# data[].attributes.body
Archaic and classical music was transmitted orally with its words. We shall find, flourishing in Athens of the fifth century B.c., a genuine classical tradition-that is, the perpetual competition of new music with recollected models and standards. The supreme document of this tradition is The Frogs of Aristophanes, produced in 405 B.C.

# data[].attributes.body
In music, serialism is a method of composition using series of pitches, rhythms, dynamics, timbres or other musical elements.

It repeats, most often in the lower vocal or instrumental parts of a composition

The music of any serial composer is likely to differ greatly from that of any other serial composer, because serialism is a method or technique of composing that specifies by itself little about the total sound and style of a piece of music.

# data[].attributes.body
The Romantic period was one of the most innovative in music history, characterised by lyrical melodies, rich harmonies, and emotive expression
Music often had a 'programme' or story-line attached to it. Program music or programme music is a type of art music that attempts to musically render an extra-musical narrative. The narrative itself might be offered to the audience in the form of program notes, inviting imaginative correlations with the music. A classic example is Hector Berlioz's Symphonie fantastique, which relates a drug-induced series of morbid fantasies concerning the unrequited love of a sensitive poet involving murder, execution, and the torments of Hell.

# data[].attributes.body
Instrumental composition to the present day: sonata form. With it came the development of the modern concerto, symphony, sonata, trio and quartet to a new peak of structural and expressive refinement.

Portraits of the two composers with Haydn on the left, Mozart on the right

# data[].attributes.body
The idea of the modern orchestra was born, along with opera. On a purely domestic level, every wealthy lady would have a spinet to play.

Of the many 17th century composers who paved the way for this popular explosion of 'classical' music, the following were outstanding: Monteverdi, Corelli, Alessandro Scarlatti, Schutz, Buxtehude,Purcell and Lully. Yet, the most popular composers of the period, indeed those who seem to define by their very names the sound of Baroque music at its most colourful and sophisticated are Johann Sebastian Bach, Handel, Telemann, Rameau, François Couperin, Domenico Scarlatti, and Vivaldi, all of them at their creative peak during the first half of the 18th century.

Georg Friedrich Händel

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.naxos.com/education/brief_history.asp

https://www.gramophone.co.uk/feature/top-10-romantic-composers

http://www2.nau.edu/tas3/handel.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20110728124424/http://www.gore-ljudje.net/novosti/39105/

https://rapsterav.wordpress.com/2015/03/24/prehisoric-music/

http://www.chicagochorale.org/palestrina-savior-music/

https://www.britannica.com/art/serialism

https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Boulez

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pope-Marcellus-Mass

https://www.infoplease.com/arts-entertainment/music/music-timeline

http://www.chicagochorale.org/palestrina-savior-music/

https://www.theguardian.com/music/2002/aug/05/classicalmusicandopera.artsfeatures

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castrato

http://liblamp.uwm.edu/omeka/SPC2/exhibits/show/classictext/aristophanes/frogs

http://www.kholopov.ru/arc/henderson-agm-nohm1.pdf

http://www.faenumpublishing.com/uploads/2/3/9/8/23987979/aristophanes_frogs_-_a_dual_language_edition.pdf

https://web2.mlp.cz/koweb/00/04/24/14/73/music_its_language_history_and_culture.pdf

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_chant

http://www.saintmeinrad.edu/the-monastery/liturgical-music/history-of-chant/

# data[].attributes.body
St. Paul's dictum prohibited women from singing on stage and in churches

Pius X re-emphasised this prohibition

# data[].attributes.headline
1562 - Palestrina: The “Savior of Music”?

# data[].attributes.subject
1562 - Palestrina: The “Savior of Music”?

# data[].attributes.body
Giovanni Da Palestrina satisfies the pope's rigid requirements and creates a new spiritual style that legend says “saved polyphony” when he writes Pope Marcellus Mass, his most famous and enchanting piece.

# data[].attributes.body
Roman Catholic Church
"polyphonic music"

# data[].attributes.body
The ancient Egyptians credited one of their gods Thoth with the invention of music.

# data[].attributes.headline
Prehistoric musical instruments (40,000 - 20,000 years)

# data[].attributes.subject
Prehistoric musical instruments (40,000 - 20,000 years)

# data[].attributes.body
Bone flutes and pipes