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Pg 84 (source 27): Before the days of the toilet bowl and sewer system, people used to excrete in buckets, which were cleared daily by the night-soil carriers, c. late 19th century. (Probably Chinese, Malay or Indians, according to picture)

Pg 89 (source 36): There were the Bengalis, Arabs, Europeans and Eurasians living around the Serangoon area. Back then, there were no Indian restaurants. The Malays would come in the mornings to sell Nasi Lemak and lontong. The Chinese opened pawnshops and provision shops, where you could get things like salted fish and charcoal.

Pg 99 (source 57): At that time most houses were built on a platform with stilts, raised above the earth. A house consisted of a master built on the ground without any staircase. So all in all, there were two types of Malay houses at that time. If we entered a house, we could find that things were almost the same in every house. For example, window curtains has similar patterns in almost every house.

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There used to be a departmental store called john little which everyone used to shop at.

- Nathania, Hui Wen

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Source 23: European style house and how it looked like in the past in the late 19th and early 20th century. Considered wealthy.
Britney Fong Ling Dora

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Source 1: Chinese labourers (coolies)
Source 6: Indian chettiars
Source 7: Malay food sellers
Source 16: European teacher

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The Alhambra Cinema that always had a crowd to watch movies
-Kristin, Javier

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opium dens for the chinese to smoke opium-meena and aasher

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prostitution for the chinese-meena and aasher

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horse racing, europeans malay and chinese-meena and aasher

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theatrical performances,  arabs- meena and aasher

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katong park for the eurasians to listen to the music played by a military band-meena

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sports like hockey and football for the eurasians-meena and aasher

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traditional malay opera, malays-meena and aasher

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general public, sports clubs for everyone but separated according to race -meena and aasher

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Europeans live in big houses at not crowded areas. The roads were wide and straight,houses built with same design with open porches,very tidy. It is unlike most of the houses in other communities
Zhile and Chloe

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Source 1, 7 and 8
1: Chinese labourers (coolies) loading and unloading goods at Singapore River
7: food sellers in the streets
8: picture of Chinese street Hawkers outside Telok Ayer Market

Thania, Laji, Medha :)

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Photo of South Boat Quay in 1910 where Chinese coolies can be seen loading and unloading goods from lighters anchored at the bank of the Singapore River
By Aasher and Meena

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Source 6: The chettiars
Source 12: Traders
Source 35: Shop owner of goat milk
Source 39: Stable boys
Source 41: Coolies
Source 40: rubber tappers

Thania, Medha, Laji

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cinema for all races-meena and aasher

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Page 94, Source 46
Malays brothels for prostitution around kampong Gelam Malay street.

Page 95 Source 48
Malay watch bangsawan(Malay traditionally opera)

Source 64
Europeans Play military band Swimming play Football fly kites etc
Source 38
European Malay Chinese horse racing
Source 32
Chinese gambling
source 17
Europeans
Dancing
Source 31
Chinese smoking opium
Source 19
The general public? Watching movie
Christi Jurae

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Source 57: Most malay houses were built on stilts, raised above the earth. Some were built on the ground without any staircases. They live on water and sometimes there is not enough land.
Britney Fong Ling Dora

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Source 14
Chinese had their Chinese Swimming club nd chinese recreation club
Nathania and Hui wen

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Europeans - teacher (source 16), plantation owners (source 22)
Indian - Some of the Indian community chettiers as there were very few banks and banks would not loan money(source 6), others as rubber tappers in rubber plantations ( source 40)
Malays - They sold food like laksa, nasi lemak and lontong in the streets (source 36 and 7)
Rachel, Hongman, Joshua

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The different races all had different jobs. The Europeans are in a higher level when it comes to employment.

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Source 1.1 : Chinese were lightermen.
Source 1 : There were also Chinese merchant trading at Boat Quay. These merchants traded textiles and local products such as tin, rubber, shark fins, sea cucumber and spices.
Source 7 : Some Chinese were also food sellers in the streets
Rachel Hongman joshua

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Source 14
Indians had the Indian association
Nathania and hui wen

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Source 16
The Asians’ common room was half the size of the common room of Europeans
Charmaine Inez

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malay had the kota raja club which is a sports club

- Nathania, Hui Wen

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Source 14
They formed their own Ceylon sports club
Nathania and hui wen

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The Chinese smoked opium
-Kristin, Javier

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Conclusion for Source 16: Common room was half the size of the common room of the Europeans. Europeans had more wealth and was therefore given more space for houses and asians were not as wealthy and couldn’t buy as much land for houses.
-FBD

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Race Course road where people would watch the horse races.
-Kristin, Javier

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In conclusion,
1. The toilet system was not very hygienic
2. You could not find Indian restaurants  but you can find Malay and Chinese shops
3. Most houses were similar and were stilt houses, built with Malay building structure.

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Indians:
1. Before the 1900s most of the lightermen were South Indians, but were replaced by Chinese( Hokkiens and Teochews ) after the 1900s
2. The Chulias, who were Tamil Muslims, owned hardware and textile shops.
Europeans:
1. The Europeans owned nutmeg, pepper and gambier plantations however since the plantations failed the turned it into a residential area
Chinese
1. Letter-Writers wrote for the families of illiterate people on their behalf
2. The different dialects of Chinese did different jobs such as commerce,industry, banking,trade, Hawkers
The Malays and Arabs
1. They were Traders under the Sultan’s control
2. Some Malays and arabs come to Singapore from the pilgrimage to settle their debts
3. They were also food sellers

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The different races had many different accomodations. The Europeans were wealthier thus they had more advantage compared to others and lived in better and bigger houses, living little space for the other races. Malay lived in stilts houses, the Chinese and Indian lived nearby.
-FBD

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We can conclude that back then, some leisure activities were limited to some races. The European were more exclusive to the leisure activities. However, all the different races can take part in all leisure activities now.
- Kristin, javier

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Each race had a different job but the Chinese had more job options as the majority of the population in Singapore is Chinese. Also, the Europeans did not contribute to society as much as the races as they had more money and authority over the other races. In conclusion, the all the races have contributed to the society but the amount of contributions are not equal.

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The activities are segregated by race generally. There are exceptions though.
Nathania and hui wen

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source 55
The Chinese merchants had opened shops and behind the shops were the kampongs where the Malays lived
the houses were so overcrowded to the extent that the passageways became narrow, when the window was opened, it would touch the neighbour’s house
the houses were closely built
charmaine inez

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Europeans generally had better living conditions than the chinese, malays and indians as they were wealthier
charmaine, inez

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Europeans live in bigger better houses,thus more hygienic ,compared to the other communities which their living conditions are much worst,house and roads so cramped up
Zhi Le and Chloe

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source 60:
They would get their drinking water stored in kerosene tins from a man who went around with push carts and bathed in well water. There were no street lights and electricity but they still had a cook, gardener and amah.
chloe koh n zhi le

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source 60
They stored drinking water in tins
They bathed with well water
there were no street lights
electricty was non existent until about 1932-1933
charmaine inez

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Firstly, we can tell the different living conditions the different races had through their forms of  leisure and entertainment.

Through the different kinds of leisure and entertainment that the different races had, we can see that the eurasians were more wealthy and the type of leisure and entertainment they had cost more eg.  movies, Cricket. Meanwhile the Chinese were poorer and engaged in activities that were cheap like smoking opium and prostitution, and were only occasionally allowed to watch horse races.

We can conclude that the immigrants who came to Singapore for work back then had not much cash and resorted to quick means while the people who have  settled down in Singapore currently have more forms of leisure and entertainment. Things have changed a lot  since then and it is still not too late to change, be like BOB! ;)

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The Europeans had somewhat control over Singapore and therefore had options to more jobs compared to Chinese, Malays and Indians.

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Europeans have mostly white-collar jobs and jobs with that require less physical labour, whereas Chinese and Indians’ jobs are mostly blue-collar and more physically exerting. They also had more diversity in jobs, as unlike the Europeans, they weren’t all rich, or born into money. Eg. poor Chinese/Indian more likely to become coolie and richer Chinese/Indian more likely to become a shop owner trader etc.

Thania, Medha, Laji

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Source 4:
The Europeans enjoyed playing sports in the past and these sports had equipment that was very available to them for use.
Aasher, Meena

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we are able to conclude that leisure and entertainment activities were often exclusive to each race especially the europeans. the europeans also had multiple options to choose from while the malays and indians had little to no options for leisure and entertainment. -meena and aasher :)