropenem, moxifloxacin, norfloxacin, nitrofurantoin piperacillin, piperacillin/tazobactam, tetracycline, ticarcillin/Kclavulanate, tobramycin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.
Biochemical reaction study
Biochemical reactions of MDR isolates of E. aerogenes were determined by using MicroScan Walk-Away ® system in both control and treated groups. Biochemicals used in the study viz. acetamide, adonitol, arabinose, arginine, cetrimide, cephalothin, citrate, colistin, esculin hydrolysis, nitrofurantoin, glucose, hydrogen sulfide, indole, inositol, kanamycin, lysine, malonate, melibiose, nitrate, oxidationfermentation, galactosidase, ornithine, oxidase, penicillin, raffinose, rhamnose, sorbitol, sucrose, tartrate, tryptophan deaminase, tobramycin, urea, and Voges-Proskauer [24].
Identification by biotype number
The biotype number of MDR isolates of E. aerogenes control and treated sample were determined by MicroScan Walk-Away ® processed panel data report with the help of biochemical reaction data [24].
Results Antimicrobial susceptibility study
The antimicrobial susceptibility of control and treated MDR isolates of E. aerogenes are presented in Table 1. Biofield treatment in LS 45, showed altered sensitivity in three antimicrobials, i.e., cefotetan changed from I → IB, piperacillin/tazobactam sensitivity changed from R → IB, and tetracycline sensitivity changed from I → S. After biofield treatment, sensitivity of chloramphenicol and tetracycline were improved from R → I in LS 54. Biofield treatment on LS 45 showed 10.71%, while LS 54 showed 7.14% alterations among tested antimicrobials as compared to control (Figure 1). Overall, 14.28% antibiotics out of twenty-eight tested antimicrobials showed alteration in antimicrobial sensitivity assay with respect to control. Rest of the antimicrobials did not show any change in sensitivity pattern in clinical isolates as compared to their respective control.
Determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)
MIC values of all antimicrobials in control and biofield treated clinical MDR isolates of E. aerogenes are summarized in Table 2. Biofield treatment in LS 45, significantly reduced the MIC values of cefotetan, piperacillin/tazobactam, and tetracycline antimicrobials as compared to control. Chloramphenicol (16 μg/mL) and tetracycline (8 μg/mL) also showed decreased MIC values in LS 54 with respect to control. Four-fold decrease was observed in piperacillin/tazobactam (≤ 16 μg/mL) and two-fold decreases were found in cefotetan (≤ 16 μg/ mL) and tetracycline (≤ 4 μg/mL). Biofield treatment showed alteration in three antimicrobials MIC value in LS 45 (9.37%), while MIC of two antimicrobials showed alteration in LS 54 (6.25%) with respect to control (Figure 1). An overall 12.50% among tested antimicrobials out of thirty two showed alteration in MIC values. Rest of the antimicrobials did not show any alteration in MIC values after biofield treatment in both clinical isolates of E. aerogenes.
Biochemical and biotype number study
Biochemical study results of control and biofield treated isolates of E. aerogenes are summarized in Table 3. Results showed an overall 45.45% reverse reactions in tested biochemical as compared to control. LS 45 showed only 3.03% alteration, i.e., negative reaction (positive '+' to negative '-') in arginine, while in LS 54, showed 42.42% negative reaction after biofield treatment as compared to control (Figure 1).Adonitol, arabinose, esculin hydrolysis, glucose, inositol, melibiose, oxidation-fermentation, galactosidase, raffinose, rhamnose, sorbitol, sucrose, tartrate, and Voges-Proskauer showed negative reaction after biofield treatment in LS 54. Rest of the biochemicals did not show any change in reaction with respect to the control.

Based on the above results of biochemical reactions, significant alteration in biotype number was observed in both isolates after biofield treatment as compared to control. In LS 45, changed biotype was found as 7774 5372, as compared to control biotype number 7774 7372. New organism was identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia with brown color as special characteristics along with altered biotype number 0406 0374 after biofield treatment in LS 54 on day 10 with respect to control, 7770 4376 (Table 4).

C: Control; T: Treatment; LS: Lab Isolate; S: Susceptible; I: Intermediate; R: Resistant; IB: Inducible β-lactamase; -: Not reported
Table 1: Effect of biofield treatment on Enterobacter aerogenes to antimicrobial susceptibility.

Figure 1: Antibiogram of control and biofield treated multidrug-resistant isolates of Enterobacter aerogenes.
Discussion
Biofield treatment was reported as an alternative therapy in medical health care practice [25]. This experimental was designed to demonstrate the influence of biofield treatment on MDR isolates of E. aerogenes for its susceptibility pattern, biochemical reaction and biotype number. The emergence of MDR isolates of E. aerogenes harbored a global health problem and an emerging Gram-negative MDROs commonly associated with severe systemic and hospital acquired infections in human. MDR is an unavoidable natural phenomenon which results due to continuous discovery of newer drugs. This experiment showed that, biofield treatment induces changes in susceptibility pattern of antimicrobials such as chloramphenicol, tetracycline, cefotetan, piperacillin/tazobactam, and tetracycline as compared to control. Tetracycline and chloramphenicol showed increased sensitivity after biofield treatment in LS 54 as compared to control. Clinical isolates of E. aerogenes have a broad ability to develop antimicrobial resistance [26]. Natural resistance against chloramphenicol may be mediated either enzymatically through acetylation of the drug or mechanically via active drug efflux [27]. However, efflux mechanism is generally involved to expel the antimicrobials such as tetracycline, fluoroquinolones and chloramphenicol in Enterobacter sp. [28]. Biofield treatment on clinical isolates of E. aerogenes might act on enzymatic level which may change the mechanism of resistant against chloramphenicol and tetracycline.

A significant decreased MIC values in cefotetan, piperacillin/ tazobactam, and tetracycline antimicrobials were found after biofield treatment in LS 45. Chloramphenicol and tetracycline also showed decreased in MIC values in LS 54 along with increases antimicrobial sensitivity with respect to control. Increased incidence of nosocomial infections and broad resistance against third generation cephalosporins, penicillins and quinolones is a serious problem. A number of newer agents so called "fourth generation" antimicrobials remain effective for treatment [29,30]. Aminoglycosides, quinolones, trimethoprim/ sulphamethoxazole, and carbapenems displays good activity against Gram-negative pathogens including Enterobacter species [31,32]. Biofield treatment significantly decreased the MIC values of piperacillin/tazobactam, cefotetan, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol, which could suggest the action of biofield treatment on enzymatic/ genetic level which could affect the β-lactamases production that may lead to decrease the minimum concentration of antimicrobials required to inhibit the in vitro growth of E. aerogenes.

Several phenotypic identification tests were available to differentiate the Enterobacter species. Experimental identification of E. aerogenes was performed using a series of biochemical analysis. Basic characteristics of Enterobacter species in biochemical reactions are presence of Voges- Proskauer, sucrose, dextrose, glucose, lactose, rhaminose, citrate, lysine, ornithine decarboxylase, and motile in nature. Indole, methyl red and hydrogen sulphide are the negative characteristics test of Enterobacter species. Enterobacter aerogenes is a common contaminant of vegetable matter which generally forms shiny colonies with entire margins and convex elevation [33]. Biochemical reactions of control MDR isolates of E. aerogenes were well supported with literature data [34]. Biofield treatment showed alteration, i.e., negative reaction in arginine biochemical in LS 45 and adonitol, arabinose, esculin hydrolysis, glucose, inositol, melibiose, oxidation-fermentation, galactosidase, raffinose, rhamnose, sorbitol, sucrose, tartrate and Voges-Proskauer in LS 54 as compared to control, which is the basic character of Enterobacter species. Various biochemical mechanisms are involved in biochemical, such as enzymatic alteration involved in sugar transferase, isomerization of biochemical, hydrolyzing reactions, etc. [35]. Biofield treatment on MDR isolates of E. aerogenes may alter the enzymatic biochemical reactions which could show result in altered biochemical reactions as compared to control.

Biotyping was also performed using an automated system and found a significant changed in biotype number in both isolates on day 10, and a new organism was identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia after biofield treatment in LS 54 as compared to control. The results of biotype number and identification of new species are based on the biochemical reaction pattern of control and treated samples. The biochemical reaction patterns of LS 54 after biofield treatment are well supported with literature data [36], which suggest the alteration in species as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (Table 4). Based on this, biochemical reaction pattern, biotype number and identified species results are well collaborated.

In biomedical health care system, biofield therapies are very popularly used to enhance human wellbeing and helps in minimizing patient's health [25]. Biofield treatment might act as a communication system using electromagnetic frequencies which will carry message from environment to organism and vice versa [37]. However, National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine/National Institute of Health (NCCAM/NIH), now defined biofield therapies in subcategory of energy therapies as one of the five complementary medicine domains [25]. In microbiology, Mr. Trivedi's biofield treatment was reported on pathogenic microorganism which altered the phenotypic characteristics of microorganism [12-14]. Alteration in antimicrobials sensitivity pattern after treatment might involve cell receptor protein and its interactions at molecular level. Experimental data showed that, biofield treatment include significant changes in susceptibility pattern of antimicrobials, biochemical reactions, MIC values, and biotype number. Biofield treatment could be an alternative approach to study the alteration in sensitivity pattern of MDR isolates.

MIC values are presented in μg/mL; -: Not Reported; ESBL-a, b Scrn: Extended- Spectrum β- Lactamase screen
Table 2: Effect of biofield treatment on Enterobacter aerogenes to MIC value of tested antimicrobials.

C: Control; T: Treatment; LS: Lab Isolate; - (negative); + (positive)
Table 3: Effect of biofield treatment on Enterobacter aerogenes to the vital processes occurring in living organisms.

C: Control; T: Treatment; LS: Lab Isolate; -: Not Reported

Table 4: Effect of biofield treatment on bio typing of Enterobacter aerogenes.
Conclusions
Overall data illustrate that there has a significant impact of biofield treatment on antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, MIC values, biochemical reactions, and biotype number in clinical MDR isolates of E. aerogenes. Antimicrobial sensitivity assay showed 14.28% alteration, MIC values were significantly decreased, i.e., 12.50% among tested antimicrobials. Biochemical study showed an overall 45.45% altered reactions in tested biochemical as compared to control after biofield treatment in clinical isolates. On the basis of changed biotype number (0406 0374), new organism was identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia with brown color as special characteristics after biofield treatment in LS 54 as compared to control (7770 4376). Mr. Trivedi's biofield energy treatment could be applied to improve the sensitivity of antimicrobials, which may be an alternative therapeutic healing approach in medical science to fight against infections due to the emergence of multi drug-resistant strain of E. aerogenes.
Acknowledgements
Authors gratefully acknowledged the whole team of PD Hinduja National Hospital and MRC, Mumbai, Microbiology Lab for their support. Authors also would like to thanks Trivedi Science, Trivedi master wellness and Trivedi testimonials for their support during the work.
References
1. Davin-Regli A, Pages JM (2015) Enterobacter aerogenes and Enterobacter cloacae; versatile bacterial pathogens confronting antibiotic treatment. Front Microbiol 6: 392.
2. Davin-Regli A, Bolla JM, James CE, Lavigne JP, Chevalier J, et al. (2008) Membrane permeability and regulation of drug "influx and efflux" in enterobacterial pathogens. Curr Drug Targets 9: 750-759.
3. Jacoby GA (2009) AmpC beta-lactamases. Clin Microbiol Rev 22: 161-182, Table of Contents.
4. Nikaido H (2003) Molecular basis of bacterial outer membrane permeability revisited. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 67: 593-656.
5. Pages JM, James CE, Winterhalter M (2008) The porin and the permeating antibiotic: A selective diffusion barrier in Gram-negative bacteria. Nat Rev Microbiol 6: 893-903.
6. Chang SC, Chen YC, Hsu LY (1990) [Epidemiologic study of pathogens causing nosocomial infections]. J Formos Med Assoc 89: 1023-1030, 1015.
7. Stein A, Raoult D (2002) Colistin: an antimicrobial for the 21st century? Clin Infect Dis 35: 901-902.
8. Markou N, Apostolakos H, Koumoudiou C, Athanasiou M, Koutsoukou A, et al. (2003) Intravenous colistin in the treatment of sepsis from multiresistant Gramnegative bacilli in critically ill patients. Crit Care 7: R78-83.
9. Biswas S, Brunel JM, Dubus JC, Reynaud-Gaubert M, Rolain JM (2012) Colistin: An update on the antibiotic of the 21st century. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 10: 917-934.
10. Lucchetti G, de Oliveira RF, Gonçalves JP, Ueda SM, Mimica LM, et al. (2013) Effect of Spiritist "passe" (Spiritual healing) on growth of bacterial cultures. Complement Ther Med 21: 627-632.
11. Movaffaghi Z, Farsi M (2009) Biofield therapies: biophysical basis and biological regulations? Complement Ther Clin Pract 15: 35-37.
12. Trivedi MK, Patil S, Shettigar H, Gangwar M, Jana S (2015) Antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of Pseudomonas fluorescens after biofield treatment. J Infect Dis Ther 3: 222.
13. Trivedi MK, Patil S, Shettigar H, Bairwa K, Jana S (2015) Phenotypic and biotypic characterization of Klebsiella oxytoca: An impact of biofield treatment. J Microb Biochem Technol 7: 203-206.
14. Trivedi MK, Patil S, Shettigar H, Bairwa K, Jana S (2015) Effect of biofield treatment on phenotypic and genotypic characteristic of Provindencia rettgeri. Mol Biol 4: 129.
15. Trivedi MK, Nayak G, Patil S, Tallapragada RM, Latiyal O (2015) Studies of the atomic and crystalline characteristics of ceramic oxide nano powders after bio field treatment. Ind Eng Manage 4: 161.
16. Trivedi MK, Patil S, Tallapragada RM (2013) Effect of biofield treatment on the physical and thermal characteristics of silicon, tin and lead powders. J Material Sci Eng 2: 125.
17. Trivedi MK, Patil S, Tallapragada RM (2013) Effect of biofield treatment on the physical and thermal characteristics of vanadium pentoxide powder. J Material Sci Eng S11: 001.
18. Trivedi MK, Patil S, Tallapragada RM (2015) Effect of biofield treatment on the physical and thermal characteristics of aluminium powders. Ind Eng Manage 4: 151.
19. Patil SA, Nayak GB, Barve SS, Tembe RP, Khan RR (2012) Impact of biofield treatment on growth and anatomical characteristics of Pogostemon cablin (Benth.). Biotechnology 11: 154-162.
20. Nayak G, Altekar N (2015) Effect of biofield treatment on plant growth and adaptation. J Environ Health Sci 1: 1-9.
21. Shinde V, Sances F, Patil S, Spence A (2012) Impact of biofield treatment on growth and yield of lettuce and tomato. Aust J Basic Appl Sci 6: 100-105.
22. Sances F, Flora E, Patil S, Spence A, Shinde V (2013) Impact of biofield treatment on ginseng and organic blueberry yield. Agrivita J Agric Sci 35: 22-29.
23. Lenssen AW (2013) Biofield and fungicide seed treatment influences on soybean productivity, seed quality and weed community. Agricultural Journal 8: 138-143.
24. Fader RC, Weaver E, Fossett R, Toyras M, Vanderlaan J, et al. (2013) Multilaboratory study of the biomic automated well-reading instrument versus MicroScan WalkAway for reading MicroScan antimicrobial susceptibility and identification panels. J Clin Microbiol 51: 1548-1554.
25. Clarke TC, Black LI, Stussman BJ, Barnes PM, Nahin RL (2015) Trends in the use of complementary health approaches among adults: Unites States, 20022012. National health statistics reports; no 79. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.
26. Miró E, Alonso C, Navarro F, Mirelis B, Prats G (1995) [Resistencia alimipenemen Enterobacter aerogenes]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 13: 278-282.
27. Ghisalberti D, Masi M, Pagès JM, Chevalier J (2005) Chloramphenicol and expression of multidrug efflux pump in Enterobacter aerogenes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 328: 1113-1118.
28. Mallea M, Chevalier J, Bornet CE, Eyraud A, Davin-Regli A, et al. (1998) Porin alteration and active efflux: Two in vivo drug resistance strategies used by Enterobacter aerogenes. Microbiology 144: 3003-3009.
29. Chow JW, Fine MJ, Shlaes DM, Quinn JP, Hooper DC, et al. (1991) Enterobacter bacteremia: Clinical features and emergence of antibiotic resistance during therapy. Ann Intern Med 115: 585-590.
30. Segreti J, Levin S (1996) Bacteriologic and clinical applications of a new extended-spectrum parenteral cephalosporin. Am J Med 100: 45S-51S.
31. Norrby SR (1995) Carbapenems. Med Clin North Am 79: 745-759.
32. Jones RN (2001) Resistance patterns among nosocomial pathogens: Trends over the past few years. Chest 119: 397S-404S.
33. Zabransky RJ, Hall JW, Day FE, Needham GM (1969) Klebsiella, Enterobacter, and Serratia: Biochemical differentiation and susceptibility to ampicillin and three cephalosporin derivatives. Appl Microbiol 18: 198-203.
34. MacFaddin JF (1980) Biochemical tests for identification of medical bacteria. (2nd edn), Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore.
35. Schramm VL (2011) Chemical mechanisms in biochemical reactions. J Am Chem Soc 133: 13207-13212.
36. Denton M, Kerr KG (1998) Microbiological and clinical aspects of infection associated with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Clin Microbiol Rev 11: 57-80.
37. Warber SL, Gordon A, Gillespie BW, Olson M, Assefi N (2003) Standards for conducting clinical biofield energy healing research. Altern Ther Health Med 9: A54-A64.
Download the original manuscript

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Enterobacter Aerogenes Characteristics | Biofield Treatment

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Harish Shettigar, Gopal Nayak , Mayank Gangwar and Snehasis Jana DOI: 10.4172/2376-0419.1000145 ISSN: 2376-0419 Citation Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Shettigar H, Nayak G, et al. (2015) Assessment of Antibiogram of Multidrug-Resistant Isolates of Enterobacter aerogenes after Biofield Energy Treatment.

# data[].attributes.headline
TrivediScience | Biofield Treated Klebsiella pneumoniae

# data[].attributes.subject
TrivediScience | Biofield Treated Klebsiella pneumoniae

# data[].attributes.body
Biofield energy as the complementary medicine is well documented and considered as alternate medicine approach worldwide. Present study demonstrate the impact of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield treatment on K. pneumoniae.

# data[].attributes.headline
An Open Access Study on The Treatment of Cancer Cells

# data[].attributes.subject
An Open Access Study on The Treatment of Cancer Cells

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Shrikant Patil, Harish Shettigar, Mayank Gangwar and Snehasis Jana*

DOI: 10.4172/1948-5956.1000358 ISSN: 1948-5956
Citation
Trivedi MK, Patil S, Shettigar H, Gangwar M, Jana S (2015) In Vitro Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Cancer Biomarkers Involved in Endometrial and Prostate Cancer Cell Lines. J Cancer Sci Ther 7: 253-257. doi:10.4172/1948-5956.1000358
Abstract
Increasing cancer rates particularly in the developed world are associated with related lifestyle and environmental exposures. Combined immunotherapy and targeted therapies are the main treatment approaches in advanced and recurrent cancer. An alternate approach, energy medicine is increasingly used in life threatening problems to promote human wellness. This study aimed to investigate the effect of biofield treatment on cancer biomarkers involved in human endometrium and prostate cancer cell lines. Each cancer cell lines were taken in two sealed tubes i.e. one tube was considered as control and another tube was subjected to Mr. Trivedi's biofield treatment, referred as treated. Control and treated samples were studied for the determination of cancer biomarkers such as multifunctional cytokines viz. interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R), prostate specific antigen (PSA), and free prostate specific antigen (FPSA) concentrations using ELISA assay on day 10. Experimental results showed a significant reduction of IL-6 level in endometrium (12%) and prostate (98.8%) cancer cell lines while a significant increase was observed in TNF-α level in endometrium (385%) and prostate (89.8%) cancer cell lines as compared to control. No alteration of PSA level was observed in biofield treated endometrium and prostate cell line. Similarly, no alterations were evident in IL-2R and FPSA levels in endometrium and prostate cell lines after biofield treatment as compared to control. In conclusion, results suggest that biofield treatment has shown significant alterations in the level of cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) in both endometrium and prostate cancer cell lines.

Keywords: Biofield treatment; Cancer biomarker; ELISA; TNF-α; IL-6; Prostate cancer; Endometrium cancer
Introduction
Cancer has the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body which involves abnormal cell growth. Endometrium cancer (EC) is the most common type of uterine cancer which starts in the endometrium. EC cases are increasing worldwide and even higher in developing countries [1]. However, physicians have developed new diagnostic techniques and treatments, which results in decreased reported cases of cancer in developing countries [2]. Endometrioid adenocarcinoma is the most common type of EC with clear cell histologic appearance made up of cells in glands that look much like the normal uterine lining (endometrium) [3]. The survival rate in an early and advanced stage of diagnosed EC is less than five years [4], and chances of about 50% recurrence after postoperative therapy is still high [5]. Most common cancer in male, especially in the western world causing death is prostate cancer (PC). In the United States, approximately 238,590 new cases of PC with a death of about 29,720 cases [6]. Progression of PC is through a multi-step development such as involvement of growth factor, cytokines, and hormones [7].

Role of immune cells estimation in microenvironment of tumor has been well established. On the primary hormonal basis, these immune cells in tumor respond to produce a wide range of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. Interleukins (IL-1, IL-6, and IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) are the common inflammatory markers used in diagnosis [8]. IL-6 and TNF-α, are considered as the major cancer biomarkers of a network involved in EC and PC development with multiple biological characteristics [9,10]. TNF-α, is a multifunctional cytokine which plays a major role in cell death and survival, as well as in inflammation and immunity. TNF-α increases susceptibility to heat-induced cell death (apoptosis) in a time time dependent manner, an important protective cellular activity. IL-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine, which exerts inflammatory and immune response on various cell types including prostate carcinomas. Serum IL-6 is the surrogate marker in the clinical stage of PC. High concentrations of serum IL-6 are associated with an increased risk of death in patients with cancer. Expression of IL-2R, PSA and FPSA are the robust biomarkers in predicting a diagnosis assay for prostate cancer. Normally, IL-2R and IL-6 concentrations were significantly higher in prostate cancer tissue than in normal tissue.

In the last 70 years, cancer treatment strategies have rapidly increased. Chemotherapy always associated with attached side effects such as hair loss, nausea, vomiting, cognitive dysfunction, change in sexual function and adverse impact on patient's quality of life [11]. Surgery is still the main treatment strategy for early-stage diagnosis of cancer, but for advanced and reoccurrence cases multimodality therapies like radiations and chemotherapy being frequently used [12,13]. Increased use of alternative integrative medicine approaches have been recently introduced and used to promote wellness and minimize side effects from cancer. In the year 2007, 40% U.S. population has used natural products as a complementary and alternate medicine (CAM) [14]. National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM), now defined biofield therapies in the subcategory of energy therapies as one of the five complementary medicine domains. Biofield is the name given to the electromagnetic field that permeates and surrounds living organisms. It is the scientifically preferred term for the biologically produced electromagnetic and subtle energy field that provides regulatory and communication functions within the organism. Recent studies on cancer research suggest that instead of using other complementary and alternate medicine, cancer patients received highest benefit with energy medicine [15]. The concept of human bioenergy has its origin thousands of year back, till date many recent biofield therapies are in practice for their possible therapeutic potentials such as enhanced personal well-being in cancer patient [16], improved functional ability of arthritis patient [17], decreased pain and anxiety [18]. However, many other significant inhibitory effects on the cancer cell model have been published which suggest that biofield treatment could be a new and effective treatment approach for cancer [19,20]. Mr. Mahendra Trivedi's unique biofield treatment (The Trivedi's effect®) has significantly studied in different fields. In agriculture, change on growth, characteristics, and yield of plants were reported after biofield treatment [21,22]. It has also significantly altered the crystalline and powder characteristics of metals [23,24] and transformation of biofield energy has considerably altered the genotype and phenotypes of pathogenic microbes against antimicrobials [25-27]. This experiment was designed to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on cancer biomarkers in endometrium and prostate cancer cell lines. Concentration of cytokines (i.e. TNF-α and IL-6), interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R), prostate specific antigen (PSA), and free prostate specific antigen (FPSA) were estimated by using ELISA assay on day 10 after biofield treatment as compared to control.
Materials and Methods Experimental design
Endometrium and prostate cancer cell lines, as stock stored cultures were procured for the experiment from department of laboratory medicine, P.D. Hinduja National Hospital & Medical Research Centre, Mumbai. Enzyme-Linked Immuno-Sorbant Assay (ELISA) method was used for estimation of cytokines levels. Important cancer diagnostic biomarkers such as IL-6, TNF-α, PSA (third generation), FPSA, and IL- 2R of control and treated samples were estimated using ELISA kit as per manufacturer's instruction.
Biofield treatment modalities
Endometrium and prostate cancer cell lines were taken for biofield treatment. The first sets of both cancer cell line were considered as control. No treatment was given to this set. The second sets of both cancer cell line were handed over to Mr. Trivedi for biofield treatment under laboratory condition. Mr. Trivedi provided the biofield treatment through his energy transmission process to second sets of samples without touching the samples. After treatment, both treated samples were handed over in the same condition within an hour's time and stored at standard conditions for cytokines analysis after 10 days. Both the control and treated samples were analyzed after 10 days for difference in cancer biomarker as per the standard protocols. An optimum precautionary measure were taken in estimation of IL- 6, TNF-α, PSA (third generation), FPSA, and IL-2R throughout the experiment. The differences in tested cancer biomarkers level before and after the treatment were noted.
Measurement of diagnostic cancer biomarkers
ELISA was performed as per the manufacturer's instructions in control and treated sample to observe the impact of biofield treatment on concentration of biomarkers (IL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, PSA, and FPSA) [28]. ELISA principle started with capturing antibody, specific for a protein of interest, coated onto the wells of microplates. Control and biofield treated cell lysate samples were diluted and pipetted into the 96 micro wells titer plate. Buffer was added into each well and mixed gently for 30 seconds. The plate was covered and incubated for 60 minutes at room temperature as per manufacturer's instruction. Removed the incubation mixture from all wells followed by washing with distilled water for five times. During this incubation, protein of interest i.e., antigen (TNF-α, IL-6, PSA, FPSA, and IL-2R) attached to the antibody. A secondary antibody was added to the wells after washing with buffer, which bound to immobilized protein captured during first incubation. Excess antibody was removed by washing with the help of wash buffer. After that, enzyme conjugate was added into each well, mixed gently for 10 seconds followed by incubation for 60 minutes at room temperature. A specific substrate solution was added into the well which was converted by the enzyme to form a detectable color. The intensity of the color produced was read spectrophotometrically which was directly proportional to the concentration of protein of interest present in the cell line samples. Control and treated sample values were recorded in picogram per milliliter (IL-6 and TNF-α: pg/ml), nano gram per milliliter (PSA and FPSA: ng/ml), and unit per milliliter (IL-2R-U/ml) [29].
Results and Discussion
Since prostate and endometrium cancers are most critical medical problems affecting major population, physician suggests chemoprevention strategies to reduce the incidence and mortality rate. However, there are scientific evidence and large number of in vitro studies already reported for biofield treatment and its effect in cancer cell lines [19,20]. The present study aimed to examine Mr. Trivedi's biofield treatment on cancer biomarkers associated with endometrium and prostate cancer. Previous studies indicated that there were an inhibitory effect of biofield energy on metastasis and immune responses on cancer cell models [30-33].

Results of control and treatment group, at day 10 are summarized in Table 1. In case of endometrium cell line, 12% reduction in IL-6 concentration was found in biofield treated group as compared to control. After biofield treatment, decreased level of IL-6 (3.52 pg/ ml) was reported as compared to control (4.0 pg/ml). A highly significant increase in TNF-α (385%) level was estimated in biofield treated endometrium cell line (20.5 pg/ml) as compared to control (4.23 pg/ml). A high increase in TNF-α level might be its association and binding with several other cells such as endothelial cells, which results in its high expression after biofield treatment as compared as control [34]. However, level of PSA, FPSA, and IL-2R did not show any alteration after biofield treatment as compared to control. In endometrial adenocarcinoma, cytokines promote tumor development by angiogenesis and mediating cell invasion. TNF-α, pro-inflammatory cytokine biomarker exists as both soluble and membrane-integrated proteins activates signaling pathways, and is expressed on surface epithelium in cancer and endometrial adenocarcinoma. It promotes angiogenesis by the activation of NF-κB, a protein complex [35]. Apart from TNF-α, IL-6 is another pro-inflammatory cytokines whose level is upregulated in endometrial adenocarcinoma, which is associated with a poor prognosis [36]. Cancer research now proofed that dysregulation in immune system contributes to metastasis and lead to cell death. However, cancer progression is indicative by chronic inflammation which enhances angiogenesis and tissue metabolism results in cytokines release. Therefore, a significant alteration of important inflammatory biomarkers (IL-6 and TNF-α) in endometrium cancer cell line suggests that biofield treatment may affect metastasis, which results in alteration of pleiotropic and multifunctional cytokine levels. This finding is the first evidence that biofield therapy may alter the immune function in endometrium cancer.

Biofield treatment on prostate cancer cell line showed a significant reduction of as high as 98.8% in IL-6 level. After treatment, IL-6 concentrations showed less than 2 pg/ml as compared to control (165 pg/ml) in prostate cancer cells. Besides this, TNF-α level showed an increase of 89.8% in biofield treated group (i.e.7.59 pg/ml) as compared to control (less than 4.0 pg/ml). Slight increase in level of PSA was observed in biofield treated prostate cell line as compared to control (Table 1). However, level of FPSA and IL-2R did not show any alteration after biofield treatment as compared to control. It suggests that the biofield treatment has significant impact only on cytokines level and not on receptors or antigens involved in metastasis. Above cytokines have the major involvement in prostate cancer development and elevated levels have been reported in prostate hyperplasia patients [37]. IL-6 and TNF-α levels have strong correlation in serum with hormone refractory prostate cancer as compared to normal cell [38]. Present study reported a significant reduction in IL-6 concentration and an increase in TNF-α level in prostate and endometrium cancer cell lines after biofield treatment (Figure 1). The result of the present study supports the already published literature with significant biofield effect on cancer cell lines. This study results are in agreement with the reported data [31-33] and verify the influence of biofield treatment on in vitro growth of prostate and endometrium cancer cell line with respect to cancer biomarkers level in control and treated samples.

Current cancer therapies have certain limitations, which include serious side effects such as enormous toxicity, altered immune system, and high treatment cost etc. Many ancient biofield therapies for cancer are practiced around the world, among then Qigong therapy for cancer is very popular and scientifically studied [39,40]. Therefore, Mr. Trivedi's biofield treatment could be an effective and alternate approach for cancer with no side effects. Research on biofield therapies and its impact on cancer growth have been continuously studied by researchers, which might works as alternate and complementary medicine to prolong the life of cancerous patients along with quality life.

NC: No change; pg/ml: picogram per milliliter; ng/ml: Nano gram per milliliter; U/ml: Unit per milliliter; IL-2R: Interleukin-2 receptor; IL-6: Interleukin-6; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor alpha; PSA: Prostate specific antigen; FPSA: Free prostate specific antigen.

Table 1: Effect of biofield treatment on cancer biomarker concentration in endometrium and prostate cancer cell lines.

Figure 1: Percent change in cytokine level measured using ELISA assay on day 10 after biofield treatment in (a) endometrium cell line (b) prostate cell line.
Conclusion
Study results conclude that biofield treatment has significantly altered the level of cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) in endometrium and prostate cancer cell lines as compared to control. Mr. Trivedi's biofield treatment showed a significant reduction in IL-6 level in prostate cancer cells (98.8%) and endometrium cancer cell (12%) as compared to control. There was also a significant increase of TNF-α concentration in both endometrium and prostate cancer cell lines. These data suggest that biofield treatment has significant impact in altering the cancer biomarkers especially two cytokine levels in both cancer cell lines.
Acknowledgement
Authors gratefully acknowledged to support of Trivedi science, Trivedi testimonials and Trivedi master wellness in this research work.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
References
1. Mirkin S, Pickar JH (2015) Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs): a review of clinical data. Maturitas 80: 52-57.
2. Febbraro T, Lengyel E, Romero IL (2014) Old drug, new trick: repurposing metformin for gynecologic cancers? Gynecol Oncol 135: 614-621.
3. Siufi DF, Siufi Neto J, Abrão MS, Favero G (2014) Lymphadenectomy in early stage endometrial cancer: a critical review of the current literature. Tumori 100: 477-485.
4. Creasman WT, Odicino F, Maisonneuve P, Quinn MA, Beller U, et al. (2006) Carcinoma of the corpus uteri. FIGO 26th Annual Report on the results of treatment in gynecological cancer. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 95: S105-S143.
5. Randall ME, Filiaci VL, Muss H, Spirtos NM, Mannel RS, et al. (2006) Randomized phase III trial of whole-abdominal irradiation versus doxorubicin and cisplatin chemotherapy in advanced endometrial carcinoma: A gynecologic oncology group study. J Clin Oncol 24: 36-44.
6. Siegel R, Naishadham D, Jemal A (2013) Cancer statistics, 2013. CA Cancer J Clin 63: 11-30.
7. Huss WJ, Barrios RJ, Foster BA, Greenberg NM (2003) Differential expression of specific FGF ligand and receptor isoforms during angiogenesis associated with prostate cancer progression. Prostate 54: 8-16.
8. Joyce JA, Pollard JW (2009) Microenvironmental regulation of metastasis. Nat Rev Cancer 9: 239-252.
9. Smith DS, Catalona WJ, Herschman JD (1996) Longitudinal screening for prostate cancer with prostate-specific antigen. JAMA 276: 1309-1315.
10. Daiter E, Pampfer S, Yeung YG, Barad D, Stanley ER, et al. (1992) Expression of colony-stimulating factor-1 in the human uterus and placenta. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 74: 850-858.
11. Kayl AE, Meyers CA (2006) Side-effects of chemotherapy and quality of life in ovarian and breast cancer patients. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 18: 24-28.
12. Alvarez Secord A, Havrilesky LJ, Bae-Jump V, Chin J, Calingaert B, et al. (2007) The role of multi-modality adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation in women with advanced stage endometrial cancer. Gynecol Oncol 107: 285-291.
13. Bruzzone M, Miglietta L, Franzone P, Gadducci A, Boccardo F (2004) Combined treatment with chemotherapy and radiotherapy in high-risk FIGO stage III-IV endometrial cancer patients. Gynecol Oncol 93: 345-352.
14. Barnes PM, Bloom B, Nahin RL (2008) Complementary and alternative medicine use among adults and children: United States, 2007. Natl Health Stat Report : 1-23.
15. Garland SN, Valentine D, Desai K, Langer C, Evans T, et al. (2013) Complementary and alternative medicine use and benefit finding among cancer patients. J Altern Complement Med 19: 876-881.
16. Giasson M, Bouchard L (1998) Effect of therapeutic touch on the well-being of persons with terminal cancer. J Holist Nurs 16: 383-398.
17. Peck SD1 (1998) The efficacy of therapeutic touch for improving functional ability in elders with degenerative arthritis. Nurs Sci Q 11: 123-132.
18. Turner JG, Clark AJ, Gauthier DK, Williams M (1998) The effect of therapeutic touch on pain and anxiety in burn patients. J Adv Nurs 28: 10-20.
19. Yount G, Patil S, Dave U, Alves-dos-Santos L, Gon K, et al. (2013) Evaluation of biofield treatment dose and distance in a model of cancer cell death. J Altern Complement Med 19: 124-127.
20. Chen KW (2008) Inhibitory effects of bio-energy therapies on cancer growth. World Sci Tech Modern Trad Chin Med 10: 144-152.
21. Shinde V, Sances F, Patil S, Spence A (2012) Impact of biofield treatment on growth and yield of lettuce and tomato. Aust J Basic Appl Sci 6: 100-105.
22. Sances F, Flora E, Patil S, Spence A, Shinde V (2013) Impact of biofield treatment on ginseng and organic blueberry yield. AGRIVITA J Agri Sci 35: 22-29.
23. Dabhade VV, Tallapragada RR, Trivedi MK (2009) Effect of external energy on atomic, crystalline and powder characteristics of antimony and bismuth powders. Bull Mat Sci 32: 471-479.
24. Trivedi MK, Patil S, Tallapragada RM (2012) Thought Intervention through biofield changing metal powder characteristics experiments on powder characterisation at a PM Plant, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Editor: Wei Deng, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering-Future Control and Automation 173: 247-252.
25. Trivedi MK, Patil S (2008) Impact of an external energy on Staphylococcus epidermis [ATCC-13518] in relation to antibiotic susceptibility and biochemical reactions-an experimental study. J Accord Integr Med 4: 230-235.
26. Trivedi MK, Patil S (2008) Impact of an external energy on Yersinia enterocolitica [ATCC-23715] in relation to antibiotic susceptibility and biochemical reactions: an experimental study. Internet J Alternat Med 6: 13.
27. Trivedi MK, Bhardwaj Y, Patil S, Shettigar H, Bulbule A (2009) Impact of an external energy on Enterococcus faecalis [ATCC-51299] in relation to antibiotic susceptibility and biochemical reactions-an experimental study. J Accord Integr Med 5: 119-130.
28. Stephens JC, Larkins A, James RF, Rathbone BJ (1996) Production of a monoclonal antibody against the 128 kDa (CagA) protein of Helicobacter pylori. J Immunol Methods 190: 163-169.
29. Whitcomb BW, Perkins NJ, Albert PS, Schisterman EF (2010) Treatment of batch in the detection, calibration, and quantification of immunoassays in largescale epidemiologic studies. Epidemiology 21 Suppl 4: S44-50.
30. Running A (2015) Decreased Cortisol and Pain in Breast Cancer: Biofield Therapy Potential. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2015: 870640.
31. Yount G, Patil S, Dave U, Alves-dos-Santos L, Gon K, et al. (2013) Evaluation of biofield treatment dose and distance in a model of cancer cell death. J Altern Complement Med 19: 124-127.
32. Monzillo E, Gronowicz G (2011) New insights on therapeutic touch: a discussion of experimental methodology and design that resulted in significant effects on normal human cells and osteosarcoma. Explore (NY) 7: 44-51.
33. Gronowicz GA, Jhaveri A, Clarke LW, Aronow MS, Smith TH (2008)
Therapeutic touch stimulates the proliferation of human cells in culture. J Altern Complement Med 14: 233-239.
34. Renard N, Lienard D, Lespagnard L, Eggermont AMM, Heimann R, et al. (1994) Early endothelium activation and polymorphonuclear cell invasion precede specific necrosis of human melanoma and sarcoma treated by intravascular high-dose tumour necrosis factor alpha (rTNF alpha). Int J Cancer 57: 656-663.
35. Seo KH, Lee HS, Jung B, Ko HM, Choi JH, et al. (2004) Estrogen enhances angiogenesis through a pathway involving platelet-activating factor-mediated nuclear factor-kB activation. Cancer Res 64: 6482-6488.
36. Slater M, Cooper M, Murphy CR (2006) Human growth hormone and interleukin-6 are upregulated in endometriosis and endometrioid adenocarcinoma. Acta Histochem 108: 13-18.
37. Chen T, Wang LH, Farrar WL (2000) Interleukin 6 activates androgen receptormediated gene expression through a signal transducer and activator of transcription 3-dependent pathway in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Cancer Res 60: 2132-2135.
38. Drachenberg DE, Elgamal AA, Rowbotham R, Peterson M, Murphy GP (1999)
Circulating levels of interleukin-6 in patients with hormone refractory prostate cancer. Prostate 41: 127-133.
39. Shen MX (1997) Qigong is an effective way to defeat cancer. China Qigong Science 5: 8-10.
40. Chen K, Yeung R (2002) Exploratory studies of Qigong therapy for cancer in China. Integr Cancer Ther 1: 345-370.
Download the original manuscript

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
endometrium and prostate cancer cell lines

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Endometrium & Prostate Cancer Cell Lines, Cancer Cell Lines Reduction

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Shrikant Patil, Harish Shettigar, Mayank Gangwar and Snehasis Jana* DOI: 10.4172/1948-5956.1000358 ISSN: 1948-5956 Citation Trivedi MK, Patil S, Shettigar H, Gangwar M, Jana S (2015) In Vitro Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Cancer Biomarkers Involved in Endometrial and Prostate Cancer Cell Lines. J Cancer Sci Ther 7: 253-257.

# data[].attributes.headline
Biofield Treatment Impact on Characteristics of Magnesium

# data[].attributes.subject
Biofield Treatment Impact on Characteristics of Magnesium

# data[].attributes.body
Magnesium is an essential nutrient and present in every cell of all living organisms. In this study the biofield treatment has significantly altered the atomic and physical properties of magnesium powder. Study more

# data[].attributes.headline
Mahendra Trivedi Biofield Impact on Human Brain Tumor Cells

# data[].attributes.subject
Mahendra Trivedi Biofield Impact on Human Brain Tumor Cells

# data[].attributes.body
Biofield Treatment Impact on human GBM and non-GBM brain cells using two time-lapse video microscopy technique. Read the complete study for more information.

# data[].attributes.headline
Human Brain Tumor Cells after Biofield Treatment – Read more

# data[].attributes.subject
Human Brain Tumor Cells after Biofield Treatment – Read more

# data[].attributes.body
Read the clinical study to know more about the potential impact of biofield treatment on human GBM and non-GBM brain cells using two time-lapse video microscopy technique.

# data[].attributes.headline
Biofield Treatment Impact on Human Brain Tumor Cells

# data[].attributes.subject
Biofield Treatment Impact on Human Brain Tumor Cells

# data[].attributes.body
Read study of Mahendra Kumar Trivedi on human GBM and non-GBM brain cells using two time-lapse video microscopy technique after impact of biofield treatment.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The Potential Impact of Biofield Treatment on Human Brain Tumor Cells: A Time-Lapse Video Microscopy

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Study background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common subtype of primary brain tumor in adults. The aim was to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment potential on human GBM and non-GBM brain cells using two time-lapse video microscopy technique.

# data[].attributes.headline
The Potential Impact of Biofield Treatment on Human Brain Tumor Cells

# data[].attributes.subject
The Potential Impact of Biofield Treatment on Human Brain Tumor Cells

# data[].attributes.body
Present study aim was to evaluate the potential impact of biofield treatment on human GBM and non-GBM brain cells using two time-lapse video microscopy technique.

# data[].attributes.headline
An Impact of Biofield Treatment on Glioblastoma Brain Cells

# data[].attributes.subject
An Impact of Biofield Treatment on Glioblastoma Brain Cells

# data[].attributes.body
Glioblastoma is the most common subtype of primary brain tumor in adults. The aim was to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment potential on human GBM and non-GBM brain cells.

# data[].attributes.headline
Open Access Journal of Integrative Oncology | Omicsgroup

# data[].attributes.subject
Open Access Journal of Integrative Oncology | Omicsgroup

# data[].attributes.body
The aim was to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment potential on human GBM and non-GBM brain cells using two time-lapse video microscopy technique.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Glial cell; Glioblastoma; Brain tumor; Biofield treatment; Time-lapse video microscopy

Brain tumors are typically very heterogeneous, aggressive neoplasms at the cellular level which affects both children and adults [ 1]. Statistics based on cancer research institute explore that 1 in 161 individuals born today with brain cancer at different point of life. In the U.S., 22,850 men and women are diagnosed with brain cancer every year, and 15,320 deaths are caused by this disease [ 2]. As per World health organization classification, glioblastoma (GBM) is also known as grade IV astrocytoma [ 3]. GBM is one of the most malignant form of human brain tumor. The mean survival time for GBM patients is approximately 12 months [ 4]. Time-lapse video microscopy is a technique that aids to assess cellular behavior in real time. This technique is used to collect a two dimensional image data at different time intervals. Then, these data are converted to make a movie. This unique technique is used in various fields of cancer and stem cell biology for assessment of cell translation, division, and death [ 5, 6]. Presently, several strategies are available for the treatment of GBM such as surgical techniques, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and electrochemotherapy [ 7]. Apart from commonly used chemotherapeutic agents (such as nitrosoureas derivatives, platinum based drugs, and taxol) and gene therapy, as a novel therapeutic modality frequently being used in cancer [ 8]. However, chemotherapy suffers several major drawbacks such as all tumors are not responsive to chemotherapeutic agents to some extent, incidence of bone marrow cells damage, amenorrhea, alopecia, sexual dysfunction and adversely affect the quality of life of patients [ 9].

Malignant brain tumors like GBM are very difficult to treat now a days. The difficulties to treat against GBM are due to lack of proper preventive strategies, and unavailability of practical method for screening [ 10]. Therefore, new, more effective and better tolerated anti-tumor drugs or some alternative treatment strategy are needed. Based on the above lacunas an alternative way which may be useful to kill or eradicates the proliferative tumorous cells and simultaneously defense the normal brain glial cells. Biofield treatment is an alternative approach which may be useful to improve these unfilled spaces associated with cancer patients. The human biofield is the energetic matrix that surrounds the human [ 11]. It directly links with the cellular activity that allows the DNA to communicate faster than light and maintain intelligence in the organisms [ 12]. According to universal principles of Maxwell's equations and principle of reciprocity defines electromagnetic connections related to human biofield [ 13]. Thus, a human has ability to harness the energy from environment/Universe and can transmit into any object (living or non-living) around the Globe. The object(s) always receive the energy and responded into useful way that is called biofield energy. This process is known as biofield treatment. The biofield can be monitored using electromyography, electrocardiography and electroencephalogram [ 14]. Mr. Mahendra Trivedi's unique biofield treatment (The Trivedi Effect) has been well known for altered characteristics features of microbes [ 15- 17], improved the overall productivity of crops [ 18, 19], and also transform the structural, physical and chemical properties of materials [ 20- 23]. Exposure to biofield energy caused an increase in medicinal property, growth, and anatomical characteristics of ashwagandha [ 24].

On the basis of above facts and literature, present study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of Mr. Trivedi's biofield treatment on human GBM brain tumor cells.

Human U87 glioblastoma cells were received from California pacific medical center research institute, bioscience laboratory, San Francisco, CA. The cultures were prepared and maintained as per the protocols.

Study design and biofield treatment strategy

The GBM cultured cells were divided into two groups viz. GBM control and GBM treatment. Besides this, normal brain cultured cells were also divided into two groups such as non-GBM control and non-GBM treatment. Prior to experiment, each cell culture plate was prepared with six replicates (n=6) of both GBM and non-GBM cells. Each cell culture plate was grown side-by-side in sub-compartments of one culture plate, so that both types of cells were exposed to treatment and without treatment simultaneously. One set of culture plates (GBM and non-GBM treatment) were handed over to Mr. Trivedi for biofield treatment under laboratory condition. Mr. Trivedi provided the treatment through his energy transmission process to the culture plates in front of the time-lapse microscope to deliver biofield treatment from outside a plexiglass environmental chamber attached to the microscope without touching them. Another set was considered as control experiment in which no treatment was delivered. After treatment, all the culture plates were analyzed for assessment of biofield treatment potential. In brief, during the experiment involving biofield treatment, Mr. Trivedi was escorted to the laboratory and seated a short distance (approximately 20 cm) from the time-lapse microscope (Figure 1). During the control experiment, the cells were handled identically but Mr. Trivedi did not visit the laboratory. A laboratory technician placed the cell culture plates inside of an environmental chamber for examination by time-lapse microscopy without knowledge of the eventual treatment condition for the samples. The following day, laboratory technician has converted the acquired images into Quicktime movies and transferred the movies to a database using blinding codes for analysis.

Two time-lapse video microscopy technique

Two time-lapse video microscopy experiments were followed in human brain tumor GBM cells and normal brain cells for 20 hours time cycle. Microscopic images were acquired in every 5 minutes interval, from 10 hours prior and 10 hours following the treatment time i.e. 20 hours for each experiment, and compiled into time lapse videos. Figure 2 depicts the time schedule for two time-lapse video microscopy of cell cultures [ 25].

Criteria for analysis of cell count

For each microscopic field, the total number of cells were counted and each cell was tracked over the 20 hours period. Cells that entered the microscopic field after the initial frame were neither included, nor identified as dead at the start of the video. Cell death, divisions and emigrations (cells migrating out of the microscopic field) were counted for varying numbers of cells and count was made every single hour. After that, all the data were collected and entered into excel spreadsheets, the blinding codes were revealed and the results were sorted according to experimental group for analysis.

Results and Discussion

Since, brain tumors especially GBM are the most critical medical problem affecting major part of population, physician suggests chemoprevention along with radiation strategies to reduce the incidence and mortality rate. However, there are scientific evidence and large number of in vitro studies already reported for biofield treatment and its effect in cancer cells [ 26, 27]. Previous studies indicated that biofield energy showed an inhibitory effect on metastasis and immune responses in cancer cell models [ 11, 26, 28].

An exponential growth model was applied to the study data derived through time-lapse video microscopic technique which aims to take into account potential influence on cell death rates due to change the number of cells in each microscopic field throughout the observation period. Death counts during 10 hours period of observation were converted to rates per cell by the following formula:

Death rate = ln(N(t-1)) - ln(N(t-1) - d(t))

Where, N(t-1) is the number of cells at the start of the time period and d(t) is the number of deaths during the time period. These estimates are based on an assumption that counts are dependent on the number of cells present [ 6].

The potential impact of biofield treatment on GBM brain culture cells was assessed by comparing cell death rates before and after treatment. In non-GBM (control) group, values for cell division were not significantly analyzed due to very low cell divisions rate, as the majority of the cell counts being zero throughout the 20 hours observation period. This lack of cell division under control conditions for the normal brain cells indicated that the culture conditions were not sufficient to keep the normal cells viable throughout the extended time in culture. This is often may be the case with cultures of normal cells, whereas cancerous cells typically survive in culture more readily.

Comparing the total number of cell deaths over the 10 hours prior and 10 hours following the treatment time (T = 0) for the four groups of cells and dividing these values by the initial cell counts for each group gives a rough estimation of the potential effect of treatment. Analysis using the exponential growth model indicates that the cell death rate in GBM treatment cultured cells increased after biofield treatment however, no change in cell death rate was observed in GBM control cultured cells. Moreover, the non-GBM treatment cultured cells has appeared to be protected from a baseline increase in cell death rate observed in the untreated non-GBM control cultured cells (Figure 3). The increase in cell death rate as observed in the untreated non-GBM control cultured cells was consistent while the cancer cell viability was more robust [ 29].

Pre-treatment values were subtracted from post-treatment values to evaluate the relative change in cell death rate after treatment time (T = 0) and referred as delta (δ). The δ values (as measured from before to after treatment per initial cell) due to biofield treatment relative to controls for GBM cells and non-GBM cells are shown in Figure 4. The advantage of biofield treatment is that they are inexpensive as compared to other types of cancer therapies. According to a recent report regarding biofield treatment later on, it was approved by the German equivalent of the FDA. It was emphasized that cancer patients have experienced healing with biofield treatment. Nowadays, many scientists and cutting edge practitioners believed that the secrets of regeneration and healing lie not only on costly medical drugs or expensive medical treatments, but also in the body's own Quantum Energy Biofield (QEB) [ 30].

Current cancer therapies have certain limitations which include serious side effects like enormous toxicity, altered immune system and high treatment cost. Many ancient biofield therapies for cancer are practiced around the world, among then Qigong therapy for cancer is very popular and scientifically studied [ 31, 32]. Therefore, Mr. Trivedi's biofield treatment could be an effective (with no existing side effects), cost effective (no drugs were used) and alternate approach for cancer chemotherapy. Research on biofield treatment and its impact on cancer growth has been continuously studied by researchers, which might works as alternate and complementary medicine to prolong the life of cancerous patients along with quality life.

Overall, the study data indicates that biofield treatment has significantly increased (41%) the death rate of GBM brain tumor cells as compared to untreated GBM cells. Besides this, non-GBM treatment cultured cells showed a significant reduction of cell death rate (64%) as compared to normal brain cells (Figure 5). Based on the obtained results, it is expected that biofield treatment could be novel, cost effective and an alternative advanced strategy towards brain tumor patients.

In conclusion, the study results suggest that the biofield treatment has significantly increased (41%) the cell death rate of GBM treatment brain tumor cells, as compared to GBM control cells. In addition, biofield treatment also showed a significant reduction of cell death rate (64%) in non-GBM treated culture cells i.e. protective effect as compared to non-GBM brain cells. Based on the results, the inexpensive biofield treatment approach could be used in glioblastoma brain tumor patients in near future to improve the quality of life.

Trivedi science, Trivedi testimonials and Trivedi master wellness gratefully acknowledged to the whole team of the bioscience laboratories, 665, Third Street, San Francisco, CA for their support.

1. Dirks PB (2010) Brain tumor stem cells: the cancer stem cell hypothesis writ large. MolOncol 4: 420-430.

2. http://www.cancerresearch.org/cancer-immunotherapy/impacting-all-cancers/brain-cancer#sthash.PGiM1Pzh.dpuf

3. Louis DN, Ohgaki H, Wiestler OD, Cavenee WK, Burger PC, et al. (2007) The 2007 WHO classification of tumours of the central nervous system. ActaNeuropathol 114: 97-109.

4. Hide T, Kuratsu J (2009) [Progress in the study of brain tumor stem cells as treatment targets]. Brain Nerve 61: 781-789.

5. Patel S, Pine S, Rameshwar P (2013) Time-Lapse video microscopy for assessment of self-renewal and division kinetics. Protocol Exchange.

6. Taft R, Moore D, Yount G (2005) Time-lapse analysis of potential cellular responsiveness to Johrei, a Japanese healing technique. BMC Complement Altern Med 5: 2.

7. Sersa G, Cemazar M, Rudolf Z (2003) Electrochemotherapy: Advantages and drawbacks in treatment of cancer patients. Cancer Therapy 1: 133-142.

8. Castro MG, Cowen R, Williamson IK, David A, Jimenez-Dalmaroni MJ, et al. (2003) Current and future strategies for the treatment of malignant brain tumors. PharmacolTher 98: 71-108.

9. Hall E, Cameron D, Waters R, Barrett-Lee P, Ellis P, et al. (2014) Comparison of patient reported quality of life and impact of treatment side effects experienced with a taxane-containing regimen and standard anthracycline based chemotherapy for early breast cancer: 6 year results from the UK TACT trial (CRUK/01/001). Eur J Cancer 50: 2375-2389.

10. Wen PY, Kesari S (2008) Malignantgliomas in adults. N Engl J Med 359: 492-507.

11. Running A (2015) Decreased Cortisol and Pain in Breast Cancer: Biofield Therapy Potential. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2015: 870640.

12. McTaggart L (2003) The Field. New York, Harper Perennial.

13. Maxwell J (1865) A dynamical theory of the electromagnetic field. Phil Trans R Soc (Lond.) 155: 459-512.

14. Movaffaghi Z, Farsi M (2009) Biofield therapies: biophysical basis and biological regulations? Complement TherClinPract 15: 35-37.

15. Trivedi MK, Patil S (2008) Impact of an external energy on Staphylococcus epidermis [ATCC-13518] in relation to antibiotic susceptibility and biochemical reactions-an experimental study. J Accord Integr Med 4: 230-235.

16. Trivedi MK, Patil S (2008) Impact of an external energy on Yersinia enterocolitica [ATCC-23715] in relation to antibiotic susceptibility and biochemical reactions: an experimental study. Internet J Alternat Med 6.

17. Trivedi M, Bhardwaj Y, Patil S, Shettigar H Bulbule A (2009) Impact of an external energy on Enterococcus faecalis [ATCC-51299] in relation to antibiotic susceptibility and biochemical reactions - An experimental study. J Accord Integr Med 5: 119-130

18. Shinde V, Sances F, Patil S, Spence A (2012) Impact of biofield treatment on growth and yield of lettuce and tomato. Aust J Basic andApplSci 6: 100-105.

19. Sances F, Flora E, Patil S, Spence A, Shinde V (2013) Impact of biofield treatment on ginseng and organic blueberry yield. Agrivita J AgricSci 35: 22-29.

20. Trivedi MK, Patil S, Tallapragada RM (2013) Effect of biofield treatment on the physical and thermal characteristics of silicon, tin and lead powders. J Material SciEng 2: 125.

21. Trivedi MK, Patil S, Tallapragada RM (2013) Effect of biofield treatment on the physical and thermal characteristics of vanadium pentoxide powder. J Material SciEng S11: 001.

22. Trivedi MK, Patil S, Tallapragada RM (2014) Atomic, crystalline and powder characteristics of treated zirconia and silica powders. J Material SciEng 3: 144.

23. Trivedi MK, Patil S, Tallapragada RM (2015) Effect of biofield treatment on the physical and thermal characteristics of aluminium powders. IndEng Manage 4: 151.

24. Altekar N, Nayak G (2015) Effect of biofield treatment on plant growth and adaptation. J Environ Health Sci 1: 1-9.

25. Muzzey D, van Oudenaarden A (2009) Quantitative time-lapse fluorescence microscopy in single cells. Annu Rev Cell DevBiol 25: 301-327.

26. Yount G, Patil S, Dave U, Alves-dos-Santos L, Gon K, et al. (2013) Evaluation of biofield treatment dose and distance in a model of cancer cell death. J Altern Complement Med 19: 124-127.

27. Chen KW (2008) Inhibitory effects of bio-energy therapies on cancer growth. World Sci Tech Modern Trad Chin Med 10: 144-152.

28. Gronowicz GA, Jhaveri A, Clarke LW, Aronow MS, Smith TH (2008) Therapeutic touch stimulates the proliferation of human cells in culture. J Altern Complement Med 14: 233-239.

29. McAllister SD, Chan C, Taft RJ, Luu T, Abood ME, et al. (2005) Cannabinoids selectively inhibit proliferation and induce death of cultured human glioblastomamultiforme cells. J Neurooncol 74: 31-40.

30. Marshall RJ The best kept secret in nutrition: The body's biofield communication system. Premier research labs. Austin, USA.

31. Shen MX (1997) Qigong is an effective way to defeat cancer. China Qigong Science 5: 8-10.

32. Chen K, Yeung R (2002) Exploratory studies of Qigong therapy for cancer in China. Integr Cancer Ther 1: 345-370.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The Potential Impact of Biofield Treatment on Human Brain Tumor Cells: A Time-Lapse Video Microscopy

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Glial cell ; Glioblastoma; Brain tumor; Biofield treatment; Time-lapse video microscopy Brain tumors are typically very heterogeneous, aggressive neoplasms at the cellular level which affects both children and adults [ 1]. Statistics based on cancer research institute explore that 1 in 161 individuals born today with brain cancer at different point of life.

# data[].attributes.headline
Biofield Energy Impact on Nematode in Carrots | TrivediScience

# data[].attributes.subject
Biofield Energy Impact on Nematode in Carrots | TrivediScience

# data[].attributes.body
Read this research to evaluate the impact of Biofield Treatment on yield, quality and control of nematode in carrots. Read complete research report at Trivedi Science.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Vishal D Shinde, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi and Shrikant Patil*

DOI: 10.4172/2376-0354.1000150 ISSN: 2376-0354
Citation
Shinde VD, Trivedi MK, Patil S (2015) Impact of Biofield Treatment on Yield, Quality and Control of Nematode in Carrots. J Horticulture 2: 150. doi:10.4172/2376-0354.1000150
Abstract
This study tested the Null Hypothesis for the effect of biofield treatment when used for control of nematode on carrot crops, Daucus carota, under typical growing conditions in year 2012 at Guadalupe, California, USA. Following biofield treatment, carrot seeds were planted in replicate plots with mechanical seeder and their development was recorded compared to control seed growth from untreated plots and plots treated with the commercial standard nematicide, further Vydate L was applied three times at rates of 1 and 0.5 gal/A, at 1, 18 and 35 days after seeding, respectively. At 70 and 109 days after the first application root galling severity in biofield treated crops was reduced by 54% and 22% respectively as compared to untreated while the Vydate response showed 0% and 25% control, respectively. Plots planted with biofield treated seeds resulted in the greatest number and weight of marketable carrot roots. Total yield and gross return were greatest in biofield treated group producing an approximately 33% increase over the untreated controls and 15% increase over those treated with the commercial standard, Vydate L. Vitamin A (beta carotene) was significantly greater (6512 IU/100 g) in biofield treated carrots compared with both the untreated controls (4941) and the commercial standard (5143). The results concluded that, Biofield treatment caused the numerical improvement in yield along with nematode control in carrots however, caused statistically significant increase in Vitamin A content.

Keywords: Biofield treatment; Daucus carota; Nematode; Beta carotene
Introduction
Information-containing biofield energies surrounding living organisms are postulated to be involved in their self-regulation processes [1]. In recent times, an increasing number of papers are showing scientifically measurable impact of the biofield energies of some energy healers transmitted through intentional mental energies and interacting with matter, microbes and plants. The basic assumption of science that such energies can be ignored in normal scientific models of the material world until proved both relevant and productive has led to the development of many noteworthy and reliable technologies. Nevertheless, the finding that biofield energies are able to directly influence matter, and more specifically, that they can influence the development and self-expression of living organisms, is of value to science. It is therefore necessary to establish their scope and scientifically integrate the influences in beneficial ways into existing technologies.

Studies by Trivedi and Tallapragada [2,3] claim quantifiable transformations in the physical and structural properties of organic and inorganic powder materials due to a biofield energy transmission technique, also referred herewith as Biofield treatment. They report that elemental diamond, graphite and activated charcoal powders showed measureable and significant changes in their molecular structure after the said treatment. Dabhade, et al. [4] similarly show that measurable changes in particle size and hence surface area as well as crystallite size of antimony and bismuth metal powders resulted from the same external biofield treatment which they suggest may have caused a relatively high energy state to occur within the treated substances. With regard to plant life, Patil, et al. [5] reported results from this energy of consciousness on micropropagation response of Patchouli. The source of energy treatments used in these studies was a specific technique by an internationally well-known energy practitioner and his students, whose names are not mentioned here in accordance with recommended best scientific practice, but can be provided on demand for replication experiments.

As information-containing energies are here involved, with a synergistic intention, it may be expected that living materials would be able to show the impact more effectively. While the impact on humans can be accounted for by the placebo effect, experiments on plant systems can show whether such placebo effects are necessarily involved. The in vitro experiments reported above show significant results which display some intrinsic variability in the controlled laboratory conditions and in early tissue growth stages. However in vivo testing was able to show more consistent results due to the larger adaptive challenges faced by samples in the field. Shinde et al. [6] and Sances, et al. [ 7 ] compared the impact of biofield treatment when applied with and without various scientific treatments of pesticides and fertilizers which further showed a statistical increase when biofield is applied along with normal scientific treatments. Thus they showed a synergistic effect of the biofield treatment with externally applied chemical agencies. With regard to crop yield, Lenssen et al. [8] reported the soybean productivity was found to be similar when only biofield treatment was applied at the level of seeds as compared to the control group, which received standard fungicides application.

Vitamin A is a pale yellow primary alcohol derived from carotene. It affects the formation and maintenance of skin, mucous membranes, bones, teeth, vision and reproduction. In addition dietary Vitamin A, in the form of beta carotene, an antioxidant, may help reduce the risk of certain cancers. A lot of emphasis has been given on breakdown of vitamin A content of carrots after processing or cooking, however, there were hardly any attempts made for improvement of Vitamin A content while growing carrots at field levels [9].

In Microbiology experiments, The said treatment caused the changes in the biochemical properties and antibiotic sensitivity patterns of Staphylococcus epidermis, Yersinia enterocolitica and on Enterococcus faecalis [10-12]. The details of several scientific investigations and the results achieved through Biofield on Vanadium Pentoxide, Silicon, Tin, Lead, Zirconia, Silica, Aluminium and many more, in the form of original data are reported elsewhere [13-17].

In this paper we report on comparison of crop quality, vitality, disease and yield of treated and untreated commercial carrot plantings. While disease may be effectively controlled using external chemicals, it is normally seen that subsequent yields are affected by such applications. Vydate, though commonly used as a standard for nematode control, shows a crop growth response for a few weeks following application even when no pest is present; however, this response seldom translates into a yield response. Vydate is also a systemic insecticide which can control feeding damage from some soil and foliar insects. The objective was to compare the crop performance with various types of treatments, namely untreated controls, crops with application of Vydate and crops with application of biofield treatment, in a blind randomized study.
Materials and Methods
Treatments were of three types, with five replicates per treatment. Control carrot ( Daucus carota) seeds, untreated in any way, were planted in untreated plots and in plots treated with the commercial standard, Vydate L, applied three times at rates of 1 gal/A, 0.5 gal/A, and 0.5 gal/A at 1, 18 and 35 days after seeding respectively in a dilution of 27,154 gal/A (one acre-inch of water). Applications were performed using drip irrigation operated at a pressure of 10 psi. The performance of these treatments was compared with that of biofield treated seeds planted in untreated plots. The biofield treatment was applied for about 3 minutes to the seeds. Plots in the three cases were allotted for treatment in randomized fashion, with locations unknown to evaluators.
Evaluations
Evaluations consisted of assessing ten plants per plot for shoot length, along with root galling severity and yield measurements based on production grade number and weight of marketable carrot roots. Randomly selected 25 carrot samples per plot were analyzed for vitamin A (beta carotene) content at National Food Laboratory, Livermore, CA. Field or laboratory evaluations were conducted six times over a two month period of growth.
Data analysis
Statistics were analyzed using ANOVA mean comparison with LSD test and α=0.05.
Results
Crop measurements (Figure 1) showed significantly higher shoot lengths on plants from Vydate-treated plots as compared to crops from untreated control and from biofield treated plots. The shoot lengths in treatment Vydate was significantly higher.

There appeared to be no signs of insects or insect feeding that occurred on plants in any of the plots. This may be because the experiments were conducted in the winter months, with evaluations done from November to January, when most of the pests are in more dormant stages, showing less infestation of plants. However, when root galling severity was compared at 70 DAP and at 109 DAP (Figure 2), it was initially found to be lower in biofield treated crops as compared to the other two, and at the end, it was lower in both biofield-treated and Vydate-treated crops as compared to untreated controls.

The severity was reduced by 54% and 22% respectively in biofield treated crops; this is compared to the Vydate response of 0% and 25%, respectively. Thus overall the percent control of root galling severity per treatment was on average seen to be better in biofield treated crops, while at the end a comparable result was seen between Vydate- treated and biofield-treated crops.

Plots planted with Biofield treated seeds resulted in the greatest number and weight of marketable carrot roots (Figure 3). Total yield and gross return were greatest for this treatment producing 16,267 lb/ acre at a first point of sale value of $3904/acre (Figure 4). This is approximately a 33% increase over the untreated controls and a 15% increase over the commercial standard, Vydate L.

Vitamin A (beta carotene) content (Figure 5) was significantly greater in the Biofield treated carrots compared with untreated controls as well as the commercial standard, yielding 6512 IU/100 g of root tissue, which was a 32% increase over untreated controls and a 27% increase over the Vydate-treatment further testifying to improved grade of crop.

Discussion

The overall results indicated that biofield treated crops had improved overall immunity as compared to untreated crops, whereas the yield and quality of crop was numerically greater than both untreated crops as well as Vydate-treated crops. Although plant growth in terms of shoot length was not improved by the biofield treatment, the treatment was effective in its targets as an alternative to the chemical treatment, at the same time providing higher marketable yields of crop and gross return per acre besides better quality and higher vitamin A content. The shoot lengths in the plots which are treated with Vydate was significantly higher, however it was not directly proportional to the yield since biofield treatment produced more yields. It seems that Vydate treatment caused more vegetative growth on top of the soil but biofield treatment enhanced root growth which eventually produced more yields. In recent years demand of beta carotene has been increasing steadily because of its possible roles in the treatment of human diseases [9]. In current studies effect of biofield treatment found significantly positive on Vitamin A content in carrots. The results indicated the ability of Daucus carota to respond to biofield treatment with improvement in yield, quality (vitamin A) and nematode control.

These results are consistent with studies already reported with other crops achieved through Biofield treatment, making it necessary that it is further investigated by science to determine the full scope and study the underlying mechanisms.
References
1. Rubik B (2002) The biofield hypothesis: its biophysical basis and role in medicine. Journal of alternative and complementary medicine 8: 703-717.
2. Trivedi MK, Tallapragada RR (2008) A transcendental to changing metal powder characteristics. Metal Powder Report 63: 22-31.
3. Trivedi MK, Tallapragada RR (2009) Effect of superconsciousness external energy on atomic, crystalline and powder characteristics of carbon allotrope powders. Materials Research Innovations 13: 473-480.
4. Dabhade VV, Tallapragada RR, Trivedi MK (2009) Effect of external energy on atomic, crystalline and powder characteristics of antimony and bismuth powders. Bulletin of Materials Science 32: 471-479.
5. Patil SA, Nayak GB, Barve SS, Tembe RP, Khan RR (2012) Impact of Biofield Treatment on Growth and Anatomical Characteristics of Pogostemon cablin (Benth.). Biotechnology 11: 154-162.
6. Shinde V, Sances F, Patil S, Spence A (2012) Impact of Biofield Treatment on Growth and Yield of Lettuce and Tomato. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 6: 100-105.
7. Sances F, Flora E, Patil S, Spence A, Shinde V (2013) Impact Of Biofield Treatment On Ginseng And Organic Blueberry Yield. AGRIVITA,
Journal of Agricultural Science 35: 1.
8. Lenssen AW (2013) Biofield and Fungicide Seed Treatment Influences on Soybean Productivity, Seed Quality and Weed Community. Agricultural Journal 8: 138-143.
9. Chen BH, Peng HY, Chen HE (1995) Changes of carotenoids, color, and Vitamin A content during processing of carrot juice. J. Agric. Food Chem. Volume: 43, Page no: 1912-1918.
10. Trivedi M, Patil S (2008) Impact of an external energy on Staphylococcus epidermis [ATCC -13518] in relation to antibiotic susceptibility and biochemical reactions - An experimental study, Journal of Accord Integrative Medicine, Volume 4, Number 4: 230-235.
11. Trivedi M, Patil S (2008) Impact of an external energy on Yersinia enterocolitica [ATCC -23715] in relation to antibiotic susceptibility and biochemical reactions: An experimental study. The Internet Journal of Alternative Medicine 6: 2.
12. Trivedi M, Bhardwaj Y, Patil S, Shettigar H, Bulbule A (2009) Impact of an external energy on Enterococcus faecalis [ATCC - 51299] in relation to antibiotic susceptibility and biochemical reactions - An experimental study. Journal of Accord Integrative Medicine 5: 119-130.
13. Trivedi MK, Patil S, Tallapragada RM (2012) Thought Intervention through Biofield Changing Metal Powder Characteristics Experiments on Powder Characterisation at a PM Plant, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Editor : Wei Deng, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering-Future Control and Automation 173: 247-252.
14. Trivedi MK, Patil S, Tallapragada RM (2013a) Effect of Biofield Treatment on the Physical and Thermal Characteristics of Vanadium Pentoxide Powders. Journal of Material Sciences & Engineering S11: 001.
15. Trivedi MK, Patil S, Tallapragada RM (2013b) Effect of bio field treatment on the physical and thermal characteristics of Silicon, Tin and Lead powders. Journal of Material Sciences & Engineering 2: 125.
16. Trivedi MK, Patil S, Tallapragada RM (2014) Atomic, Crystalline and Powder Characteristics of Treated Zirconia and Silica Powders. Journal of Material Sciences & Engineering 3: 144.
17. Trivedi MK, Patil S, Tallapragada RMR (2015) Effect of Biofield Treatment on the Physical and Thermal Characteristics of Aluminium Powders. Industrial Engineering & Management 4: 151.
Download the original manuscript

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Yield, Quality and Control of Nematode in Carrots | Daucus Carota

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Vishal D Shinde, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi and Shrikant Patil* DOI: 10.4172/2376-0354.1000150 ISSN: 2376-0354 Citation Shinde VD, Trivedi MK, Patil S (2015) Impact of Biofield Treatment on Yield, Quality and Control of Nematode in Carrots. J Horticulture 2: 150.

# data[].attributes.headline
Biofield Energy | Impact on Klebsiella oxytoca | TrivediScience

# data[].attributes.subject
Biofield Energy | Impact on Klebsiella oxytoca | TrivediScience

# data[].attributes.body
TrivediScience - Present work investigates the impact of Mahendra Kumar Trivedi biofield energy treatment on Klebsiella oxytoca. Study more

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Klebsiella oxytoca ( K. oxytoca) is a Gram-negative microbe generally associated with community and hospitalacquired infections. Due to its clinical significance, we evaluated the effect of biofield treatment on phenotype and biotype characteristics of K. oxytoca (ATCC 43165). The study was performed into three groups i.e. C (control), T1 (treatment, revived); and T2 (treatment, lyophilized). Subsequently, groups T1 and T2 were received biofield treatment and control group was remained as untreated. The antimicrobial sensitivity results showed 3.33% and 6.67% alteration in antimicrobials susceptibility in group T1 cells on day 5 and 10, respectively, and 3.33% alteration in antimicrobials susceptibility was observed in group T2 cells on day 10 as compared to control. The sensitivity patterns of cefazolin were changed from resistant (R) to intermediate (I) on day 5, and resistance (R) to susceptible (S) on day 10, in T1 cells of K. oxytoca. The MIC value of cefazolin was decreased by 2-fold in group T1 on day 10 as compared to control. The biofield treated K. oxytoca exhibited the changes in biochemical reactions about 3.03% and 15.15% of total tested biochemicals in group T1 cells on day 5 and 10, respectively as compared to control. The biotype number of K. oxytoca was altered in biofield treated group and organism identified as Raoultella ornithinolytica in T1 on day 10 as compared to control, which is the prominent finding of this study. These changes were found in treated bacteria that might be due to some alteration happened in metabolic/enzymatic pathway and/ or at genetic level of K. oxytoca. Based on these data, it is speculated that biofiled treatment could be an alternative approach that can improve the effectiveness of the existing antimicrobials against the resistant pathogens.

Keywords : Antimicrobials; Biochemicals; Biofield treatment; Biotype; Klebsiella oxytoca
Introduction
Microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites are continuously acquiring the resistance against existing antimicrobials that possess a major global threat to public health. In the latest report of World Health Organization (WHO) warned to the occurrence of post-antibiotic era, where people will die from simple microbial infections due to ineffectiveness of current antimicrobials. Frequent and improper use of antimicrobial further accelerated the incidence of microbial resistance [1,2].

Klebsiella oxytoca ( K. oxytoca) is a rod-shaped, nonmotile, Gramnegative bacterium with a prominent polysaccharide capsule, which provides a resistance against host defense mechanisms. Klebsiella species are normally associated with the community and hospitalacquired infections particularly in immunocompromised patients. The patients having prostatectomies, neurosurgical procedures, intravascular catheters, colonoscopies, platelet transfusions, urinary tract infections (UTI), and pre-existing viral or antibiotic induced colitis are more prone to K. oxytoca infection [3]. K. oxytoca has developing the enzymes extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) and carbapenemases that lead to bacterial resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. Therefore, K. oxytoca is usually resistant to some antibiotics like cefotaxime, ceftazidime and aztreonam [4,5]. Recently, biofield treatment is reported for the alteration in sensitivity of antimicrobials against the tested microorganism [6].

The conversion of mass into energy is well known in literature for hundreds of years that was further explained by Fritz [7] and Einstein [8]. The energy can exist in various forms like kinetic, potential, electrical, magnetic, and nuclear; and can be produced from different sources. Correspondingly, the nervous system of human also consists of neurons that have the ability to transmit information in the form of electrical signals [9-11]. Thus, human has the ability to harness the energy from environment or universe and can transmit into any living or nonliving object(s) around the globe. The objects always receive the energy and responding into useful way that is called biofield energy and the process is known as biofield treatment.

Mr. Trivedi's biofield treatment is well-known to change the various physicochemical characteristics of metals and ceramics [12-14]. The quality and yield of several agriculture products have also been improved with several folds in the biofield treated plants [15]. Exposure to biofield energy caused an increase in growth and anatomical characteristics of plant [16]. Further, the biofield treatment has considerably altered susceptibility of antimicrobials and biotype number of microbe [6,17,18].

By conceiving the above mentioned facts and literature reports on biofield, the present work was undertaken to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on antimicrobials susceptibility, biochemical reactions pattern, and biotype of K. oxytoca.
Materials and Methods
Two lyophilized vials of K. oxytoca [American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 43165] were procured from MicroBioLogics, Inc., USA. These vials were stored as per the suggested storage conditions till the further use. The antimicrobials susceptibility study, biochemical reactions patterns, and biotype number were evaluated on MicroScan Walk-Away ® (Dade Behring Inc., West Sacramento, CA) using Negative Breakpoint Combo 30 (NBPC30) panel [19]. The antimicrobials and biochemicals used in the study were procured from Sigma-Aldrich.
Study design
The lyophilized cells of K. oxytoca were divided into three groups: C (control), T1 (treatment, revived) and T2 (treatment, lyophilized). The treatment groups (T1 and T2) were in sealed pack and handed over to Mr. Trivedi for biofield treatment under laboratory condition. Mr. Trivedi provided the treatment through his energy transmission process to the treated groups without touching the samples. Subsequently, groups C and T1 were assessed on day 5 and 10, and group T2 was assessed on day 10, for the antimicrobial sensitivity, biochemical reactions, and biotype number.
Investigation of antimicrobial susceptibility of microorganism
The antimicrobial susceptibility study was carried out on MicroScan Walk-Away ® using negative breakpoint combo 30 (NBPC30) panel, as per manufacturer's instructions. Briefly, the standardized suspension of K. oxytoca were inoculated, rehydrated, and then subjected to incubation for 16 h at 35°C. After that, the susceptibility pattern like susceptible (S), intermediate (I) or resistant (R); and quantitative susceptibility in terms of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were determined by observing the lowest antimicrobial concentration showing growth inhibition [20-22]. The antimicrobials used for the sensitivity study were amikacin, amoxicillin/K-clavulanate, ampicillin/ sulbactam, ampicillin, aztreonam, cefazolin, cefepime, cefotaxime, cefotetan, cefoxitin, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin, gentamicin, imipenem, levofloxacin, meropenem, moxifloxacin, nitrofurantoin, norfloxacin, piperacillin, tazobactam, tetracycline, ticarcillin/K- clavulanate, tobramycin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.
Study of biochemical reaction
The study of biochemical reactions was carried out on MicroScan Walk-Away ® system [23]. The biochemicals used in present work were acetamide, adonitol, arabinose, arginine, cetrimide, cephalothin, citrate, colistin, esculin hydrolysis, nitrofurantoin, glucose, hydrogen sulfide, indole, inositol, kanamycin, lysine, malonate, melibiose, nitrate, oxidation-fermentation, galactosidase, ornithine, oxidase, penicillin, raffinose, rhaminose, sorbitol, sucrose, tartarate, tryptophan deaminase, tobramycin, urea and Voges-Proskauer.
Assessment of biotype number
Effect of biofield treatment on biotype number and organism identification were determined using MicroScan Walk-Away ® processed panel data report [20]
Results Antimicrobial susceptibility assay
The results of antimicrobial susceptibility study and MIC values are summarized in Table 1 and 2, respectively. The results showed about 3.33% and 6.67% alteration in antimicrobials susceptibility in group T1 cells on day 5 and 10, respectively, and 3.33% alteration in antimicrobials susceptibility was found in group T2 cells on day 10 as compared to control. Concisely, the K. oxytoca was converted from S → I against ampicillin/sulbactam in T2 cells on day 10; and R → I and S against cefazolin in T1 cells on day 5 and 10, respectively. The K. oxytoca showed an alteration from S → R against tetracycline in T1 cells on day 10. The MIC data suggested about 2-folds decrease in MIC value of cefazolin, and more than 2-folds increase in MIC value of tetracycline in T1 cells of K. oxytoca on day 10, as compared to control. Furthermore, the susceptibility pattern of K. oxytoca to ampicillin/ sulbactam was also changed from S → I in T2 cell on day 10 with about 2-folds increase in MIC value as compared to control (Table 2).
Identification of K. oxytoca using biochemical reactions pattern
The biochemical reactions data are shown in Table 3. K. oxytoca exhibited an alteration in biochemical reactions about 3.03% and 15.15% of total tested biochemicals on day 5 and 10, respectively. The colistin, nitrofurantoin, hydrogen sulfide, and ornithine were converted from negative (-) to positive (+) reaction in group T1 on day 10, and tartarate was converted from positive (+) to negative (-) reaction in group T1 on both day 5 and 10. The results showed no change in biochemical reactions patterns of group T2 cells, as compared to control (Table 3).
Effect of biofield treatment on biotype number
Biotype number of K. oxytoca was determined on MicroScan Walk-Away ® processed panel, using biochemical reactions data. The result demonstrated an alteration in biotype number of K. oxytoca in group T1 on day 10, as compared to control. The change in the species from K. oxytoca to Raoultella ornithinolytica (formerly known as Klebsiella ornithinolytica) was also found in group T1 on day 10 (Table 4), which describes the most significant impact of biofield treatment in this study.

C: Control group; T: Treatment group; I: Intermediate; S: Susceptible; R: Resistant

Table 1: Effect of biofield treatment on K. oxytoca to antimicrobial susceptibility.

C, control group; T, treatment group; MIC data is presented in µg/mL.

Table 2: Effect of biofield treatment on K. oxytoca to minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of tested antimicrobial.
Discussion
Antimicrobial resistance in several microbes has been increased vigorously in recent time. Generally, microorganisms mutate and finally become resistant to antibiotics. Unfortunately, due to improper or misuse of antimicrobials the incidences of antimicrobial resistance in microbes are observing in faster rate than expected [24]. As a result, discovery of antimicrobial drug therapy is a slow and time-consuming process. Recently, there are reports wherein, the susceptibility of microbe was altered from resistance to susceptible or inversely using the biofield treatment [17,18]. Therefore, present work investigates the effect of biofield treatment on K. oxytoca, and evaluated its impact on susceptibility and biochemical reactions pattern to the selected antimicrobials and biochemicals.

Recently, K. oxytoca is acquiring resistant to some cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones antifungal drugs. K. oxytoca have an inherent enzyme β-lactamase that confers a low-level resistance to penicillins. It also carries the efflux pump on the cell wall that causes reduced intracellular concentrations of antimicrobials and induces phenotypic resistance [4,5,25-27]. The sensitivity of K. oxytoca before and after treatment was determined by comparing the MIC value of antimicrobial to the attainable blood or urine level as per the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline. The results of antifungal sensitivity study revealed the changes in antimicrobial sensitivity and MIC values of few tested antimicrobials like ampicillin/ sulbactam, cefazolin, and tetracycline against K. oxytoca. Cefazolin is a first-generation cephalosporin that was initially used for wide range of microbial infections. In the present study, K. oxytoca showed resistance to cefazolin in control sample; however, after biofield treatment, the sensitivity was changed from resistant to intermediate and susceptible on 5 and 10 day, respectively. It revealed that using biofield treatment K. oxytoca infection can be effectively overcome by cefazolin. Contrarily, the results also showed the alteration in the sensitivity of K. oxytoca from susceptible to intermediate or resistant to a few antimicrobials. The MIC values of some antimicrobials were also altered accordingly to changes in sensitivity patterns of K. oxytoca. Overall, the result of present study indicated that biofield treatment has the ability to alter the susceptibility of microbes in both direction either susceptible to resistant or resistant to susceptible.

Biochemical methods employed to identify or classify the bacterial species based on their biochemical reactions. Several biochemical tests like indole production, ornithine decarboxylation, and carbon substrate assimilation tests have been reported in literature for the identification of K. oxytoca. It usually exhibited the positive reactions to indole, malonate, urease, Voges-Proskauer; and negative reactions to arginine, colistin, hydrogen sulfide, and ornithin [28]. Similar reactions patterns were also observed in this study for control sample of K. oxytoca. However, after biofield treatment some biochemical reactions pattern were altered like ornithine, hydrogen sulfide, colistin etc. These biochemical were changed from negative to positive reactions in group T1 on day 10. As well, tartarate was converted from positive to negative reaction in group T1 on both day 5 and 10. These data suggested the impact of biofield treatment on metabolic pathway of K. oxytoca. Alterations in biochemical reactions were attributed to changes in biotype number of K. oxytoca that was found in group T1 on day 10. Wherein the biotype number and species were altogether changed and the new species was identified as R. ornithinolytica.

C: Control group; T: Treatment group; - : (negative); + : (positive)

Table 3: Effect of biofield treatment on K. oxytoca to biochemical reactions.

C: Control group; T: Treatment group

Table 4: Effect of biofield treatment on K. oxytoca to biotype number.
Conclusions
Overall data conclude that there was an alteration in antimicrobial sensitivity, biochemical reactions patterns, and biotype number of biofield treated K. oxytoca. These results depicted that biofield treatment has the ability to make some alteration at the enzymatic or metabolic pathway and/or at genetic level of K. oxytoca. Therefore, in future the biofield treatment could be useful as an alternative method to prevent the infections of pathogenic microbes.
References
1. WHO (2014) Antimicrobial resistance
2. WHO (2014) WHO's first global report on antibiotic resistance reveals serious, worldwide threat to public health.
3. Hori K Yasoshima H, Yamada A, Sakurai K, Ohkubo E, et al. (1998) Adrenal hemorrhage associated with Klebsiella oxytoca bacteremia. Intern Med 37: 990-994.
4. Wu SW, Dornbusch K, Göransson E, Ransjö U, Kronvall G (1991) Characterization of Klebsiella oxytoca septicaemia isolates resistant to aztreonam and cefuroxime. J Antimicrob Chemother 28: 389-397.
5. Nathisuwan S, Burgess DS, Lewis JS 2nd (2001) Extended-spectrum betalactamases: epidemiology, detection, and treatment. Pharmacotherapy 21: 920-928.
6. Trivedi MK, Bhardwaj Y, Patil S, Shettigar H, Bulbule, A (2009) Impact of an external energy on Enterococcus faecalis [ATCC-51299] in relation to antibiotic susceptibility and biochemical reactions-an experimental study. J Accord Integr Med 5: 119-130.
7. Hasenohrl F (1904) On the Theory of Radiation in Moving Bodies. Ann Phys 320: 344-370.
8. Einstein A (1905) Does the inertia of a body depend upon its energy-content.
Ann Phys 18: 639-641
9. Becker RO, Selden G (1985) William Morrow and Company. The body electric: electromagnetism and the foundation of life, New York, USA.
10. Barnes RB (1963) Thermography of the human body. Science 140: 870-877.
11. Rubik B (2002) The biofield hypothesis: its biophysical basis and role in medicine. J Altern Complement Med 8: 703-717.
12. Trivedi MK, Tallapragada RR (2009) Effect of superconsciousness external energy on atomic, crystalline and powder characteristics of carbon allotrope powders. Mater Res Innov 13: 473-480.
13. Trivedi MK, Patil S, Tallapragada RM (2014) Atomic, crystalline and powder characteristics of treated zirconia and silica powders. J Material Sci Eng 3: 144.
14. Trivedi MK, Patil S, Tallapragada RM (2013) Effect of biofield treatment on the physical and thermal characteristics of vanadium pentoxide powders. J Material Sci Eng S11: 001.
15. Lenssen AW (2013) Biofield and fungicide seed treatment influences on soybean productivity, seed quality and weed community. Agricultural Journal 8: 138-143.
16. Patil SA, Nayak GB, Barve SS, Tembe RP, Khan RR (2012) Impact of biofield treatment on growth and anatomical characteristics of Pogostemon cablin (Benth). Biotechnology 11: 154-162.
17. Trivedi MK, Patil S (2008) Impact of an external energy on Yersinia enterocolitica [ATCC-23715] in relation to antibiotic susceptibility and biochemical reactions: an experimental study. Internet J Alternat Med 6.
18. Trivedi MK, Patil S (2008) Impact of an external energy on Staphylococcus epidermis [ATCC-13518] in relation to antibiotic susceptibility and biochemical reactions-an experimental study. J Accord Integr Med 4: 230-235.
19. Overman TL, Janda JM (1999) Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Aeromonas jandaei, A. schubertii, A. trota, and A. veronii biotype veronii. J Clin Microbiol 37: 706-708.
20. Fader RC, Weaver E, Fossett R, Toyras M, Vanderlaan J, et al. (2013) Multilaboratory study of the biomic automated well-reading instrument versus MicroScan WalkAway for reading MicroScan antimicrobial susceptibility and identification panels. J Clin Microbiol 51: 1548-1554.
21. Gomaa FM, Tawakol WM, Abo El-Azm FI (2014) Phenotypic and genotypic detection of some antimicrobial resistance mechanisms among multidrugresistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from immunocompromised patients in Egypt. Egypt J Med Microbiol 23: 99-111.
22. Hansen DS, Aucken HM, Abiola T, Podschun R (2004) Recommended test panel for differentiation of Klebsiella species on the basis of a trilateral interlaboratory evaluation of 18 biochemical tests. J Clin Microbiol 42: 36653669.
23. Sader HS, Fritsche TR, Jones RN (2006) Accuracy of three automated systems (MicroScan WalkAway, VITEK, and VITEK 2) for susceptibility testing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa against five broad-spectrum beta-lactam agents. J Clin Microbiol 44: 1101-1104.
24. Chen Z, Jiang X (2014) Microbiological safety of chicken litter or chicken litterbased organic fertilizers: a review. Agriculture 4: 1-29.
25. Fenosa A, Fusté E, Ruiz L, Veiga-Crespo P, Vinuesa T, et al. (2009) Role of TolC in Klebsiella oxytoca resistance to antibiotics. J Antimicrob Chemother 63: 668-674.
26. Yigit H, Queenan AM, Rasheed JK, Biddle JW, Domenech-Sanchez A, et al. (2003) Carbapenem-resistant strain of Klebsiella oxytoca harboring carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase KPC-2. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 47: 3881-3889.
27. Alves MS, Dias RC, de Castro AC, Riley LW, Moreira BM (2006) Identification of clinical isolates of indole-positive and indole-negative Klebsiella spp. J Clin Microbiol 44: 3640-3646.
28. Stock I, Wiedemann B (2001) Natural antibiotic susceptibility of Klebsiella pneumoniae, K. oxytoca, K. planticola, K. ornithinolytica and K. terrigena strains. J Med Microbiol 50: 396-406.
Download the original manuscript

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
biotypic characterization of klebsiella oxytoca

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
K. Oxytoca Characteristics, Antibiotic Susceptibility & Biochemical Reactions

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Klebsiella oxytoca ( K. oxytoca) is a Gram-negative microbe generally associated with community and hospitalacquired infections. Due to its clinical significance, we evaluated the effect of biofield treatment on phenotype and biotype characteristics of K. oxytoca (ATCC 43165). The study was performed into three groups i.e.

# data[].attributes.headline
Biofield Energy Treatment Impact on Citrobacter braakii

# data[].attributes.subject
Biofield Energy Treatment Impact on Citrobacter braakii

# data[].attributes.body
Study Mahendra Kumar Trivedi's research on analysis of phenotyping and 16S rDNA after biofield energy treatment on citrobacter braakii-a urinary pathogen.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	




	
	
		Biofield Treatment on Citrobacter braakii | TrivediScience
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	




	
	
		Biofield Treatment on Citrobacter braakii | TrivediScience
	

# data[].attributes.body
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield treatment on C. braakii in lyophilized as well as revived state for antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, biochemical characteristics, and biotype number.

# data[].attributes.headline
16S rDNA Analysis after Biofield Treatment on Citrobacter braakii

# data[].attributes.subject
16S rDNA Analysis after Biofield Treatment on Citrobacter braakii

# data[].attributes.body
View Mahendra Kumar Trivedi Scientific Study on Phenotyping and 16S rDNA Analysis after Biofield Treatment on Citrobacter braakii: A Urinary Pathogen.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Phenotyping and 16S rDNA Analysis after Biofield Treatment on Citrobacter braakii: A Urinary Pathogen | Mahendra Trivedi | Alice Branton | Dahryn Trivedi | Gopal Nayak | Snehasis Jana | Academic Room

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Citrobacter braakii (C. braakii) is widespread in nature, mainly found in human urinary tract. The current study was attempted to investigate the effect of Mr. Trivedi's biofield treatment on C. braakii in lyophilized as well as revived state for antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, biochemical characteristics, and biotype number.

# data[].attributes.headline
Biofield | Antimicrobial Sensitivity Pattern  of Citrobacter braakii

# data[].attributes.subject
Biofield | Antimicrobial Sensitivity Pattern  of Citrobacter braakii

# data[].attributes.body
Biofield treatment is an alternative approach which may be useful to improve the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of Citrobacter braakii.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Please enable JavaScript to view the comments powered by Disqus.

Research ArticleOpen Access

Trivedi et al., J Clin Med Genom 2015, 3:1

http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/jcmg.1000129

Research ArticleOpen Access

Volume 3 * Issue 1 * 1000129

ISSN: IJGM, an open access journal

Journal of Clinical & Medical Genomics

Keywords: Citrobacter braakii; Antimicrobial susceptibility; Bioeld

treatment; Biochemical reaction; Biotype; 16S rDNA analysis; Gram-

negative bacteria; Enterobacteriaceae

Abbreviations: MDR: Multi-Drug Resistant; ATCC: American Type

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration;OTUs: Operational Taxonomic

Units;NCBI: National Center for Biotechnology Information;MEGA:

Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis; PCR: Polymerase Chain

Reaction; RDP: Ribosomal Database Project; HBMEC: Human Brain

Microvascular Endothelial Cells

Citrobacter braakii (C. braakii) is a genus of Gram-negative, straight,

facultative anaerobic and motile bacilli bacterium widely distributed in

water, soil, and food in the environment. It is also commonly found in

urinary, intestinal, and respiratory tract of human and animals, belongs

to Enterobacteriaceae family. It has been associated with various

nosocomial and community acquired infections in humans [1]. Arens

et al. reported about 11 genetically distinct species within the genus

Citrobacter [2]. e main clinical manifestations have been reported

due to nosocomial infections of Citrobacter species such as bacteremias

[3], endocarditis [4], urinary tract infections [1], neonatal meningitis

[5], pneumonia [6] and brain abscess [7]. Based on literature it has

been demonstrated that 0.8% of Gram-negative infections caused by

causes nosocomial infection among all Enterobacteriaceae family

[9]. Although it has low virulence property responsible for host cell

invasion instead of it invade blood brain barrier (BBB) of human brain

microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) and causes meningitis.

Moreover, due to overproduction of chromosomal β-lactamase

enzyme leads to antimicrobials resistance [10]. Aminoglycosides,

uoroquinolones, carbapenems, new oral cephems and many third and

fourth-generation cephems, such as cefepime and cefpirome, are the

drugs of choice to treat C. braakii associated infections but it possess

high level of resistance against penicillin and other antibiotics[11,12].

erefore, an alternative strategy is needed to alter the antimicrobial

sensitivity prole against C. braakii strain. In recent years, bioeld

treatment was proved to be an alternative method which has impact on

various properties of living and non-living materials in a cost eective

manner. It is already demonstrated that energy can neither be created

nor be destroyed but it can be transferred through various processes such

as thermal, chemical, kinetic, nuclear, etc. [13-15]. Similarly, electrical

current exists inside the human body in the form of vibratory energy

particles like ions, protons, and electrons and they generate magnetic

eld in the human body [16,17]. Aerward, Harold Saxton Burr had

*Corresponding author: Dr. Snehasis Jana, Trivedi Science Research

Laboratory Pvt. Ltd., Hall-A, Chinar Mega Mall, Chinar Fortune City, Hoshangabad

Rd., Bhopal- 462026, Madhya Pradesh, India, Tel: +91 755 666 0006; E-mail:

Received August 20, 2015; Accepted September 23, 2015; Published September

Citation: Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Charan S, et al. (2015)

braakii: A Urinary Pathogen. J Clin Med Genom 3: 129. doi: 10.4172/jcmg.1000129

Copyright: © 2015 Trivedi MK, et al. This is an open-access article distributed

under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits

unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the

original author and source are credited.

Citrobacter braakii (C. braakii) is widespread in nature, mainly found in human urinary tract. The current study

was attempted to investigate the effect of Mr. Trivedi's bioeld treatment on C. braakii in lyophilized as well as

revived state for antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, biochemical characteristics, and biotype number. Lyophilized

vial of ATCC strain of C. braakii was divided into two parts, Group (Gr.) I: control and Gr. II: treated. Gr. II was further

subdivided into two parts, Gr. IIA and Gr. IIB. Gr. IIA was analysed on day 10 while Gr. IIB was stored and analysed

on day 159 (Study I). After retreatment on day 159, the sample (Study II) was divided into three separate tubes.

First, second and third tube was analysed on day 5, 10 and 15, respectively. All experimental parameters were

studied using automated MicroScan Walk-Away® system. The 16S rDNA sequencing of lyophilized treated sample

was carried out to correlate the phylogenetic relationship of C. braakii with other bacterial species. The antimicrobial

susceptibility and minimum inhibitory concentration showed 39.29% and 15.63% alteration respectively in treated

cells of C. braakii as compared to control. Tetracycline showed improved sensitivity pattern, i.e., from resistant to

susceptible after bioeld treatment, with support of decreased MIC value (>8 to ≤ 4 µg/mL) by two-fold in all the

treated samples as compared to the control. Biochemical reactions also showed signicant (42.42%) alteration in

the treated samples with respect to the control. Biotype numbers with species were substantially changed in Gr. IIA

(53131052, Citrobacter freundii complex) on day 10 and in Gr. IIB, Study I (53111052; Citrobacter amalonaticus)

on day 159 as compared to the control (77365776; Citrobacter braakii). Moreover, biotype numbers with species

were substantially changed in Gr. IIB, Study II after retreatment on day 5 (53111042, Citrobacter amalonaticus) and

(53131052; Citrobacter freundii complex) on day 10 and 15 as compared to the control. 16S rDNA analysis showed

that the identied microbe as Citrobacter freundii (GenBank Accession Number: DQ517285) with 95% identity. The

results suggested that bioeld treatment has a signicant impact on C. braakii in lyophilized as well as revived state.

Phenotyping and 16S rDNA Analysis after Biofield Treatment on

1Trivedi Global Inc., Eastern Avenue Suite A-969, Henderson, NV, USA

2Trivedi Science Research Laboratory Pvt. Ltd., Chinar Fortune City, Hoshangabad Rd., Madhya Pradesh, India

Citation: Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D , Nayak G, Charan S, et al. (2015) Phenotyping and 16S rDNA Analysis after Bioeld Treatment on

Citrobacter braakii: A Urinary Pathogen. J Clin Med Genom 3: 129. doi: 10.4172/jcmg.1000129

Volume 3 * Issue 1 * 1000129

ISSN: IJGM, an open access journal

performed the detailed studies on the correlation of electric current

with physiological process and concluded that every single process in

the human body had an electrical signicance [18]. Recently, it was

discovered that all electrical process happening in body have strong

relationship with magnetic eld as mentioned by Ampere's law, which

states that the moving charge produces magnetic elds in surrounding

space [19,20]. us, the human body emits the electromagnetic waves

in form of bio-photons, which surround the body and it is commonly

known as bioeld. erefore, the bioeld consists of electromagnetic

eld, being generated by moving electrically charged particles (ions,

cell, molecule, etc.) inside the human body. According to Rivera-Ruiz

et al., it was reported that electrocardiography has been extensively

used to measure the bioeld of human body [21]. us, human has the

ability to harness the energy from environment or universe and can

transmit into any living or nonliving object(s) around the Globe. e

objects always receive the energy and responding into useful way that

is called bioeld energy and the process is known as bioeld treatment.

Mr. Trivedi's unique bioeld treatment (e Trivedi eect®) has been

known to transform the structural, physical and thermal properties of

several metals and ceramic in materials science [22-24], improved the

overall productivity of crops [25,26], altered characteristics features of

microbes [27-29] and improved growth and anatomical characteristics

of medicinal plants [30,31].

Due to the clinical signicance of this organism and literature on

bioeld treatment, the present work was undertaken to evaluate the

impact of bioeld treatment on C. braakii in relation to antimicrobials

susceptibility and biotyping based on various biochemical characters

followed by 16S rDNA sequencing analysis.

C. braakii, American Type Culture Collection (ATCC 43162) strain

was procured from MicroBioLogics, Inc., USA and stored with proper

storage conditions until further use. All the tested antimicrobials and

biochemicals were procured from Sigma-Aldrich (MA, USA). e

antimicrobial susceptibility, biochemical reactions and biotype number

were estimated with the help of MicroScan Walk-Away® (Dade Behring

Inc., West Sacramento, CA, USA) using Negative Breakpoint Combo

30 (NBPC 30) panel with respect to control group (Gr.). e 16S rDNA

sequencing study was carried out using ultrapure genomic DNA prep

kit; Cat KT 83 (Bangalore Genei, India).

e impact of bioeld treatment on tested bacterium C. braakii was

Group I: ATCC strain was revived from lyophilized state and

considered as control. No treatment was given and analyzed for

antimicrobial sensitivity, biochemical reactions and biotype number as

per the standard protocol.

two parts named as Gr. IIA and Gr. IIB. Both the groups of ATCC

strain of C. braakii in lyophilized state were assigned to the Mr. Trivedi's

unique bioeld treatment (rst treatment). Gr. IIB sample was stored in

lyophilized state for 159 days at -70ºC. Gr. IIBwas further sub-divided

in two separate parts named as Gr. IIB - Study Iand Gr. IIB - Study II.

Aer 159 days, antimicrobial sensitivity, MIC, biochemical

reactions and biotyping were performed as per the standard protocol.

e stored strain was revived from -70ºC and the revived culture

was again provided to Mr. Trivedi's bioeld treatment (re-treatment)

on day 159. Aer bioeld retreatment, the sample was sub-cultured

into three separate tubes on 3 dierent days (Day 0, Day 5 and Day

10) and analysed keeping the main treated tube aside. Each sample was

analyzed aer 5 days of its sub-culturing.

Bioeld treatment strategy

e lyophilized (Gr. IIA) sample of C. braakii was subjected to Mr.

Trivedi's bioeld treatment (rst treatment) followed by retreatment

aer storing for 159 days in revived state (Gr. IIB, Study II). In details,

the treatment groups in sealed pack were handed over to Mr. Trivedi for

bioeld treatment under laboratory conditions. Mr. Trivedi provided

the treatment through his energy transmission process to the treated

groups without touching the samples. Aer rst treatment, the analysis

of Gr. IIA lyophilized sample was done on day 10 for antimicrobial

sensitivity along with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC),

biochemical reactions with biotype number and 16S rDNA analysis as

per the standard protocol. While handing over these cultures to Mr.

Trivedi for retreatment purposes, optimum precautions were taken to

Antimicrobial susceptibility test

Investigation of antimicrobial susceptibility of C. braakii was

carried out with the help of automated instrument, MicroScan Walk-

Away® using NBPC 30 panel. e panel can be stored at 2 to 25ºC for

analysis. e panel was allowed to equilibrate to room temperature

prior to rehydration. All opened panels were used on the same day.

e tests carried out on MicroScan were miniaturized of the broth

dilution susceptibility test that has been dehydrated. Briey, 0.1 mL

of the standardized suspension of C. braakii was pipetted into 25

mL of inoculum water using pluronic and inverted 8 to 10 times and

inoculated, rehydrated, and then subjected to incubation for 16 hours at

35°C. Rehydration and inoculation was performed using the RENOK®

system with inoculators-D (B1013-4). 25 mL of standardized inoculum

suspension was poured in to inoculum tray. e detailed experimental

procedure and conditions were followed as per the manufacturer's

instructions. e antimicrobial susceptibility pattern (S: Susceptible,

R: Resistant; and I: Intermediate) and MIC values were determined by

observing the lowest antimicrobial concentration showing inhibition

Biochemical reaction studies

Biochemical reactions of C. braakii were determined using

MicroScan Walk-Away®, system with NBPC 30 panel. Preparation of

NBPC 30 panel, inoculum followed by dehydration and rehydration

were performed in a similar way as mentioned in antimicrobial

susceptibility assay for analysis of biochemical reactions followed by

biotype number. e detailed experimental procedures and conditions

were followed as per the manufacturer's instructions [32].

Identication of organism by biotype number

e biotype number of C. braakii was determined on MicroScan

Walk-Away® processed panel data report with the help of biochemical

Amplication and gene sequencing of 16S rDNA

Genomic DNA was isolated from C. braakii cells (Gr. IIA, sample coded

Citation: Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D , Nayak G, Charan S, et al. (2015) Phenotyping and 16S rDNA Analysis after Bioeld Treatment on

Citrobacter braakii: A Urinary Pathogen. J Clin Med Genom 3: 129. doi: 10.4172/jcmg.1000129

Volume 3 * Issue 1 * 1000129

ISSN: IJGM, an open access journal

as 4A) using genomic purication kit, according to the manufacturer

instructions. 16S rDNA gene (~ 1.5 kb) fragment was amplied with the

help of high-delity polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using universal

primers; forward primer (5'-AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-3') and

reverse primer (3'-ACGGTCATACCTTGTTACGACTT-5'). Amplied

products were subjected to gel electrophoresis in 1.0% agarose gel,

stained with ethidium bromide and visualized under UV light in a gel

documentation unit (BioRad Laboratories, USA). e PCR amplied

fragment was puried from the agarose gel using a DNA gel extraction

kit. Sequencing of amplied product was done on commercial basis

from Bangalore Genei, India. e 16S rDNA sequences obtained were

aligned and compared with the sequences stored in GenBank database

available from National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)

using the algorithm BLASTn program. Multiple sequence alignment/

phylogenetic tree were established using MEGA3.1 molecular soware

Antimicrobial susceptibility test

e results of C. braakii susceptibility pattern and MIC values of

tested antimicrobials aer bioeld treatment are presented in Table 1

and 2 respectively. e data were analyzed and compared with respect

to control (Gr. I). Antimicrobial susceptibility assay was carried out

using twenty-eight antimicrobials. Overall, the treated cells of C.

braakii showed 39.29% alteration in antimicrobial sensitivity pattern

as compared to control. e sensitivity pattern of tetracycline was

changed from resistance (R) to susceptible (S) and simultaneously

decreased MIC value by two folds (>8 to ≤ 4 µg/mL) in all the treated

groups as compared to control (Gr. I). is improvement with

respect to resistant pattern and MIC value could be due to bioeld

treatment. e eect was observed throughout the experiment. So,

it may assume that the eect of bioeld treatment was sustainable.

Moreover, the antibiogram pattern of certain antimicrobials viz.

aztreonam, cefotaxime, cefotetan, ceazidime, ceriaxone, cefuroxime,

piperacillin/tazobactam, piperacillin and ticarcillin/k-clavulanate were

changed from inducible β-lactamase (IB) to susceptible in lyophilized

treated (rst treatment) Gr. IIB, Study I on day 159 as well as in revived

treated (second treatment) Gr. IIB, Study II on day 5 as compared

to untreated sample (Gr. I). e microbe C. braakii has the ability to

produce chromosomal β-lactamases. us, the overproduction of

this enzymes lead to resistance in most of penem and cephems ring

containing antimicrobials [34].

However, aer bioeld treatment the above mentioned nine

antimicrobials were converted from IB to completely susceptible

in lyophilized treated (rst treatment) Gr. IIB, Study I on day 159 as

well as in revived treated (second treatment) Gr. IIB, Study II on day

5 as compared to control sample. However, the susceptibility pattern

of these nine antimicrobials did not show any alteration in rest of

the treated samples as compared to control. is alteration could be

due to exertion of bioeld energy to the treated samples at enzymatic

S. No.AntimicrobialGr. I (Control)Gr. IIA (Day 10)Gr. IIB (Study I; Day

Gr. IIB (Study II; Day 159)

3.Ampicillin/sulbactamI I I I I I

4.AmpicillinR R R R R R

8. CefotaximeIB IB S S IB IB

12. CeftriaxoneIBIBSSIBIB

15.Chloramphenicol S S S S S S

16. Ciprooxacin S S S S S S

18. GentamicinS S S S S S

20. Levooxacin S S S S S S

21.MeropenemS S S S S S

24.PiperacillinIB IB SSIB IB

25.TetracyclineR S S S S S

26. Ticarcillin/k-clavulanateIBIBSSIBIB

27.TobramycinS S S S S S

/sulphamethoxazole S S S S S S

R: Resistant; S: Susceptible; I: Intermediate; IB: Inducible β-lactamase; Gr.: Group

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Phenotyping and 16S rDNA Analysis after Biofield Treatment on Citrobacter braakii - PdfSR.com

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Citrobacter braakii (C. braakii) is widespread in nature, mainly found in human urinary tract. The current study was attempted to investigate the effect of Mr. Trivedi's biofield treatment on C. braakii in lyophilized as well as revived state for antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, biochemical characteristics, and biotype number.

# data[].attributes.headline
Citrobacter braakii: A Urinary Pathogen | Biofield Treatment

# data[].attributes.subject
Citrobacter braakii: A Urinary Pathogen | Biofield Treatment

# data[].attributes.body
Biofield is the scientifically preferred term for the biologically produced electromagnetic and subtle energy field that provides regulatory and communication functions within the organism. Present study was attempted to investigate the effect of Mahendra Kumar Trivedi biofield treatment on C. braakii

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
16s rdna analysis of citrobacter braakii

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
"Phenotyping and 16S rDNA Analysis after Biofield Treatment on Citrobacter braakii: A Urinary Pathogen" by Mahendra Kumar Trivedi

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Citrobacter braakii (C. braakii) is widespread in nature, mainly found in human urinary tract. The current study was attempted to investigate the effect of Mr. Trivedi's biofield treatment on C. braakii in lyophilized as well as revived state for antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, biochemical characteristics, and biotype number.

# data[].attributes.headline
Biofield & Phenotyping  Analysis on Citrobacter braakii

# data[].attributes.subject
Biofield & Phenotyping  Analysis on Citrobacter braakii

# data[].attributes.body
Biofield is the scientifically preferred term for the biologically produced electromagnetic and subtle energy field that provides regulatory and communication functions within the organism. Present study was attempted to investigate the effect of Mahendra Kumar Trivedi biofield treatment on C. braakii

# data[].attributes.headline
Biofield Treatment & 16S rDNA Analysis on Citrobacter braakii

# data[].attributes.subject
Biofield Treatment & 16S rDNA Analysis on Citrobacter braakii

# data[].attributes.body
Read this paper, to know the impact of Mahendra Kumar Trivedi Biofield Treatment & Phenotyping or 16S rDNA Analysis on Citrobacter braakii.

# data[].attributes.headline
Phenotyping & 16S rDNA Analysis after Biofield Treatment on Citrobacter braakii

# data[].attributes.subject
Phenotyping & 16S rDNA Analysis after Biofield Treatment on Citrobacter braakii

# data[].attributes.body
The current study was attempted to investigate the effect of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield treatment on C. braakii in lyophilized as well as revived state for antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, biochemical characteristics, and biotype number. Lyophilized vial of ATCC strain of C.

# data[].attributes.headline
Mahendra Kumar Trivedi Book Shelf – Google eBooks

# data[].attributes.subject
Mahendra Kumar Trivedi Book Shelf – Google eBooks

# data[].attributes.body
You can browse and search Mahendra Kumar Trivedi ebooks through the largest eBooks collection in the world. Read Mahendra Trivedi's latest publications here absolutely free. Follow him for getting regular updates!!

# data[].attributes.headline
Biofield Treatment Effect on Vanadium Pentoxide Powders

# data[].attributes.subject
Biofield Treatment Effect on Vanadium Pentoxide Powders

# data[].attributes.body
Vanadium pentoxide powders are very useful in producing ferrous as well as aluminiumalloys. It is also used as corrosion inhibitor petroleum and chemical processing. In the present investigation V2O5 powders are exposed to biofield. Study more

# data[].attributes.headline
 Biofield | Characteristics of Vanadium Pentoxide Powders

# data[].attributes.subject
 Biofield | Characteristics of Vanadium Pentoxide Powders

# data[].attributes.body
Study an Open Access Journal of Material Sciences & Engineering and evaluate the effect of biofield treatment on the physical and thermal characteristics of Vanadium Pentoxide Powders

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
journal of material sciences & engineering

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Effect of Bio Field Treatment on the Physical and Thermal Characteristics of Vanadium Pentoxide Powders

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Vanadium pentoxide powders are very useful in producing ferrous as well as aluminiumalloys, inremoving carbon and sulphur and as catalysts in synthesizing ammonia and sulphuric aci..

# data[].attributes.headline
Biofield & Its Effect on Disulfiram and Nicotinic Acid

# data[].attributes.subject
Biofield & Its Effect on Disulfiram and Nicotinic Acid

# data[].attributes.body
A test conducted to check the impact of Biofield treatment on spectral properties of disulfiram and nicotinic acid.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Spectroscopic Characterization of Disulfiram and Nicotinic Acid after Biofield Treatment

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Disulfiram is being used clinically as an aid in chronic alcoholism, while nicotinic acid is one of a B-complex vitamin that has cholesterol lowering activity. The aim of present study was to investigate the impact of biofield treatment on spectral

# data[].attributes.headline
Mendeley | Biofield Treatment and Its Effect on Disulfiram & Nicotinic Acid

# data[].attributes.subject
Mendeley | Biofield Treatment and Its Effect on Disulfiram & Nicotinic Acid

# data[].attributes.body
Tests to reveal the impact of Biofield on the structural property of Disulfiram and Nicotinic Acid like force constant, bond strength, dipole moment.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Mendeley Supports Responsible Sharing Learn how you can share

# data[].attributes.headline
Biofield | Spectral Properties of Disulfiram and Nicotinic Acid – Aftermath

# data[].attributes.subject
Biofield | Spectral Properties of Disulfiram and Nicotinic Acid – Aftermath

# data[].attributes.body
The study to check the significant impact of Biofield treatment on structural property of Disulfiram and Nicotinic Acid.

# data[].attributes.headline
Biofield | Spectral Properties of Disulfiram and Nicotinic Acid – Aftermath

# data[].attributes.subject
Biofield | Spectral Properties of Disulfiram and Nicotinic Acid – Aftermath

# data[].attributes.body
Disulfiram is being used clinically as an aid in chronic alcoholism, while nicotinic acid is one of a B-complex vitamin that has cholesterol lowering activity. The aim of present study was to investigate the impact of biofield treatment on spectral properties of disulfiram and nicotinic acid.

# data[].attributes.headline
Characterization of Disulfiram & Nicotinic Acid after Biofield Treatment

# data[].attributes.subject
Characterization of Disulfiram & Nicotinic Acid after Biofield Treatment

# data[].attributes.body
Disulfiram is being used clinically as an aid in chronic alcoholism, while nicotinic acid is one of a B-complex vitamin that has cholesterol lowering activity. The aim of present study was to investigate the impact of biofield treatment on spectral properties of disulfiram and nicotinic acid.

# data[].attributes.headline
Disulfiram and Nicotinic Acid after Biofield Treatment

# data[].attributes.subject
Disulfiram and Nicotinic Acid after Biofield Treatment

# data[].attributes.body
The aim of present study was to investigate the impact of biofield treatment on spectral properties of disulfiram and nicotinic acid. The study was performed in two groups i.e., control and treatment of each drug.

# data[].attributes.headline
Streptococcus group B after Biofield Energy Treatment 

# data[].attributes.subject
Streptococcus group B after Biofield Energy Treatment 

# data[].attributes.body
Mahendra Kumar Trivedi evalutated the effect of biofield treatment on phenotyping and genotyping characteristic of Shigella sonnei. Read more

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Mendeley Supports Responsible Sharing Learn how you can share

# data[].attributes.headline
An Effect of Biofield Treatment on Streptococcus group B

# data[].attributes.subject
An Effect of Biofield Treatment on Streptococcus group B

# data[].attributes.body
An experimental study of Biofield Treatment impact on evaluation of Phenotyping and Genotyping Characteristic of Shigella sonnei by Mahendra Kumar Trivedi.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Please enable JavaScript to view the comments powered by Disqus.

Volume 7(5): 269-273 (2015) - 269

ISSN: 1948-5948 JMBT, an open access journal

Research ArticleOpen Access

Trivedi et al., J Microb Biochem Technol 2015, 7:5

http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/1948-5948.1000223

Research ArticleOpen Access

Microbial & Biochemical Technology

*Corresponding author:Snehasis Jana, Trivedi Global Inc., 10624 S Eastern

Avenue Suite A-969, Henderson, NV 89052, USA, Tel: +91-755-6660006; E-mail:

Received August 12, 2015; Accepted September 01, 2015; Published September

Citation: Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Shettigar H, et al. (2015)

Effect of Bioeld Energy Treatment on Streptococcus group B: A Postpartum

Pathogen. J Microb Biochem Technol 7: 269-273. doi: 10.4172/1948-5948.1000223

Copyright: © 2015 Trivedi MK, et al. This is an open-access article distributed

under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits

unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the

original author and source are credited.

Streptococcus agalactiae group B (S. agalactiae gr. B) is widespread in nature mainly causes bacterial

septicemia and neonatal meningitis. The current study was attempted to investigate the effect of bioeld treatment

on S. agalactiae gr. B with respect of antimicrobial sensitivity, biochemical reactions and bio typing. S. agalactiae

gr. B strain was used in this experiment bearing the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC 12386) number

and stored according to the recommended storage protocol. The revived and lyophilized state of ATCC strains

of S. agalactiae gr. B were selected for the study. Gr. I was considered as control. Both revived (Group; Gr. II)

and lyophilized (Gr. III) strains of S. agalactiae gr. B were subjected to Mr. Trivedi's bioeld treatment. Gr. II was

assessed on day 5 and day 10 while Gr. III on day 10 with respect to the control (Gr. I) using MicroScan Walk-Away®

system. Although bioeld treatment did not show any change with respect to susceptibility pattern. However the

minimum inhibitory concentration of S. agalactiae gr. B showed signicant (70.37%) alteration, out of twenty-seven

in lyophilized group (Gr. III) as compared to the control. Moreover, the improvement of MIC value of noroxacin was

observed by two-fold (8 to ≤4 µg/mL) in Gr. II on day 10 after bioeld energy treatment as compared to the control.

It was observed that overall 48.28% biochemical reactions, out of twenty-nine were altered in Gr. II with respect to

the control. Moreover, biotype numbers were changed in Gr. II on day 5 (777777615) and on day 10 (757677405)

as compared to the control (237147047). The results suggest that bioeld treatment has signicant impact on S.

agalactiae gr. B in revived treated cells (Gr. II) with respect to MIC values, biochemical reactions pattern and biotype

Effect of Biofield Energy Treatment on

Mahendra Kumar Trivedi1 , Alice Branton1 , Dahryn Trivedi1, Gopal Nayak1, Harish Shettigar1, Sambhu Charan Mondal2 and Snehasis Jana2*

1Trivedi Global Inc., 10624 S Eastern Avenue Suite A-969, Henderson, NV 89052, USA

2Trivedi Science Research Laboratory Pvt. Ltd., Hall-A, Chinar Mega Mall, Chinar Fortune City, Madhya Pradesh, India

Minimum inhibitory concentration; Biochemical reaction; Biotype

Abbreviations: CLSI: Clinical and laboratory standards institute;

GBS: Group B Streptococci; CAMP: Christie-Atkins-Munch-Petersen;

CDC: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; ACOG: American

College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists; AAP: American Academy

of Pediatrics; MIC: Minimum inhibitory concentration; ATCC:

American Type Culture Collection; PBPC 20: Positive Breakpoint

Group B Streptococci (GBS), or Streptococcus agalactiae group B,

are Gram-positive, non-spore forming, non-motile, β-hemolytic and

chain-forming cocci bacteria. It is mainly inhabitant in human gut ora

and female urogenital tract [1]. Pregnant women [2] and neonates [3] are

the main victim host of this organism. It can be transferred to neonates

through the birth canal and causes bacterial septicaemia and neonatal

meningitis [4]. Most of GBS, produce Christie-Atkins-Munch-Petersen

(CAMP) factor or protein B an extracellular cytolytic protein and

β-lysin from Staphyllococcus species are jointly lysed the erythrocytes

[5]. It is estimated that in US over 70,000 cases of GBS diseases

were prevented [6]. Several antibiotics such as penicillin, ampicillin,

amoxicillin, cephalosporins (all three generations), macrolides,

clindamycin and vancomycin (as alternative) have been used to treat

against GBS infections. Among above mentioned antibiotics penicillin

is the drug of choice next to cefazolin. However, it also have certain

limitations such as high minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), a

factor associated with high level of bacteremia and more concentration

of microbes in tissue, especially in cerebrospinal uid [7,8]. erefore,

some alternative treatment strategies are needed to overcome these

lacunas against β-hemolytic strain of gr. B Streptococci. Bioeld

treatment has been known as an alternative approach that may be

useful for S. agalactiae group B infected patients.

Researchers have shown that short-lived electrical events or action

potential exist in the several type of mammalian cells such as neurons,

muscles, and endocrine cells [9]. For instance, when the cells present

in central nervous system of human body communicate with each

another by means of electrical signals that propagate along the nerve

impulses. erefore, it was hypothesized that bioeld exists around

the human body and evidence was found using electromyography,

electrocardiography and electroencephalogram [10]. us, the human

body emits the electromagnetic waves in the form of bio-photons,

which surrounds the body and it is commonly known as bioeld.

erefore, the bioeld consists of electromagnetic eld, being generated

by moving electrically charged particles (ions, cell, molecule etc.) inside

the human body. Rivera-Ruiz reported that electrocardiography has

been extensively used to measure the bioeld of human body [11].

us, human has the ability to harness the energy from environment or

Universe and can transmit into any living or nonliving object(s) around

the Globe. e objects always receive the energy and responding into

useful way that is called bioeld energy and the process is known as

Citation: Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Shettigar H, et al. (2015) Effect of Bioeld Energy Treatment on Streptococcus group B: A

Postpartum Pathogen. J Microb Biochem Technol 7: 269-273. doi:10.4172/1948-5948.1000223

Volume 7(5): 269-273 (2015) - 270

ISSN: 1948-5948 JMBT, an open access journal

bioeld treatment that is also called as Trivedi eect®. Mr. Trivedi's

unique bioeld treatment has been known to transform the structural,

physical, and thermal properties of several metals in material science

[12-14], improved the overall productivity of crops [15,16], altered

characteristics features of microbes [17-19] and improved growth and

anatomical characteristics of various medicinal plants [20,21].

Due to the clinical signicance of this organism and literature

reports on bioeld treatment, the present work was undertaken to

evaluate the impact of bioeld treatment on S. agalactiae group B

in relation to antimicrobials susceptibility and bio typing based on

various biochemical characters.

S. agalactiae group B, American Type Culture Collection (ATCC

12386) strains were procured from MicroBioLogics, Inc., USA, in

two sets A and B. Two dierent sealed packs were stored with proper

storage conditions until further use. All the tested antimicrobials and

biochemicals were procured from Sigma-Aldrich, MA, USA. e

antimicrobial susceptibility, biochemical reactions and biotype number

were estimated with the help of MicroScan Walk-Away® (Dade Behring

Inc., West Sacramento, CA, USA) using Positive Breakpoint Combo 20

(PBPC 20) panel with respect to the control group.

Two ATCC samples A and B of S. agalactiae gr. Bwere grouped

(Gr.). ATCC A sample was revived and divided into two parts Gr.I

(control) and Gr.II (revived); likewise, ATCC B was labeled as Gr.III

Bioeld treatment strategy

e Gr. I remained as untreated. e treatment Gr. II and III

in sealed pack were handed over to Mr. Trivedi for bioeld energy

treatment under laboratory condition. Mr. Trivedi provided the

treatment through his energy transmission process which includes

bioenergy emission to the treated groups (Gr. II and Gr. III) without

touching the samples. Aer treatment, sample was handed over in the

same condition and stored at standard conditions as per the standard

experimental protocol. An optimum precautionary measure were taken

while evaluating the study parameters throughout the experiments.

e dierences in parameters before and aer the treatment were

noted and compared. Gr.II was assessed at two time point i.e. on day

5 and day 10, while Gr. III was assessed on day 10 for antimicrobial

susceptibility, MIC, biochemical reactions pattern, and biotyping.

Antimicrobial susceptibility test

Investigation of antimicrobial susceptibility of S. agalactiae gr. B

was carried out with the help of automated instrument, MicroScan

Walk-Away® system using PBPC 20 panel as per the clinical and

laboratory standards institute (CLSI) guidelines. e test was carried

out on MicroScan, which was miniaturized of the broth dilution

susceptibility test that has been dehydrated. Briey, the standardized

suspension of S. agalactiae gr. Bwas inoculated, rehydrated, and then

subjected to incubation for 16 hours at 35°C. e detailed experimental

procedures and conditions were followed as per the manufacturer's

instructions. e antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and MIC were

determined by observing the lowest antimicrobial concentration

showing growth inhibition [22].

Biochemical reaction studies

Biochemical reactions of S. agalactiae gr. Bwere determined using

MicroScan Walk-Away®, system with PBPC 20 panel [22]. Biochemicals

used in the study were arabinose, arginine, bacillosamine, bile

esculin, β-lactamases, crystal violet, hemolysin, indoxyl phosphatase,

inulin, acidication lactose, mannitol, mannose, micrococcus screen,

sodium chloride, nitrate, novobiocin, optochin, p-nitro phenyl β-D-

glucuronide, p -nitro phenyl β-D-galactopyranoside, phosphatase,

pyruvate, pyrolidonyl arylamidase, ranose, rambose, sorbitol,

thymidine free growth, acidication trehalose, urea, and Voges-

Identication of organism by biotype number

e biotype number of S. agalactiae gr. Bwas determined on

MicroScan Walk-Away® processed panel data report with the help of

biochemical reactions data [22].

Antimicrobial susceptibility test

e outcomes of MIC values of tested antimicrobials against S.

agalactiae gr. B aer bioeld treatment are summarized in Table 1. e

data were analyzed using automated system and compared with respect

to the control. In this experiment, twelve antibiotics were used to

investigate the susceptibility pattern on GBS viz. ampicillin, cefepime,

cefotaxime, ceriaxone, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, levooxacin,

linezolid, ooxacin, penicillin, tetracycline, and vancomycin. Out

of these, ve antibiotics showed susceptible in the control sample. It

has been evidenced from literatures that penicillin and its derivatives

are the choice of drugs against gr. B streptococcal infection [8,9].

However, bioeld treatment did not show any alteration with respect

to susceptibility pattern in all the treated groups aer bioeld treatment

(data not shown). Besides sensitivity assay, the MIC values of tested

antimicrobials were signicantly (70.37%) altered out of twenty seven

as compared to the control. e MIC value of noroxacin was reduced

by two-fold to ≤ 4 µg/mL aer bioeld treatment in Gr. II on day 10

as compared to the control (8 µg/mL). e MIC values of cefazolin,

cephalothin, and chloramphenicol were changed from ≤ 8 to >16 µg/

mL in Gr. II on day 5 and 10 as compared to the control. e MIC values

of rifampin and synercid were changed from ≤ 1 to >2 µg/mL in Gr. II

on day 5 and 10 as compared to the control. Alteration of MIC values of

cefotaxime and ceriaxone were changed from ≤8 to 32 µg/mL in Gr.

II on day 5 and 10 as compared to the control. Moreover, MIC values

of amoxicillin/k-clavulanate and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole

were slightly changed from ≤4/2 to >4/2 µg/mL (on day 5 and 10) and

≤2/38 to >2/38 µg/mL (on day 5) respectively in Gr. II aer bioeld

treatment as compared to the control. Antimicrobial linezolid showed

an alteration of MIC value in Gr. II on day 5 (>4 µg/mL) and on day

10 (4 µg/mL) as compared to the control. Besides this, alteration of

MIC values were observed in case of penicillin (≤ 0.03 to >8 µg/mL),

vancomycin (≤ 0.2 to >16 µg/mL), nitrofurantoin (≤ 32 to >64 µg/mL),

clindamycin (≤ 0.5 to >2 µg/mL), ampicillin (≤ 0.25 to >8 µg/mL) and

ampicillin/sulbactam (≤ 8/4 to >16/8 µg/mL) in Gr. II on day 5 and 10

as compared to the control. e MIC value of tetracycline was changed

from ≤ 4 to 8 µg/mL in Gr. II on day 10 and MIC value of oxacillin

was changed from ≤ 0.25 to >2 µg/mL (on day 5) and 2 µg/mL on day

10 in Gr. II as compared to control. Antimicrobials did not show any

change in MIC value in Gr. III as compared to the control aer bioeld

treatment. Seventeen out of twenty seven (62.96%) antimicrobials

showed alteration of MIC value in Gr. II on day 5 and 66.67% (eighteen

Citation: Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Shettigar H, et al. (2015) Effect of Bioeld Energy Treatment on Streptococcus group B: A

Postpartum Pathogen. J Microb Biochem Technol 7: 269-273. doi:10.4172/1948-5948.1000223

Volume 7(5): 269-273 (2015) - 271

ISSN: 1948-5948 JMBT, an open access journal

such as ranose (RAF) and sorbitol (SOR) showed an alteration of

biochemical reaction i.e. negative (-) to positive (+) in Gr. II on day 5

while remained negative in Gr. II on day 10 and in Gr. III as compared

e one of the key characteristic feature for GBS is complete

lysis of red blood cells and metabolization of sugars by fermentation

process. Hence, in control sample the positive reaction of hemolysin

(HEM) indicated β-hemolysis of erythrocytes and positive reaction of

acidifying lactose (LAC) indicated the production of lactic acid as bi-

product. e data was supported with literature [23]. Similarly, based

on existing literature pyrolidonyl arylamidase (PYR) has negative

reaction in group B streptococcal species while positive reaction in

group A streptococcal. Control data of PYR was well supported with

literature data [24]. However, aer bioeld treatment the negative

reaction was altered in Gr. II, assessed on day 5 as well as day 10 due to

change of enzymatic reaction.

Overall, 48.28% biochemical reactions were altered in tested

twenty-nine biochemicals with respect to the control aer bioeld

treatment. In both time points of Gr. II (day 5 and 10) 41.38% (twelve

out of twenty-nine) biochemical reactions were altered as compared

to the control. About 51.72% out of twenty-nine biochemicals, such as

arabinose (ARA), bacillosamine (BAC), β-lactamase (BL), hemolysin

(HEM), indoxyl phosphatase (IDX), inulin (INU), acidication lactose

(LAC), mannose (MNS), micrococcus screen (MS), optochin (OPT),

glycosidase (PGT), phosphatase (PHO), thymidine free growth (TFG),

acidication trehalose (TRE), and Voges-Proskauer (VP) did not

out of twenty seven) on day 10 as compared to the control aer bioeld

treatment. Eight, out of twenty seven tested antimicrobials (29.63%)

viz. cefepime, ciprooxacin, gatioxacin, imipenem, levooxacin,

moxioxacin, ooxacin and piperacillin/tazobactam did not show any

alteration of MIC values in all the treated cells of GBS as compared to

Biochemical reactions studies

Study of biochemical reactions can be utilized to identify

the enzymatic and metabolic characteristic features of microbes.

Microorganisms can be categorically dierentiated based on their

utilization of specic biochemicals as nutrients during the process of

metabolism or enzymatic reactions. e specic biochemical showed

some changes against S. agalactiae gr. Baer bioeld treatment that

are shown in Table 2. Biochemicals such as bile esculin (BE), crystal

violet (CV), mannitol (MAN), sodium chloride (NaCl), nitrate (NIT),

novobiocin (NOV), pyrolidonyl arylamidase (PYR) and urea (URE)

were changed from negative (-) to positive (+) reactions in revived

treated group (Gr. II) on day 5 and 10, but remained same i.e. negative

(-) reaction in lyophilized treated cells (Gr. III) with respective to

control. Arginine (ARG) and glycosidase (PGR) were converted

from positive (+) to negative (-) reactions in Gr. II on day 10, while

remained unchanged i.e. positive (+) on day 5 in Gr. II and in Gr. III as

compared to the control in bioeld treated S. agalactiae gr. B. Similarly,

pyruvate (PRV), and rambose (RBS) were converted from positive (+)

to negative (-) reactions on both days in Gr. II, while did not show any

change in Gr. III as compared with the control. Moreover, biochemicals

S. No.AntimicrobialType of Response

10. Ciprooxacin≤1 ≤1 ≤1 ≤1

12. Gatioxacin≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2

14. Levooxacin≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2

16. Moxioxacin≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2

22. Piperacillin/tazobactam≤4 ≤4 ≤4 ≤4

MIC values are presented in µg/mL; Gr.: Group

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Effect of Biofield Energy Treatment on Streptococcus group B: A Postpartum Pathogen - PdfSR.com

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Streptococcus agalactiae group B (S. agalactiae gr. B) is widespread in nature mainly causes bacterial septicemia and neonatal meningitis. The current study was attempted to investigate the effect of biofield treatment on S. agalactiae gr. B with respect of antimicrobial sensitivity, biochemical reactions and bio typing. S. agalactiae gr.

# data[].attributes.headline
Biofield Treatment on Streptococcus group B – Study more

# data[].attributes.subject
Biofield Treatment on Streptococcus group B – Study more

# data[].attributes.body
Know more about the effect of Mahendra Kumar Trivedi’s Biofield treatment on Phenotyping and Genotyping Characteristic of Shigella sonnei.

# data[].attributes.headline
Biofield Energy Treatment on Streptococcus group B

# data[].attributes.subject
Biofield Energy Treatment on Streptococcus group B

# data[].attributes.body
View publication of Mahendra Kumar Trivedi on Evaluation of Phenotyping and Genotyping Characteristic of Shigella sonnei after Biofield Treatment.

# data[].attributes.headline
Characteristic of Shigella sonnei after Biofield Treatment

# data[].attributes.subject
Characteristic of Shigella sonnei after Biofield Treatment

# data[].attributes.body
In the present study, Trivedi Science Research Laboratory Team assessed the effect of biofield treatment on phenotyping and genotyping characteristic of S. sonnei (ATCC 9290).

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
¹ Trivedi Global Inc., 10624 S Eastern Avenue Suite A-969, Henderson, NV 89052, USA

² Trivedi Science Research Laboratory Pvt. Ltd., Hall-A, Chinar Mega Mall, Chinar Fortune City, Madhya Pradesh, India

*Corresponding Author:

Snehasis Jana
Trivedi Global Inc.
10624 S Eastern Avenue Suite A-969
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Tel: +91-755-6660006
E-mail: [email protected]

Received Date: August 12, 2015; Accepted Date: September 01, 2015; Published Date: September 08, 2015

Citation: Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Shettigar H, et al. (2015) Effect of Biofield Energy Treatment on Streptococcus group B: A Postpartum Pathogen. J Microb Biochem Technol 7:269-273. doi:10.4172/1948-5948.1000223

Copyright: © 2015 Trivedi MK, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Visit for more related articles at Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology

Abstract

Streptococcus agalactiae group B (S. agalactiae gr. B) is widespread in nature mainly causes bacterial septicemia and neonatal meningitis. The current study was attempted to investigate the effect of biofield treatment on S. agalactiae gr. B with respect of antimicrobial sensitivity, biochemical reactions and bio typing. S. agalactiae gr. B strain was used in this experiment bearing the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC 12386) number and stored according to the recommended storage protocol. The revived and lyophilized state of ATCC strains of S. agalactiae gr. B were selected for the study. Gr. I was considered as control. Both revived (Group; Gr. II) and lyophilized (Gr. III) strains of S. agalactiae gr. B were subjected to Mr. Trivedi's biofield treatment. Gr. II was assessed on day 5 and day 10 while Gr. III on day 10 with respect to the control (Gr. I) using MicroScan Walk-Away® system. Although biofield treatment did not show any change with respect to susceptibility pattern. However the minimum inhibitory concentration of S. agalactiae gr. B showed significant (70.37%) alteration, out of twenty-seven tested antimicrobials, among which in Gr. II i.e. 62.96% on day 5 and 66.67% on day 10 while no alteration was found in lyophilized group (Gr. III) as compared to the control. Moreover, the improvement of MIC value of norfloxacin was observed by two-fold (8 to ≤4 μg/mL) in Gr. II on day 10 after biofield energy treatment as compared to the control. It was observed that overall 48.28% biochemical reactions, out of twenty-nine were altered in Gr. II with respect to the control. Moreover, biotype numbers were changed in Gr. II on day 5 (777777615) and on day 10 (757677405) as compared to the control (237147047). The results suggest that biofield treatment has significant impact on S. agalactiae gr. B in revived treated cells (Gr. II) with respect to MIC values, biochemical reactions pattern and biotype number.

Keywords

Streptococcus agalactiae group B; Biofield treatment; Minimum inhibitory concentration; Biochemical reaction; Biotype

Abbreviations

CLSI: Clinical and laboratory standards institute; GBS: Group B Streptococci; CAMP: Christie-Atkins-Munch-Petersen; CDC: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; ACOG: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists; AAP: American Academy of Pediatrics; MIC: Minimum inhibitory concentration; ATCC: American Type Culture Collection; PBPC 20: Positive Breakpoint Combo 20

Introduction

Group B Streptococci (GBS), or Streptococcus agalactiae group B, are Gram-positive, non-spore forming, non-motile, β-hemolytic and chain-forming cocci bacteria. It is mainly inhabitant in human gut flora and female urogenital tract [ 1]. Pregnant women [ 2] and neonates [ 3] are the main victim host of this organism. It can be transferred to neonates through the birth canal and causes bacterial septicaemia and neonatal meningitis [ 4]. Most of GBS, produce Christie-Atkins-Munch-Petersen (CAMP) factor or protein B an extracellular cytolytic protein and β-lysin from Staphyllococcus species are jointly lysed the erythrocytes [ 5]. It is estimated that in US over 70,000 cases of GBS diseases were prevented [ 6]. Several antibiotics such as penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, cephalosporins (all three generations), macrolides, clindamycin and vancomycin (as alternative) have been used to treat against GBS infections. Among above mentioned antibiotics penicillin is the drug of choice next to cefazolin. However, it also have certain limitations such as high minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), a factor associated with high level of bacteremia and more concentration of microbes in tissue, especially in cerebrospinal fluid [ 7, 8]. Therefore, some alternative treatment strategies are needed to overcome these lacunas against β-hemolytic strain of gr. B Streptococci. Biofield treatment has been known as an alternative approach that may be useful for S. agalactiae group B infected patients.

Researchers have shown that short-lived electrical events or action potential exist in the several type of mammalian cells such as neurons, muscles, and endocrine cells [ 9]. For instance, when the cells present in central nervous system of human body communicate with each another by means of electrical signals that propagate along the nerve impulses. Therefore, it was hypothesized that biofield exists around the human body and evidence was found using electromyography, electrocardiography and electroencephalogram [ 10]. Thus, the human body emits the electromagnetic waves in the form of bio-photons, which surrounds the body and it is commonly known as biofield. Therefore, the biofield consists of electromagnetic field, being generated by moving electrically charged particles (ions, cell, molecule etc.) inside the human body. Rivera-Ruiz reported that electrocardiography has been extensively used to measure the biofield of human body [ 11]. Thus, human has the ability to harness the energy from environment or Universe and can transmit into any living or nonliving object(s) around the Globe. The objects always receive the energy and responding into useful way that is called biofield energy and the process is known as biofield treatment that is also called as Trivedi effect ®. Mr. Trivedi's unique biofield treatment has been known to transform the structural, physical, and thermal properties of several metals in material science [ 12- 14], improved the overall productivity of crops [ 15, 16], altered characteristics features of microbes [ 17- 19] and improved growth and anatomical characteristics of various medicinal plants [ 20, 21].

Due to the clinical significance of this organism and literature reports on biofield treatment, the present work was undertaken to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on S. agalactiae group B in relation to antimicrobials susceptibility and bio typing based on various biochemical characters.

Materials and Methods

S. agalactiae group B, American Type Culture Collection (ATCC 12386) strains were procured from MicroBioLogics, Inc., USA, in two sets A and B. Two different sealed packs were stored with proper storage conditions until further use. All the tested antimicrobials and biochemicals were procured from Sigma-Aldrich, MA, USA. The antimicrobial susceptibility, biochemical reactions and biotype number were estimated with the help of MicroScan Walk-Away ® (Dade Behring Inc., West Sacramento, CA, USA) using Positive Breakpoint Combo 20 (PBPC 20) panel with respect to the control group.
Experimental design
Two ATCC samples A and B of S. agalactiae gr. B were grouped (Gr.). ATCC A sample was revived and divided into two parts Gr.I (control) and Gr.II (revived); likewise, ATCC B was labeled as Gr.III (lyophilized).
Biofield treatment strategy
The Gr. I remained as untreated. The treatment Gr. II and III in sealed pack were handed over to Mr. Trivedi for biofield energy treatment under laboratory condition. Mr. Trivedi provided the treatment through his energy transmission process which includes bioenergy emission to the treated groups (Gr. II and Gr. III) without touching the samples. After treatment, sample was handed over in the same condition and stored at standard conditions as per the standard experimental protocol. An optimum precautionary measure were taken while evaluating the study parameters throughout the experiments. The differences in parameters before and after the treatment were noted and compared. Gr.II was assessed at two time point i.e. on day 5 and day 10, while Gr. III was assessed on day 10 for antimicrobial susceptibility, MIC, biochemical reactions pattern, and biotyping.
Antimicrobial susceptibility test
Investigation of antimicrobial susceptibility of S. agalactiae gr. B was carried out with the help of automated instrument, MicroScan Walk-Away ® system using PBPC 20 panel as per the clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI) guidelines. The test was carried out on MicroScan, which was miniaturized of the broth dilution susceptibility test that has been dehydrated. Briefly, the standardized suspension of S. agalactiae gr. B was inoculated, rehydrated, and then subjected to incubation for 16 hours at 35°C. The detailed experimental procedures and conditions were followed as per the manufacturer's instructions. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and MIC were determined by observing the lowest antimicrobial concentration showing growth inhibition [22].
Biochemical reaction studies
Biochemical reactions of S. agalactiae gr. B were determined using MicroScan Walk-Away ®, system with PBPC 20 panel [ 22]. Biochemicals used in the study were arabinose, arginine, bacillosamine, bile esculin, β-lactamases, crystal violet, hemolysin, indoxyl phosphatase, inulin, acidification lactose, mannitol, mannose, micrococcus screen, sodium chloride, nitrate, novobiocin, optochin, p-nitro phenyl β-Dglucuronide, p-nitro phenyl β-D-galactopyranoside, phosphatase, pyruvate, pyrolidonyl arylamidase, raffinose, rambose, sorbitol, thymidine free growth, acidification trehalose, urea, and Voges- Proskauer.
Identification of organism by biotype number
The biotype number of S. agalactiae gr. B was determined on MicroScan Walk-Away ® processed panel data report with the help of biochemical reactions data [ 22].

Results and Discussion
Antimicrobial susceptibility test
The outcomes of MIC values of tested antimicrobials against S. agalactiae gr. B after biofield treatment are summarized in Table 1. The data were analyzed using automated system and compared with respect to the control. In this experiment, twelve antibiotics were used to investigate the susceptibility pattern on GBS viz. ampicillin, cefepime, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, levofloxacin, linezolid, ofloxacin, penicillin, tetracycline, and vancomycin. Out of these, five antibiotics showed susceptible in the control sample. It has been evidenced from literatures that penicillin and its derivatives are the choice of drugs against gr. B streptococcal infection [8,9]. However, biofield treatment did not show any alteration with respect to susceptibility pattern in all the treated groups after biofield treatment (data not shown). Besides sensitivity assay, the MIC values of tested antimicrobials were significantly (70.37%) altered out of twenty seven as compared to the control. The MIC value of norfloxacin was reduced by two-fold to ≤ 4 μg/mL after biofield treatment in Gr. II on day 10 as compared to the control (8 μg/mL). The MIC values of cefazolin, cephalothin, and chloramphenicol were changed from ≤ 8 to >16 μg/ mL in Gr. II on day 5 and 10 as compared to the control. The MIC values of rifampin and synercid were changed from ≤ 1 to >2 μg/mL in Gr. II on day 5 and 10 as compared to the control. Alteration of MIC values of cefotaxime and ceftriaxone were changed from ≤8 to 32 μg/mL in Gr. II on day 5 and 10 as compared to the control. Moreover, MIC values of amoxicillin/k-clavulanate and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole were slightly changed from ≤4/2 to >4/2 μg/mL (on day 5 and 10) and ≤2/38 to >2/38 μg/mL (on day 5) respectively in Gr. II after biofield treatment as compared to the control. Antimicrobial linezolid showed an alteration of MIC value in Gr. II on day 5 (>4 μg/mL) and on day 10 (4 μg/mL) as compared to the control. Besides this, alteration of MIC values were observed in case of penicillin (≤ 0.03 to >8 μg/mL), vancomycin (≤ 0.2 to >16 μg/mL), nitrofurantoin (≤ 32 to >64 μg/mL), clindamycin (≤ 0.5 to >2 μg/mL), ampicillin (≤ 0.25 to >8 μg/mL) and ampicillin/sulbactam (≤ 8/4 to >16/8 μg/mL) in Gr. II on day 5 and 10 as compared to the control. The MIC value of tetracycline was changed from ≤ 4 to 8 μg/mL in Gr. II on day 10 and MIC value of oxacillin was changed from ≤ 0.25 to >2 μg/mL (on day 5) and 2 μg/mL on day 10 in Gr. II as compared to control. Antimicrobials did not show any change in MIC value in Gr. III as compared to the control after biofield treatment. Seventeen out of twenty seven (62.96%) antimicrobials showed alteration of MIC value in Gr. II on day 5 and 66.67% (eighteen out of twenty seven) on day 10 as compared to the control after biofield treatment. Eight, out of twenty seven tested antimicrobials (29.63%) viz. cefepime, ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin, imipenem, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, ofloxacin and piperacillin/tazobactam did not show any alteration of MIC values in all the treated cells of GBS as compared to the control ( Table 1).

MIC values are presented in μg/mL; Gr.: Group

Table 1: Effect of biofield treatment on Streptococcus agalactiae group B to minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of tested antimicrobials.
Biochemical reactions studies
Study of biochemical reactions can be utilized to identify the enzymatic and metabolic characteristic features of microbes. Microorganisms can be categorically differentiated based on their utilization of specific biochemicals as nutrients during the process of metabolism or enzymatic reactions. The specific biochemical showed some changes against S. agalactiae gr. B after biofield treatment that are shown in Table 2. Biochemicals such as bile esculin (BE), crystal violet (CV), mannitol (MAN), sodium chloride (NaCl), nitrate (NIT), novobiocin (NOV), pyrolidonyl arylamidase (PYR) and urea (URE) were changed from negative (-) to positive (+) reactions in revived treated group (Gr. II) on day 5 and 10, but remained same i.e. negative (-) reaction in lyophilized treated cells (Gr. III) with respective to control. Arginine (ARG) and glycosidase (PGR) were converted from positive (+) to negative (-) reactions in Gr. II on day 10, while remained unchanged i.e. positive (+) on day 5 in Gr. II and in Gr. III as compared to the control in biofield treated S. agalactiae gr. B. Similarly, pyruvate (PRV), and rambose (RBS) were converted from positive (+) to negative (-) reactions on both days in Gr. II, while did not show any change in Gr. III as compared with the control. Moreover, biochemicals such as raffinose (RAF) and sorbitol (SOR) showed an alteration of biochemical reaction i.e. negative (-) to positive (+) in Gr. II on day 5 while remained negative in Gr. II on day 10 and in Gr. III as compared to the control.

'-' (negative); '+' (positive); Gr.: Group; NR: Not reported; *PGR: p-nitro phenyl β-D- glucuronide; #PGT: p-nitro phenyl β-D-galactopyranoside.

Table 2: Effect of biofield treatment on Streptococcus agalactiae group B to the biochemical reaction pattern.

The one of the key characteristic feature for GBS is complete lysis of red blood cells and metabolization of sugars by fermentation process. Hence, in control sample the positive reaction of hemolysin (HEM) indicated β-hemolysis of erythrocytes and positive reaction of acidifying lactose (LAC) indicated the production of lactic acid as biproduct. The data was supported with literature [ 23]. Similarly, based on existing literature pyrolidonyl arylamidase (PYR) has negative reaction in group B streptococcal species while positive reaction in group A streptococcal. Control data of PYR was well supported with literature data [ 24]. However, after biofield treatment the negative reaction was altered in Gr. II, assessed on day 5 as well as day 10 due to change of enzymatic reaction.

Overall, 48.28% biochemical reactions were altered in tested twenty-nine biochemicals with respect to the control after biofield treatment. In both time points of Gr. II (day 5 and 10) 41.38% (twelve out of twenty-nine) biochemical reactions were altered as compared to the control. About 51.72% out of twenty-nine biochemicals, such as arabinose (ARA), bacillosamine (BAC), β-lactamase (BL), hemolysin (HEM), indoxyl phosphatase (IDX), inulin (INU), acidification lactose (LAC), mannose (MNS), micrococcus screen (MS), optochin (OPT), glycosidase (PGT), phosphatase (PHO), thymidine free growth (TFG), acidification trehalose (TRE), and Voges-Proskauer (VP) did not show any change in all the treated groups after biofield treatment as compared to the control.
Identification of organism by biotype number
The species ( S. agalactiae gr. B) was identified based on variety of conventional biochemical characters and biotyping. Biotype number of particular organism was evaluated after interpreting the results of the biochemical reactions. The biotype number then led to the particular organism identification. In this experiment, biotyping was performed using automated systems. Results showed changes of biotype numbers in the biofield treated Gr. II (on day 5 and 10) and Gr. III (on day 10) without alteration of organism. Based on the biochemical data, biotype number was changed in treated Gr. II on day 5 (777777615, S. agalactiae group B) and on day 10 (757677405, S. agalactiae group B) with respect to the control (237147047) i.e. S. agalactiae group B ( Table 3). Biotyping, covers the overall cellular pattern of enzymatic activities of any organism. GBS can be characterized based on analysis of biochemical properties with CAMP, Na-hippurate positive and esculin negative as key characters [ 25]. In this experiment, bile esculin also showed negative (-) reaction in control sample, that directly correlated with literature. This negative reaction of esculin was altered after biofield treatment in revived treated cells of GBS. It was indicated that biofield treatment has the ability to alter the biochemical pattern which may be due to change the enzymatic reaction. So, it is assumed that these changes of biotype number without alteration in organism may be due to change of metabolic and/or enzymatic reactions of GBS.

Table 3: Effect of biofield treatment on biotype number of Streptococcus agalactiae group B.

Biofield treatment may responsible for alteration in microorganism at genetic and/or enzymatic level, which probably act on receptor protein. While altering receptor protein, ligand-receptor/protein interactions may alter that could lead to different phenotypic characteristics [ 26]. Biofield treatment might induce a significant changes in revived strain of GBS and altered the MIC values, biochemical reactions, and ultimately change the biotype number of microorganism.

Conclusion

Altogether, the biofield treatment has significantly altered 70.37%, (out of twenty-seven) the MIC values of tested antimicrobials against the strain of S. agalactiae gr. B. Norfloxacin was improved the MIC value by two-fold (8 to ≤4 μg/mL) in Gr. II on day 10 after biofield energy treatment as compared to the control. Additionally, it also significantly (48.28%) altered the biochemical reactions pattern of biofield energy treated strain of S. agalactiae gr. B. On the basis of utilization of group B streptococcal specific biochemicals, change in metabolic reactions led to variation of biotype number in all the treated groups without change of organism after biofield treatment with respect to the control. Based on above findings, it is assumed that Mr. Trivedi's biofield treatment is an alternative approach to alter the antibiogram profile of S. agalactiae gr. B.

Acknowledgements

Authors gratefully acknowledged to Trivedi science, Trivedi testimonials and Trivedi master wellness and the whole team of PD Hinduja National Hospital and MRC, Mumbai, Microbiology Lab for their support.

References

1. Campbell JR, Hillier SL, Krohn MA, Ferrieri P, Zaleznik DF, et al. (2000) Group B Streptococcal colonization and serotype-specific immunity in pregnant women at delivery. ObstetGynecol 96: 498-503.

2. Cowgill K, Taylor TH Jr, Schuchat A, Schrag S (2003) Report from the CDC. Awareness of perinatal group B streptococcal infection among women of childbearing age in the United States, 1999 and 2002. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 12: 527-532.

3. Mullaney DM (2001) Group B streptococcal infections in newborns. J ObstetGynecol Neonatal Nurs 30: 649-658.

4. van der Poll T, Opal SM (2008) Host-pathogen interactions in sepsis. Lancet Infect Dis 8: 32-43.

5. Ratner HB, Weeks LS, Stratton CW (1986) Evaluation of spot CAMP test for identification of group B streptococci. J ClinMicrobiol 24: 296-297.

6. Schuchat A, Wenger JD (1994) Epidemiology of group B streptococcal disease. Risk factors, prevention strategies, and vaccine development. Epidemiol Rev 16: 374-402.

7. Jacobs MR, Kelly F, Speck WT (1982) Susceptibility of group B streptococci to 16 beta-lactam antibiotics, including new penicillin and cephalosporin derivatives. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 22: 897-900.

8. McCracken GH Jr, Ginsberg C, Chrane DF, Thomas ML, Horton LJ (1973) Clinical pharmacology of penicillin in newborn infants. J Pediatr 82: 692-698.

9. Myers R (2003) The basics of chemistry. Greenwood Press, Westport, Connecticut.

10. Movaffaghi Z, Farsi M (2009) Biofield therapies: biophysical basis and biological regulations? Complement TherClinPract 15: 35-37.

11. Rivera-Ruiz M, Cajavilca C, Varon J (2008) Einthoven's string galvanometer: the first electrocardiograph. Tex Heart Inst J 35: 174-178.

12. Trivedi MK, Tallapragada RM (2008) A transcendental to changing metal powder characteristics. Met Powder Rep 63: 22-28.

13. Trivedi MK, Nayak G, Patil S, Tallapragada RM, Latiyal O (2015) Studies of the atomic and crystalline characteristics of ceramic oxide nano powders after bio field treatment. Ind Eng Manage 4: 161.

14. Dabhade VV, Tallapragada RR, Trivedi MK (2009) Effect of external energy on atomic, crystalline and powder characteristics of antimony and bismuth powders. Bull Mater Sci 32: 471-479.

15. Sances F, Flora E, Patil S, Spence A, Shinde V (2013) Impact of biofield treatment on ginseng and organic blueberry yield. Agrivita J AgricSci 35: 22-29.

16. Lenssen AW (2013) Biofield and fungicide seed treatment influences on soybean productivity, seed quality and weed community. Agricultural Journal 83: 138-143.

17. Trivedi MK, Patil S, Shettigar H, Gangwar M, Jana S (2015) Antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of Pseudomonas fluorescens after biofield treatment. J Infect Dis Ther 3: 222.

18. Trivedi MK, Patil S, Shettigar H, Bairwa K, Jana S (2015) Phenotypic and biotypic characterization of Klebsiellaoxytoca: An impact of biofield treatment. J MicrobBiochemTechnol 7: 203-206.

19. Trivedi MK, Patil S, Shettigar H, Gangwar M, Jana S (2015) An effect of biofield treatment on multidrug-resistant Burkholderiacepacia: A multihost pathogen. J Trop Dis 3: 167.

20. Patil SA, Nayak GB, Barve SS, Tembe RP, Khan RR (2012) Impact of biofield treatment on growth and anatomical characteristics of Pogostemoncablin (Benth.). Biotechnology 11: 154-162.

21. Nayak G, Altekar N (2015) Effect of biofield treatment on plant growth and adaptation. J Environ Health Sci 1: 1-9.

22. Fader RC, Weaver E, Fossett R, Toyras M, Vanderlaan J, et al. (2013) Multilaboratory study of the biomic automated well-reading instrument versus MicroScanWalkAway for reading MicroScan antimicrobial susceptibility and identification panels. J ClinMicrobiol 51: 1548-1554.

23. Kaufhold A, Ferrieri P (1993) The microbiologic aspects, including diagnosis, of beta-hemolytic streptococcal and enterococcal infections. Infect Dis Clin North Am 7: 235-256.

24. Facklam RR, Thacker LG, Fox B, Eriquez L (1982) Presumptive identification of streptococci with a new test system. J ClinMicrobiol 15: 987-990.

25. Ekin IH, Gurturk K, Yaman G, Yesilova A (2010) Biotyping of nontypeable Group B Streptococci. Van Vet J 21: 117-122.

26. Lindstrom E, Mild KH, Lundgren E (1998) Analysis of the T cell activation signaling pathway during ELF magnetic field exposure, p56lck and [Ca2+]i-measurements. BioeletrochemBioenerg 46: 129-137.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Effect of Biofield Energy Treatment on Streptococcus group B: A Postpartum Pathogen

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
1 Trivedi Global Inc., 10624 S Eastern Avenue Suite A-969, Henderson, NV 89052, USA 2 Trivedi Science Research Laboratory Pvt. Ltd., Hall-A, Chinar Mega Mall, Chinar Fortune City, Madhya Pradesh, India *Corresponding Author: Snehasis Jana Trivedi Global Inc.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	




	
	
		Characteristic of Shigella sonnei after Biofield Treatment
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	




	
	
		Characteristic of Shigella sonnei after Biofield Treatment
	

# data[].attributes.body
Study Mahendra Kumar Trivedi Biofield Treatment effect on Phenotyping and Genotyping Characteristic of Shigella sonnei.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	




	
	
		Biofield Effect on Phenotyping & Genotyping Characteristic of Shigella sonnei 
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	




	
	
		Biofield Effect on Phenotyping & Genotyping Characteristic of Shigella sonnei 
	

# data[].attributes.body
Read research of Mahendra Kumar Trivedi on Evaluation of Phenotyping and Genotyping Characteristic of Shigella sonnei after Biofield Treatment.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	




	
	
		Trivedi Effect & Biofield Healer - Mahendra Kumar Trivedi | Disqus
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	




	
	
		Trivedi Effect & Biofield Healer - Mahendra Kumar Trivedi | Disqus
	

# data[].attributes.body
Mahendra Kumar Trivedi is a man who has the power to harness the unique energy called Trivedi effect and transmit it for the welfare of the society. Get more updates about him on Disqus.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Mahendra Kumar Trivedi earned his 5-year Bachelor's degree in Mechanical Engineering in 1985 and worked as an Engineer for 10 years. In 1995, Mr. Trivedi discovered that he had the unique ability to harness the energy from the universe and transmit it to anywhere on the globe, infusing it into living organisms and nonliving materials, thus optimizing their potential.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	




	
	
		Trivedi Effect and Biofield Treatment by Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	




	
	
		Trivedi Effect and Biofield Treatment by Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
	

# data[].attributes.body
Mahendra Kumar Trivedi’s research constitute of an invaluable database for scientists attempting to understand the power of consciousness, energy medicine and the human biofield of energy.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Mahendra Trivedi | Independent Researcher | Trivedi Global Inc. | Academic Room

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Presently, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi has designed various Human "Trivedi Master Wellness" Programs in which thousands of people have reported results that are often described as "miraculous" and "life-changing."

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	




	
	
		Mahendra Kumar Trivedi on Peerevaluation | Biofield Energy
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	




	
	
		Mahendra Kumar Trivedi on Peerevaluation | Biofield Energy
	

# data[].attributes.body
Follow Mahendra Kumar Trivedi's Scientific Profile on Peerevaluation. He has done much work with Biofield Therapy. To prove The Trivedi Effect®, Mr. Trivedi has conducted around 4,000 scientific studies. Follow him.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Peer Evaluation : Mahendra Kumar Trivedi

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Mahendra Kumar Trivedi completed his Bachelor's degree in Mechanical Engineering in 1985 and worked as an Engineer for 10 years. In 1995, Mr. Trivedi discovered that he has the unique ability to harness the energy from the universe and transmit it to anywhere on earth, infusing it into living organisms and nonliving materials to optimize their potential.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	




	
	
		Trivedi Effect by Mahendra Kumar Trivedi | Genetics| Genologist
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	




	
	
		Trivedi Effect by Mahendra Kumar Trivedi | Genetics| Genologist
	

# data[].attributes.body
Join Mahendra Trivedi and read about the impact of Trivedi Effect in the field of genetics, cancer, biotechnology, microbiology and more.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	




	
	
		Trivedi Effect by Mahendra Kumar Trivedi | SCOPUS
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	




	
	
		Trivedi Effect by Mahendra Kumar Trivedi | SCOPUS
	

# data[].attributes.body
Join Mahendra Kumar Trivedi on SCOPUS and know more about Trivedi Effect & his contribution in the field of science, technology, medicine, social sciences, arts & humanities.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Elsevier's Scopus, the largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature. Search and access research from the science, technology, medicine, social sciences and arts and humanities fields.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	




	
	
		Mahendra Kumar Trivedi’s Biofield Therapy| Trivedi Effect
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	




	
	
		Mahendra Kumar Trivedi’s Biofield Therapy| Trivedi Effect
	

# data[].attributes.body
Visit Mahendra Kumar Trivedi's Scientific Profile on WorldCat. Founder of The Trivedi Effect®, Mahendra Trivedi has a unique ability to transmit Universal Energy through his thoughts. To prove this over 4,000 scientific studies has been done.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Designate your favorite libraries to see item holding information filtered to the top and directory information in the Favorite Libraries section of your profile. - To add libraries, search WorldCat for an item of interest then find libraries near you using the Libraries tab.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	




	
	
		Biofield Energy - Trivedi Effect by Mahendra Trivedi | Kudos
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	




	
	
		Biofield Energy - Trivedi Effect by Mahendra Trivedi | Kudos
	

# data[].attributes.body
Mahendra Kumar Trivedi has brought the revolution in the field of science by his exceptional ability in biofield energy. Read the researches done to validate his powerful energy called The Trivedi Effect.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Kudos - helping increase the reach and impact of research

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
A free platform for explaining your research in plain language, and managing how you communicate around it - so you can understand how best to increase its impact.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	




	
	
		Biofield healers| Trivedi Effect by Mahendra Trivedi
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	




	
	
		Biofield healers| Trivedi Effect by Mahendra Trivedi
	

# data[].attributes.body
Follow Mahendra Trivedi on Mendeley & know more about Trivedi effect and his expertise in Biofield. Read the researches done to authenticate his unique ability called Trivedi Effect.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Connect and collaborate with Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, with research interests in Agriculture and Biotechnology, on Mendeley.

# data[].attributes.headline
The Trivedi Effect®| Mahendra Kumar Trivedi | Epernicus

# data[].attributes.subject
The Trivedi Effect®| Mahendra Kumar Trivedi | Epernicus

# data[].attributes.body
Mahendra Kumar Trivedi's mission is to utilize The Trivedi Effect® to usher in a new era that integrates scientific research with consciousness that benefits humanity on a global scale. Join him to know more.

# data[].attributes.headline
Mahendra Kumar Trivedi on Peerevaluation | Biofield Energy

# data[].attributes.subject
Mahendra Kumar Trivedi on Peerevaluation | Biofield Energy

# data[].attributes.body
Follow Mahendra Kumar Trivedi's Scientific Profile on Peerevaluation. He has done much work with Biofield Therapy. To prove The Trivedi Effect®, Mr. Trivedi has conducted around 4,000 scientific studies. Follow him.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Peer Evaluation : Mahendra Kumar Trivedi

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Mahendra Kumar Trivedi completed his Bachelor's degree in Mechanical Engineering in 1985 and worked as an Engineer for 10 years. In 1995, Mr. Trivedi discovered that he has the unique ability to harness the energy from the universe and transmit it to anywhere on earth, infusing it into living organisms and nonliving materials to optimize their potential.

# data[].attributes.headline
Trivedi Effect and Biofield Treatment by Mahendra Kumar Trivedi

# data[].attributes.subject
Trivedi Effect and Biofield Treatment by Mahendra Kumar Trivedi

# data[].attributes.body
Mahendra Kumar Trivedi’s research constitute of an invaluable database for scientists attempting to understand the power of consciousness, energy medicine and the human biofield of energy.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Mahendra Trivedi | Independent Researcher | Trivedi Global Inc. | Academic Room

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Presently, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi has designed various Human "Trivedi Master Wellness" Programs in which thousands of people have reported results that are often described as "miraculous" and "life-changing."

# data[].attributes.headline
Trivedi Effect & Biofield Healer - Mahendra Kumar Trivedi | Disqus

# data[].attributes.subject
Trivedi Effect & Biofield Healer - Mahendra Kumar Trivedi | Disqus

# data[].attributes.body
Mahendra Kumar Trivedi is a man who has the power to harness the unique energy called Trivedi effect and transmit it for the welfare of the society. Get more updates about him on Disqus.

https://disqus.com/by/mahendratrivedi/