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Xia, Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han, Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing, Republic of China, People’s Republic of China

Tabs marked in red are before BC

Tabs marked in yellow are before the 20th century.

Tabs marked in blue are most recent, and lead up to present day.

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The Xia Dynasty is considered the first dynasty within ancient China. It is considered to be the beginning of China’s hereditary dynasty and was considered mythical by many historians by the relics they left behind.

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Around this time, the Shang Dynasty was formed. It is the earliest ruling dynasty in China to be established, and to this day still has many writing records!

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At around this time, the Zhou dynasty replaced the Shang dynasty as the dominant, opposing force across Northern china. Major philosophies and religions emerged from this ruling party, such as Confucianism and Taoism later along the line.

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The Qin Dynasty was the very first ruling party to unite China under an emperor rather than a ruling clan. This meant the beginning of China’s feudal era, though it wouldn’t last long; it was the shortest dynasty in China, lasting only 15 years.

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The Han Dynasty was one of the most powerful, prosperous and influential dynasties in China’s history. It is popularly known for starting the Silk Road trade, thereby connecting China with Central Asia and Europe.

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The Sui Dynasty was a short but important dynasty with great conquests and building projects such as the Grand Canal and the rebuilding of the Great Wall. One interesting achievement was the order of an imperial examination system to choose talented individuals for bureaucratic purposes.

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The Tang Dynasty was a ruling party who took over one of the most powerful countries in the world. At that time, its capital Chang’an used to be the largest city in the world. The second emperor of Tang, Li Shimin, kept the dynasty prosperous for 100 years!

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The Song Dynasty was a ruling party whose land saw high levels of growth in the economy, culture, education and scientific innovation. At this time, the shipbuilding industry was greatly developed and overseas trade was prosperous.

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The Yuan Dynasty was China’s very first foreign-led dynasty ruled by Mongolian tribes. Trade, technological development and China’s interaction with foreign countries continued, though. However, the Yuan had attempted to conquer Japan, Vietnam and Burma only to lead to failure.

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After ousting the Mongol Empire in China, founder Zhu Yuanzhang began the Ming Dynasty. For the remainder of the imperial era, the Forbidden City was built for the emperor. Coastal trade was developed, and fleets were sent on expeditions to trade with the west, sailing as far as Arabia.

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The Qing Dynasty was the last imperial dynasty in China’s history, ruled by the Manchu in the northeast. The two most famous emperors from this time were Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Qianlong, as their reigns were regarded as “a golden age of prosperity”.

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The Republican Revolution on 1911 was led by Sun Yat-sen and ended the rule of the Qing Dynasty. Unfortunately however, the Republic of China couldn’t be truly established across the country, with civil wars ensuing for decades on end.

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1949 - Present Day — People’s Republic of China

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1949 - Present Day — People’s Republic of China

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In 1949, the People’s Republic of China was founded. As the government opened into a Communist benchmark of stability with the Reform and Opening Up policy of 1978, they received phenomenal economic growth. This government is the most recent political entity to govern mainland China, preceding the thousands of years of dynasties and goes on to this day!