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The location is Woburn. The year was 1982. the wells that supplied both toxic drinking water and a legacy of cancer to Woburn remain contaminated despite a $21 million cleanup effort. Chemical pollution. During the mid to late 1970s, the local community became concerned over the high incidence of childhood leukemia and other illnesses, particularly in the Pine Street area of east Woburn. After high levels of chemical contamination were found in City of Woburn’s Wells G and H in 1979, some members of the community suspected that the unusually high incidence of leukemia, cancer, and a wide variety of other health problems were linked to the possible exposure to volatile organic chemicals in the groundwater pumped from wells G and H. It was a non point source . And no one, not even the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency which monitors the site as part of the federal Superfund program, knows whether humans are still being exposed to its witch’s brew of chemicals, federal records show.

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The location of this is New York. The date is between the years 1947- 1977. General Electric polluted the Hudson River by dispensing PCBs), causing a range of harmful effects to wildlife and people who eat fish from the river or drink the water. Chemical pollution.Numerous factories that once lined the Hudson River poured garbage and industrial waste directly into the river. These factories produced transformers, capacitors, and electric motors, which used PCBs as dielectric and coolant fluid. Point source . The PCBs caused extensive contamination of fish in the river and apparently triggered a rapid evolutionary change in the Atlantic tomcod. PCB contamination in humans may come from drinking the contaminated water, absorption through the skin, eating contaminated aquatic life, and/or inhaling volatilized PCBs. In 1966, Pete Seeger and Toshi Seeger founded Hudson River Sloop Clearwater, an environmental education organization and an actual boat (a sloop), that promotes awareness of the river and its history. PCBs are thought to be responsible for health issues that include neurological disorders, lower IQ and poor short-term memory (active memory), hormonal disruption, suppressed immune system.

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The location was the mouth of the Mississippi River. The dead zone is caused by nutrient enrichment from the Mississippi River, particularly nitrogen and phosphorous. Chemical pollution.increased nitrogen and phosphorus input, algae growth is no longer limited. Consequently, algal blooms develop, the food chain is altered, and dissolved oxygen in the area is depleted. non point source . Nutrient overloading and algal blooms lead to eutrophication (link to USGS definition), which has been shown to reduce benthic (link to definition) biomass and biodiversity. Hypoxic water supports fewer organisms and has been linked to massive fish kills in the Black Sea and Gulf of Mexico.Consequently, if the hypoxic zone continues or worsens, fishermen and coastal state economies will be greatly impacted. Some of the precautions are : Using fewer fertilizers and adjusting the timing of fertilizer applications to limit runoff of excess nutrients from farmland, Control of animal wastes so that they are not allowed to enter into waterways.

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Coal ash pound drinking water contamination 

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Coal ash pound drinking water contamination 

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The location was North Carolina. The year was 2015. North Carolina became the site of the second largest coal ash spill in US history when a stormwater pipe under coal ash impoundments at Duke Energy’s retired Dan River plant ruptured. The Dan River was fouled by an estimated 140,000 tons of coal ash and contaminated wastewater, spurring significant public outcry and uncovering questionable practices on the part of Duke Energy and the NC Department of Environmental Quality. Chemical pollution. Point source. Families living near many of Duke’s unlined coal ash impoundments began receiving notices that their private wells may be unsafe to drink in April 2015. The Southern Environmental Law Center created a story map to show the spatial relationship between Duke’s impoundments and the wells of concern and the test results for these wells.a new bill that could allow Duke to escape requirements to properly clean up its ash if it supplies residents living near coal ash ponds with clean drinking water by 2018.

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The location is Wisconsin. The date is the year 1993. It was a significant distribution of the Cryptosporidium protozoan in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and the largest waterborne disease outbreak in documented United States history.The Howard Avenue Water Purification Plant was contaminated, and treated water showed turbidity levels well above normal. Water pollution.  It was also thought that melting ice and snowmelt carrying Cryptosporidium may have entered the water treatment plants through Lake Michiga the CDC showed that this outbreak was caused by Cryptosporidium oocysts that passed through the filtration system of one of the city's water-treatment plants, arising from a sewage treatment plant's outlet 2 miles upstream in Lake Michigan. The initial study estimated that 403,000 residents of the five-county area around Milwaukee had watery diarrhea attributed to the outbreak.The official outbreak-related attributable mortality was 69 deaths, of which 93 percent occurred in persons with AIDS.

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Location was West Virginia. The date was the year 2014. when crude 4-methylcyclohexanemethanol was released from a Freedom Industries facility into the Elk River.Freedom Industries was allowed to store toxic chemicals in substandard facilities. The causes of this were: Their facilities had not been inspected since 1991, Chemical pollution. Point source.  The chemical spill occurred upstream from the principal West Virginia American Water intake and treatment and distribution center. Following the spill, up to 300,000 residents within nine counties in the Charleston, West Virginia metropolitan area were without access to potable water.But the effects of the spill continued as citizens continued to report strange smells and sediment in their water supply, and cancelled travel caused lingering economic damage long after the water supply was declared safe.

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Location was Woburn. The date was 1982. the wells that supplied both toxic drinking water and a legacy of cancer to Woburn remain contaminated despite a $21 million cleanup effort. Chemical pollution. During the mid to late 1970s, the local community became concerned over the high incidence of childhood leukemia and other illnesses, particularly in the Pine Street area of east Woburn. After high levels of chemical contamination were found in City of Woburn’s Wells G and H in 1979, some members of the community suspected that the unusually high incidence of leukemia, cancer, and a wide variety of other health problems were linked to the possible exposure to volatile organic chemicals in the groundwater pumped from wells G and H. It was a non point source. And no one, not even the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency which monitors the site as part of the federal Superfund program, knows whether humans are still being exposed to its witch’s brew of chemicals, federal records show.

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Pacific Gas and electric chromium contamination 

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Pacific Gas and electric chromium contamination 

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They location was Hinckley, CA. The date was between 1952-1966. refers to Pacific Gas and Electric Company dumping "roughly 370 million gallons" of chromium-tainted wastewater" into unlined wastewater spreading ponds around the town of Hinkley, California. Natural gas pollution. It is a point source. Just north of California State Highway 58, the residents continue to face concerns over chromium-6 in their well water from the world's largest plume of this cancer-causing chemical.By 2013 PG&E had spent over $750 million on remediation. Ongoing cleanup documentation is maintained at the California Environmental Protection Agency. This led to groundwater pollution, affecting soil and contaminating water wells near the compressor station, with a plume.

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It happened in the Niagara Falls, NY. The date was between the years 1978-2004. It is a Chemical pollution.Love felt that by digging a short canal between the upper and lower Niagara Rivers, power could be generated cheaply to fuel the industry and homes of his would-be model city.The canal was turned into a municipal and industrial chemical dumpsite. Army began burying waste from chemical warfare experiments. Source point. Scientists were brought in and were able to determine that the chemicals dumped seeped into basements and the air and were responsible for the ill health of the residents. Over 800 families relocated and the Environmental Protection Agency sued Hooker's parent company then Occidental Petroleum, for $129 million.The clean-up site was the flagship of the Superfund program. The Environmental Protection Agency cleaned up 21 tons of toxic chemicals on the 16 acre site.

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The location was Silverado. The date was in the year 2015. The 2015 Gold King Mine waste water spill was an environmental disaster that began at the Gold King Mine near Silverton, Colorado,when EPA personnel, along with workers for Environmental Restoration LLC caused the release of toxic waste water into the Animas River watershed. It is a point source. The Animas River was closed to recreation until August 14. During the closure, county officials warned river visitors to stay out of the water. People living along the Animas and San Juan rivers were advised to have their water tested before using it for cooking, drinking, or bathing. The spill was expected to cause major problems for farmers and ranchers who rely on the rivers for their livelihoods.The long-term impacts of the spill are unknown, as sedimentation is expected to dilute the pollutants as the spill cloud moves downstream. The acid mine drainage temporarily changed the color of the river to orange.

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The location was North Carolina. It happened between the years 1953-1980. From the 1950s through the 1980s, people living or working at the U.S. Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune in North Carolina, were potentially exposed to drinking water contaminated with industrial solvents, benzene, and other chemicals.It is estimated that the contaminants were in the water supply from the mid-1950’s until February 1985 when the wells were shut down. It is a non point source. There is evidence of an association between certain diseases and the contaminants found in the water supply at Camp Lejeune during the period of contamination. Long term effects: all the veterans and their families that serves during that period of time there were repayed with the necessary medical care.Marine officials shut down one of the contaminated wells in November 1984 and the rest in early 1985. The Marines notified North Carolina of the contamination in December 1984.

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The location was Alaska. The date was march 24, 1989. It ouccred when Exxon Valdez, an oil tanker owned by Exxon Shipping Company struck Prince William Sound's Bligh Reef and spilled 10.8 million US gallons of crude oil. It is considered to be one of the most devastating human-caused environmental disasters. The cause was the Grounding of the Exxon Valdez oil tanker. It is a Point source. OR&R was among the many local, state, federal, and private agencies and groups to provide immediate operational and scientific support during the cleanup phases. The Exxon Valdez oil spill injured 28 types of animals, plants, and marine habitats in Alaska's Prince William Sound. Long term recovery: it took 25 years From 1990 through 2000, OR&R biologists conducted a long-term ecological study to monitor the intertidal shorelines of Prince William Sound, Alaska, affected by the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill.

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It occurred in the Gulf of Mexico. The date was 20 April- 19 September 2010. It was an Industrial disaster. It is considered the largest marine il spill in the history of the petroleum industry. The cause was the wellhead blowout. It was a point source. Environmental concern over the massive amount of oil and natural gas released into the Gulf’s waters from the spill has largely focused on the health of marine life, destruction of coastal ecosystems, and the impact on the fishing and tourism economies in the Gulf region and also air quality. Long term effects: layers of ozone over the Gulf of Mexico. Cleanup crews dumped some 1.8 million gallons of chemical dispersants into the Gulf of Mexico in order to fix was was damaged.