# data[].attributes.body
·A systematic review by Castells et al15 suggests that methylphenidate is significantly more efficacious than placebo in reducing ADHD symptoms with a moderately large effect size (SMD 0.49, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.64) in the short term.

# data[].attributes.body
·We identified a total of 40 papers. Psychostimulants—such as methylphenidate, dexamphetamine, mixed amphetamine salts and lisdexamfetamine—and non-psychostimulants—such as atomoxetine—were the most studied agents.

# data[].attributes.body
·In terms of non-pharmacological interventions, a series of recent meta-analyses from the European ADHD Guidelines Group (EAGG)8 failed to find solid empirical support for their efficacy for ADHD core symptoms. However, the EAGG concluded that non-pharmacological treatments might still be valuable for the treatment of comorbid conditions such as oppositional-defiant and emotional problems.

# data[].attributes.body
We believe this review is trustworthy as it has clearly referenced reliable sources. However, this information was recorded in 2017 and some unreliable websites were evident.

# data[].attributes.body
·Although, initially ADHD was considered as only a disorder of childhood, in the last few years it has been possible to definitely validate ADHD in adulthood.4

# data[].attributes.body
·Pharmacological treatment may be considered as the first choice and methylphenidate the first-line option (for the number of studies and participants collected).

# data[].attributes.headline
How is this used in effective practice? 

# data[].attributes.subject
How is this used in effective practice? 

# data[].attributes.body
· Different countries can have licensed different medications and regulations may change between children/adolescents and adults. Extended-release clonidine and extended-release guanfacine have been approved by the FDA for the treatment of ADHD, but not specifically for adults.

# data[].attributes.body
·Non-pharmacological treatments can be used as add-on to pharmacological treatment, but while we have evidence of efficacy in children and adolescents, we do not have any evidence of efficacy of multimodal treatments in adults.

# data[].attributes.headline
How is this used in effective practice? 

# data[].attributes.subject
How is this used in effective practice? 

# data[].attributes.body
·North American practice parameters9 suggesting medication as first choice, and the European guidelines recommending a pharmacological

# data[].attributes.body
· In a meta-analysis on 2665 adults with ADHD, the use of psychostimulants was significantly correlated with a mean increase in resting heart rate of 5.7 bpm and an increased systolic blood pressure of mean 2 mm Hg.3

# data[].attributes.body
Psychostimulants are the most commonly researched medications for ADHD in children, adolescents and adults.

# data[].attributes.body
When diagnosing a person with ADHD there must be at least one adult informant to indicate how that individual functions on a daily basis.

# data[].attributes.headline
How is this used in effective practice? 

# data[].attributes.subject
How is this used in effective practice? 

# data[].attributes.body
· A systematic review by Castells et al15 suggests that methylphenidate is significantly more efficacious than placebo in reducing ADHD symptoms with a moderately large effect size (SMD 0.49, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.64) in the short term.

# data[].attributes.body
The aim of this paper is to perform a review of the literature focusing on recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses relevant to the pharmacological and nom pharmacological treatment of adult ADHD, in order to assist clinicians in daily decision-making.

# data[].attributes.body
· Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neuropsychiatric conditions,1 with a pooled worldwide prevalence estimated at about 5% in school-aged children and persistence of impairing symptoms in adulthood in up to 65% of cases

# data[].attributes.body
ADHD = Attention-deficient/hyperactivity disorder.

# data[].attributes.body
All pharmalogical solutions studied prove more effective that placebo effect.

# data[].attributes.body
Atomoxetine is a non-psychostimulant pharmacological treatment. It has been found to be the superior to placebo.