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The effects of a tsunami on a coastline can range from unnoticeable to devastating.

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Q:

What Are Some Key Facts About the 2011 Tsunami in Japan?

A:

The 2011 tsunami in Japan resulted from an earthquake off the coast of Honshu, Japan, that measured 9.0 on the Richter scale, making it the fourth-stronges

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In the event of a tsunami occurring, a person should get as far away as possible from oceans and other bodies of water, Canadian natural emergency resource Get Prepared cautions. Find a safe place away from the tsunami and wait until it's over. Sometimes it may seem like a tsunami has stopped, but the waves can keep traveling for hours in some cases. Therefore, instead of making a judgment call, let authorities in the area determine when people can return back to their homes and only do so then.

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The most terrible and immediate human aftermath of a tsunami is loss of life. Tsunamis claimed more 255,000 lives between 1900 and 2009, including the tsunami that originated off Sumatra on December 26, 2004, which killed more than 225,000 people. Tsunamis also destroy vast tracts of infrastructure and property. Loss of life and material is caused by the initial impact of the tsunami wave itself, followed by rapid receding of the water that carries people and debris with it.

Tsunamis continue to affect people after the waters have receded. Tsunamis can overwhelm sewage systems, destroy structures and leave decaying bodies in their wake, leading to long-term health problems related to contaminated water, exposure and increased spread of disease. Psychological damage can also linger; the World Health Organization found that Sri Lankan survivors of the 2004 tsunami suffered from post-traumatic stress disorder two years after the event.

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Tsunamis cannot travel far in very deep water, but if they happen to slow down, they can still be destructive. In fact, their size can actually increase at this point, BOM notes. Homes can be destroyed, trees and other vegetation can be uprooted and beaches can be severely damaged. Buildings that do survive the storm are likely to be extremely waterlogged and flooded.

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Tsunamis are among the most devastating natural disasters on Earth. The human cost is staggering; since 1850, an estimated 420,000 people have been killed by the enormous waves. Tsunamis decimate the economy and ecology of the areas they strike; they have inflicted untold damage upon coastal property, communities and habitats. Tsunamis and the earthquakes that generate them have immediate aftereffects and long-term ramifications for the inundated areas.

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Many buildings have been rebuilt and many survivors have gotten over the shock of the Earthquake. Not many people even remember that happened, ignoring the fact that it almost destroyed the entire state/country/hemisphere/world.

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Tsunamis can decimate ecosystems on land and in the sea. On land, animals are killed and plants uprooted. Inundation of salt water can promote inland invasion of salt-tolerant plants, such as grasses and mangroves, and loss of soil fertility in coastal farmland. Tsunamis also transport huge amounts of sand, creating fields of underwater dunes and reshaping beaches. The waves’ power can tear up even rocky seabeds; after the tsunami that struck Japan March 11, 2011, Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute found that large rocks had been overturned and pummeled along the coast, destroying whole communities of sea urchins and abalone, both vital fishery resources. Tsunamis also endanger the local environment through transportation of man-made waste, including building materials; spread of toxic substances, such as asbestos and oil; and release of radiation from damaged nuclear facilities.

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450,000 people were made homeless by the powerful earthquake and massive tsunami that devastated Japan in March.

Five months on many people are still living in shelters and temporary accommodation.

Affected residents admit that they "must endure" the hard times ahead.

In part two of our series, BBC Breakfast's Jenny Hill returned to Japan to see how the country has been coping after the disaster.

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 An earthquake occurs when a large area of the Earth's crust suddenly moves. When this happens underwater, big gaps may appear on the ocean floor. When water moves in to fill this gap, a tsunami is born.

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 An earthquake occurs when a large area of the Earth's crust suddenly moves. When this happens underwater, big gaps may appear on the ocean floor. When water moves in to fill this gap, a tsunami is born.

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by cohen

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During a tsunami people try to evacuate and stay safe as possible.Consequently, as the tsunami's speed diminishes as it travels into shallower water, its height grows. Due to this shoaling effect, a tsunami at sea, may grow to be several meters or more in height near the coast.

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Tsunamis are among the most devastating natural disasters on Earth. The human cost is staggering; since 1850, an estimated 420,000 people have been killed by the enormous waves. Tsunamis decimate the economy and ecology of the areas they strike; they have inflicted untold damage upon coastal property, communities and habitats. Tsunamis and the earthquakes that generate them have immediate aftereffects and long-term ramifications for the inundated areas.

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A lot of the destruction caused by the tsunami is repaired. Very little people are still trying to help the damage, but most of the survivors just want to forget what happened.