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Hi everyone! Your findings should address the following:
1. Group of drugs
2. Generic name of drug and form
3. Brand/Commercial name of drug
4. Mode of action/Target
5. Common side effect - Oral and systemic (refer Diagram: aetiology & contributing factors to Periodontal Disease)
6. Drug interaction particularly on those relevant to Dentistry and Periodontics

- and don't forget to sign off with your group's name. Happy searching & lets share the knowledge!
Best wishes,
Dr Shahida

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Immunosuppressant drugs in periodontal disease can be divided into indirect and direct effects.

Under indirect effect, Cyclosporine can cause gingival overgrowth which will complicate complete plaque removal. Azathioprine and Prednisolone can reduce inflammatory responses of periodontal tissue to bacterial plaque.

Whereas for direct effects, Cyclosporine will increase collagen production, whereby fibroblasts are exposed to interleukin-1 and 6, reducing production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and increase production of MMP enzyme inhibitors. The function of MMP is for extracellular matrix formation, hence reduction in MMP will directly lead to alveolar bone destruction and affect rate of bone healing.

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Immunosuppressant drugs in periodontal disease can be divided into indirect and direct effects.

Under indirect effect, Cyclosporine can cause gingival overgrowth which will complicate complete plaque removal. Azathioprine and Prednisolone can reduce inflammatory responses of periodontal tissue to bacterial plaque.

Whereas for direct effects, Cyclosporine will increase collagen production, whereby fibroblasts are exposed to interleukin-1 and 6, reducing production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and increase production of MMP enzyme inhibitors. The function of MMP is for extracellular matrix formation, hence reduction in MMP will directly lead to alveolar bone destruction and affect rate of bone healing.

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Hormone modulator:

Hormonal modulator is a substance which regulates the hormonal status of the body. The function of the whole body relies on precise networking between the CNS (central nervous system) and hormones.

Example of drug:

-  Oral contraceptive (estrogen receptor negative (ER−) modulator)

Brand name : Ortho-Cept

-  Tamoxifen (selective androgen receptor modulator)

Brand name: Nolvadex

-  Mifepristone (progesterone receptor modulator)

Brand name: Mifeprex
Effects of Estrogen on the Periodontal Tissues

•           Decreases keratinization while increasing epithelial glycogen that results in the diminution in the effectiveness of the epithelial barrier

•           Increases cellular proliferation in blood vessels

•           Stimulates PMNL phagocytosis

•           Inhibits PMNL chemotaxis

•           Suppress leukocyte production from the bone marrow

•           Inhibits proinflammatory cytokins released by human marrow cells

•           Reduces T-cell mediated inflammation

•           Stimulates the proliferation of the gingival fibroblasts

•           Stimulates the synthesis and maturation of gingival connective tissues

•           Increases the amount of gingival inflammation with no increase of plaque.

Effects of Progesterone on the Periodontal Tissues

•           Increases vascular dilatation, thus increases permeability

•           Increases the production of prostaglandins

•           Increases PMNL and prostaglandin E2 in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF)

•          Reduces glucocorticoid anti-inflammatory effect

•           Inhibits collagen and noncollagen synthesis in PDL fibroblast

•           Inhibits proliferation of human gingival fibroblast proliferation

•           Alters rate and pattern of collagen production in gingiva resulting in reduced repair and maintenance potential

•           Increases the metabolic breakdown of folate which is necessary for tissue maintenance and repair.

Effects of Androgens on the Periodontal Tissues

•           Inhibit prostaglandin secretion

•           Enhance osteoblast proliferation and differentiation

•           Reduce IL-6 production during inflammation

•           Enhance matrix synthesis by periodontal ligament fibroblasts and osteoblasts.

References:

http://www.jaypeejournals.com/eJournals/ShowText.aspx?ID=3822&Type=FREE&TYP=TOP&IN=_eJournals/images/JPLOGO.gif&IID=298&isPDF=YES

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In conclusion, there is bidrectional relationship of glycaemic control and periodontal health.

However, there is no reference that we could identify currently that link effect glycaemic control drug to periodontal health

Articles:
a)https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23997922
b)http://www.touchendocrinology.com/sites/www.touchendocrinology.com/files/sima.pdf

However, we would try to update in 1 week time

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Group of drugs :
1. SerotoniSerotonin Reuptakeor ( SSRI )
2. Atypical antidepressant
3. Trycyclic Antidepressant

Generic Name of drugs :
1. SSRI- sertraline, fluoxetine, paroxetine
2. Atypical -
3. Trycyclic - clomipramine, desipramine, Paxil

Brand Name of drugs
1. SSRI- Zoloft, Prozac, Paxil
2. Atypical -
3. Trycyclic - Anafranil, Norpramin , Tofranil