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https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/bladder-cancer/introduction
https://www.texasoncology.com/types-of-cancer/bladder-cancer/stage-0-bladder-cancer
https://www.google.com.tr/search?q=transitional+epithelium&rlz=1C1NHXL_trTR720TR720&oq=transitional+ep&aqs=chrome.0.0j69i57j0l4.10116j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
microsatellite instability

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cytoscopy + histology

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56 year-old female (age risk)

the recommended age to start yearly cancer screening for women is 50-64 years particularly breast cancer, cervical cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer screening tests. bladder cancer screening is not common.

no family history of hematuria

smokes 1pack/day (20pack/year)
Has been working at a Dye factoy for the last 20 years

Article 1

Article 2

Article 3

Gross Hematuria
no pathological findings
no biochemical/microbiological findings
any general medication?
physical exam results?
no fever or inflammation

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Tests:

urinary cytology

cytourethroscopy

upper urinary tract imaging

Results:
lesions in bladder
TCC in biopsies 4/10

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Transitional Cell Carcinoma

epithelial cell from urinary tract/bladder

TCC markers:

predisposition in patients w/ abberations in p21, p53, over expression of EGFR and Her2, microsattelite and chr 9 instability

?primary or secondary
?could non-TCC 6/10 cells be in situ carcinoma
TCC TNM staging

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lymph nodes, bones, lungs, liver, and peritoneum are the most common sites of metastasis from bladder cancer. The lymph nodes are the most common site of metastasis from bladder cancer.

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since the detected cells are TCC cells the cancer could have only metastasized from nearby transitional cells  from the ureter, kidney or bladder

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smoking
factory dyes

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What is TCC?

What are the types of bladder cancers?

How can we differentiate TCC from others?

What is the histology and phsiyology of bladder?

What are the mechanisms of TCC and what are the criteria for diagnosis of TCC (macro/micro)

How do occupational risk factors cause bladder cancer?

Smokers bladder cancer risk and why bladder?

What is the standard protocol on diagnosing TCC, why 10 biopsies?

How is that smoking and factory dyes cause bladder cancer? how are chemicals from smoking or dye initiate the cancer? How are they metabolized in body before they reach the bladder?

How are the chemicals carcinogenic? are they directly carcinogenic or the metabolites derived from the liver carcinogenic?

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bladder cancer

bladder cancer occurence age range is 38-79, w/ mean of 56.5

although statistically low chance, bladder cancer has occured among workers at dye factories

urine infection  x
kidney stones   x
menstrual history
genital system infection x
glomerulo nefrit x
liver problems x
hemolytic anemia x
kidney trauma x
medication side effects?
endometriosis
ovarian cancer