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The lower vapor pressure of the solution relative to the pure liquid also affects the freezing point of the solution. When a solution is frozen, the usual is that crystals of pure solvent are separated; solute molecules are usually not soluble in the solid phase of the solvent, when partially freezing aqueous solutions, the solid that separates is almost always pure ice. Consequently, the freezing point of a solution is the temperature at which the first crystals of pure solvent begin to form in equilibrium with the solution. Since the triple point temperature of the solution is lower than that of the pure liquid, the freezing point of the solution is also lower than that of the pure liquid.

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The addition of a non-volatile solution will reduce the vapor pressure of the solution, therefore a higher temperature is required to achieve a vapor pressure equal to that of the pure solvent, so the boiling point of the solution is more higher than that of pure liquid.

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The chemical potential value of the solvent indicates the tendency to pass molecules from the condensed phase to the gas phase. If a non-volatile solution is added, the pressure of the solution is lower than that of the pure solvent.

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They are those properties of a solution that depend only on the molar concentration, that is, on the amount of solute particles per kilogram of solvent, and not on the nature or type of solute. They are closely related to the vapor pressure, which is the pressure exerted by the vapor phase on the liquid phase, when the liquid is in a closed container.

The vapor pressure depends on the solvent and the temperature at which it is measured (the higher the temperature, the higher the vapor pressure). It is measured when the system reaches dynamic equilibrium, that is, when the number of vapor molecules that return to the liquid phase is equal to the molecules that are transformed into vapor.

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It is all chemical process in which one or more substances (called reactants), by effect of an energy factor, are transformed into other substances called products. These substances can be elements or compounds. An example of a chemical reaction is the formation of iron oxide produced by the reaction of oxygen in the air with iron. The symbolic representation of reactions is called chemical equations.

The products obtained from certain types of reagents depend on the conditions under which the chemical reaction occurs. However, after a careful study it is verified that, although the products can vary as the conditions change, certain quantities remain constant in any chemical reaction. These constant quantities, the conserved magnitudes, include the number of each type of atom present, the electric charge and the total mass.

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Chemistry has come to solve the mystery of the atom and today has methods to release the enormous reserves of energy within it, but we know nothing about the chemical forces that distinguish living matter from non-living. So, for example, how does the green leaf use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into food? And by what mechanism do the minimal traces of vitamins and hormones produce the surprising known effects in the human body?

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It consists of a set of facts derived from observations and experiments properly assembled, classified and interpreted that are considered proven. In other words, the law is nothing more than a hypothesis that has been demonstrated by the experiment. The law allows us to predict the development and evolution of any natural phenomenon.

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It is a hypothesis in which a large number of facts about the same phenomenon that intrigues us have been related. Some authors consider that the theory is nothing more than a hypothesis in which a greater number of facts are considered and in which the explanation we have forged is more likely to be positively verified.

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It is the explanation we give to the observed fact. Its usefulness is that it provides an interpretation of the facts available to us, an interpretation that must be put to the test by observations and subsequent experiments. Hypotheses should never be taken as true, because the same observed fact can be explained by numerous hypotheses.

The object of a good hypothesis is only to give us an explanation to stimulate us to do more experiments and observations.

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It consists in the verification or verification of the hypothesis. The experimentation determines the validity of the possible explanations that we have given and decides whether a hypothesis is accepted or discarded.

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Consists of the collection of facts about a problem or natural phenomenon that arouses our curiosity. The observations should be as clear and numerous as possible, because they should serve as the starting point for the solution.

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Observation

Hypothesis

Experimentation

Theory

Law

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The scientific method is perhaps one of the most useful or adequate, able to provide an answer to our questions. Responses that are not immediately obtained in a true, pure and complete way, without first having gone through the error. This means that the scientific method comes to us as a process, not as an act where one passes immediately from ignorance to the truth. This is perhaps the most useful or appropriate method, since it is the only one that possesses the characteristics and the capacity to self correct and overcome, but not the only one. Although it can also be said that it is the maximum conquest obtained by the intellect to decipher and order knowledge. Where you must follow the fundamental steps that have been developed through many generations and with the help of many wise men.

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The scientific method is an ordered series of procedures that scientific research uses to observe the extension of our knowledge. We can conceive the scientific method as a structure, a framework formed by coherently concatenated rules and principles.

Perhaps one of the most useful or adequate, able to provide us with answers to our questions. Responses that are not immediately obtained in a true, pure and complete way, without first having gone through the error. This means that the scientific method comes to us as a process, not as an act where one passes immediately from ignorance to the truth.