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a model of change used in urban ecology to represent the effects of immigration on the social structure of an urban area.

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the fundemental facilities and systems serving a country, city, or area, such as transportation and communication systems, power plants, and schools

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the use of vacant land and property within a built-up area for further construction or development

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a center of population, commerce, and culture that is native to a country

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the area surrounding a central place, from which people are attracted to use the place's goods and services

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made up of thousands of high tech businesses and industries

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a city with a population of more then 1 million.

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the social differences between men and women

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serves as a link between one country or region and others because of its physical situation.

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a landscape of cultural festivities

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a household in which the most powerful person is a female

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how the workforce is divided up between the three main employment sectors - primary, secondary, and tertiary

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city currently without much population but increasing in size at a fast rate

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a communitities collection of basic industries

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cities of the ancient world

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the process of dispersing desicion-making closer to the point of service or action

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the fifth ring in the concentric zone model that is beyond the continuous built-up area of the city

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compared to older cities , colonial cities typically contain wider streets and public squares, lager houses, surrounded by gardens, and much lower density

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created the central place theory which displayed the ideas that central places would provide services and goods to the surrounding areas

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Is the process by which the activities of an organization

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An area delineated by the U.S. Bureau of the Census for which statistics are published

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another name for squatter settlements that are residential developments that take place on land that is neither owned nor is rented by its occupants.

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a large and densely populated urban area

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the study of the physical form and structure of urban places.

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a city that ranks first in a nation in terms of population and economy

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Centers of economic, culture, and political activity that are strongly interconnected and together control the global systems of finance and commerce.

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Restricted neighborhoods or subdivisions, often literally fenced in, where entry is limited to residents and their guests. Although predominantly high-income based, in North America gated communities are increasingly a middle-class phenomenon.

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Outlined by a group of architects, urban planners, and developers from over 20 countries, an urban design that calls for development, urban revitalization, and suburban reforms that create walkable neighborhoods with a diversity of housing and jobs.

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the restoration of run-down urban areas by the middle class (resulting in the displacement of lower-income people)

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The transformation of an area of a city into an area attractive to residents and tourists alike in terms of economic activity.

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Illegal practice of refusing to make mortgage loans or issue insurance policies in specific areas for reasons other than economic qualifications of applicants

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cities that are located on the on the outskirts of larger cities and serve many of the same functions of urban areas, but in a sprawling, decentralized suburban environment.

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A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are spatially arranged in a series of rings.

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The downtown or nucleus of a city where retail stores, offices, and cultural activities are concentrated; building densities are usually quite high; and transportation systems converge.

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a portion of a city in which members of a minority group live; especially because of social, legal or economic pressure

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a neighborhood which retains some cultural distinction from a larger, surrounding area.

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a process by which real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their houses at low prices because of fear that black families will soon move into the neighborhood

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A trading post where merchandise can be imported and exported without paying import duties.

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Process by which companies move industrial jobs to other regions with cheaper labor, leaving the other region to switch to a service economy and to work through a period of high unemployment.

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Geographical economic theory that refers to how the price and demand on real estate changes as the distance towards the Central Business District (CBD) increases.

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Phenomenon of economic activity congregating in or close to a single location, rather than being spread out uniformly over space.