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Cotton is type of plant that is used to create fabric. The fashion business relies heavily on cotton as a fabric. Whether it's plain cotton, cotton that has been colored, or a mixture of cottons, every wardrobe undoubtedly has a sizable percentage of cotton products. The usage of cotton plants as a source of natural fiber dates back to the fifth millennium B.C. Since cotton is a staple fiber, which implies that is made up of many fibers of various lengths. The natural fibers of cotton plants, which belong to the genus Gossypium, are used to make cotton products. Cotton is a soft and fluffy substance mostly made of cellulose, an insoluble organic component essential to plant structure. The cotton plant requires plenty of sunlight, an extended period without frost, and a healthy amount of rain. The component of the cotton plant that grows in the boll—the covering for the fluffy cotton fibers—is referred to as "cotton" in this context. To make a soft, long-lasting fabric, cotton is spun into yarn, which is then weaved.

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Warm climates are ideal for the growth of cotton, which is mostly grown in the United States, Uzbekistan, the People's Republic of China, and India. Brazil, Pakistan, and Turkey are further major cotton-producing nations. Due to better land usage, improved plant types, mechanization, fertilization, and irrigation, cotton production is around two times greater than in 1950. Additionally, it is a result of considerably improved disease, weed, and insect control. The scientists conducting the research at experiment stations and laboratories, as well as the agricultural extension specialists who disseminate the findings, deserve a large portion of the credit for this advancement.

The most widely grown and lucrative non-food crop worldwide is cotton. More than 250 million people receive income from its manufacturing, which also employs over 7% of all workers in developing nations. Cotton makes up roughly 50% of all textiles.

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There are 8 phases in the cotton supply chain.

1. Production of raw cotton
2. Before selling the products to companies, the trader purchases raw cotton from several farmers and mixes all of the products into one.
4. Traders purchase spools of thread to be sold to mills. 3. Factories remove the seeds, clean the bolls, and spin the fibers into thread.
5. The fabric is created and dyed by mills.
6. The trader purchases the fabric to sell to manufacturers.
7. The manufacturers make the textiles and items for retailers.
8. The goods are displayed on the shelves of the retail store.
The people involved in this supply chain are the producers (farmers), mill factory workers and managers, manufacturers, retailers and consumers.

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Up to 100 million rural households, 90% of which are located in low-income nations, directly produce cotton in order to make a living. When household labor, agricultural labor, and workers in related industries like transportation, ginning, baling, and storage are taken into consideration, there are an estimated 350 million people employed in the cotton industry. The difficulties facing farmers range from the effects of climate change, low prices for seed cotton, to competition from growers in wealthy nations with generous subsidies, as well as unfavorable trade terms. Government subsidies for cotton growers in wealthy nations, especially the US, in particular, create a market with artificially low pricing in which small-scale farmers cannot compete.

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The goal of Fairtrade cotton is to draw attention to farmers who are frequently ignored, left in poverty, and at the end of a protracted and intricate cotton supply chain. Fairtrade aims to give these farmers a different path to trade and better, more secure incomes through tools like the Fairtrade Minimum Price, an additional Fairtrade Premium, and stronger, more democratic organizations. The Fairtrade Cotton Briefing gives a thorough overview of the cotton business and its difficulties while examining the need for and potential benefits of Fairtrade. Businesses that use Fairtrade Cotton can track the origin of their cotton and maintain transparency throughout their supply chains thanks to Fairtrade's assistance.

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The description of the SDG 4 is "Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all". Fairtrade cotton helps achieve this goal by ensuring farmers' families have enough money for quality education.

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The description of the SDG 8 is "Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all". This supports the SDG because the Fairtrade organization helps farmers claim a fairer stake in the supply chain.

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The description of the SDG 10 is "Reduce inequality within and among countries". Fairtrade helps to achieve this goal because farmers working for Fairtrade get more money for how much they work (compared to non-Fairtrade workers who receive much less profit for the amount of work they do).

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What are other companies doing to help meet the SDGs?

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What are other companies doing to help meet the SDGs?

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LEGO:
The Lego company supports play in class's transformative impact and its use in early childhood development and education around the world. They achieve this through offering their well-known bricks, encouraging play in the classroom, and supporting other global education partnerships and programs, all of which support SDG 4: Ensuring quality education and lifelong learning for all.

A significant portion of our objective involves inspiring and involving kids in sustainability. For instance, the toy firm organized a number of global events in 2018 with a sustainability theme. It introduced a LEGO wind turbine model that came with an informational brochure about wind energy and climate change.

Kwara:
For Kenyan savings and credit cooperatives, Kwara is a digital banking platform that supports their efforts to achieve Sustainable Development Goal number 10: Reduced Inequality. These community banks are demonstrating how technology can be used for groups that are frequently left out of traditional banks by digitizing their operations.

By enabling current saving cultures to develop and flourish in the twenty-first century, they set out to support the development of financial independence in the best way they knew how. Making joint wealth creation effortless is their goal.