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維利亞里卡火山 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书

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Crater Lake --> Crater Lake National Park 

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Crater Lake --> Crater Lake National Park 

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NPS/photo by Kim Chamales 2021

First There Was a Mountain

A massive eruption occurred about 7,700 years ago. It was followed by ejections of volcanic matter through fractures, in an oval shape around the mountain. These events weakened the mountain's structure, and caused the central portion of Mount Mazama to collapse inward. The result was an 5-6 mi (8-10 km) diameter and 0.7 mi (1.2 km) deep caldera.

Before the collapse, Mount Mazama loomed at approximately 12,000 ft (3,658 m) tall. Today, the highest point along the rim is Hillman Peak at 8,151 ft (2,484 m) and the highest point in the park is Mount Scott at 8,929 ft (2722 m).

Wizard Island is one of the most notable features of Crater Lake. It began developing before rain and snow started to fill the caldera.
NPS Photo/Kim Chamales

Now There is a Lake

Soon after the caldera formed, eruptions from new vents built the base of Wizard Island, and over several hundred years, rain and snow partially filled the caldera. Meanwhile, Wizard Island continued to grow and three other volcanoes formed underwater. The final eruption was on the east flank of Wizard Island about 4,800 years ago.

Evaporation and seepage are equal forces which keep Crater Lake from filling beyond an average depth of 1,943 ft (592 m) or 4.9 trillion gal (18.6 trillion L) of water. About 34 billion gal (128 billion L) are gained and lost each year. The yearly average snowfall on Crater Lake, as of 2020, is 42 ft (13 m) with an average yearly precipitation (rain and melted snow) of 67 in (2 m). Average snowfall has been decreasing since the 1930's when it was recorded at 51 ft (16 m).

Widely known for its rich blue color and extreme clarity, which averages 102 ft (31m) deep, Crater Lake is the deepest lake in the United States. It is one of the top ten deepest in the world. Unlike other Cascade Mountain lakes, Crater Lake rarely freezes over in the winter due to the heat content of the enormous water volume. To learn about lake ecology, current research, and the Long-term Limnological Monitoring Program, visit Crater Lake Research.

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Crater Lake - Crater Lake National Park (U.S. National Park Service)

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A massive eruption occurred about 7,700 years ago. It was followed by ejections of volcanic matter through fractures, in an oval shape around the mountain. These events weakened the mountain's structure, and caused the central portion of Mount Mazama to collapse inward. The result was an 5-6 mi (8-10 km) diameter and 0.7 mi (1.2 km) deep caldera.

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Mount Fuji (富士山, Fujisan) is with 3776 meters Japan's highest mountain. It is not surprising that the nearly perfectly shaped volcano has been worshiped as a sacred mountain and experienced big popularity among artists and common people throughout the centuries.

Mount Fuji is an active volcano, which most recently erupted in 1707. It stands on the border between Yamanashi and Shizuoka prefectures and can be seen from Tokyo and Yokohama on clear days.

Another easy way to view Mount Fuji is from the train on a trip between Tokyo and Osaka. If you take the shinkansen from Tokyo in the direction of Nagoya, Kyoto and Osaka, the best view of the mountain can be enjoyed from around Shin-Fuji Station on the right hand side of the train, about 40-45 minutes into the journey.

Note however, that clouds and poor visibility often block the view of Mount Fuji, and you have to consider yourself lucky if you get a clear view of the mountain. Visibility tends to be better during the colder seasons of the year than in summer, and in the early morning and late evening hours than during the middle of the day.

If you want to enjoy Mount Fuji at a more leisurely pace and from a nice natural surrounding, you should head to the Fuji Five Lake (Fujigoko) region at the northern foot of the mountain, or to Hakone, a nearby hot spring resort. Mount Fuji is officially open for climbing during July and August via several routes.

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關於阿蘇山

阿蘇山喺大約10萬年前就形成咗而家嘅狀態。 阿蘇火山一口氣噴發，爆發出火山灰同熔岩。因此 導致大規模下沉，並形成咗破火山口。 之後形成咗一個火山口群，而阿蘇山就係咁誕生咗。阿蘇山 從1500年左右開始，每1至10年會發生火山噴發活動。最後一次噴發係2015年。

阿蘇山嘅看點

阿蘇山嘅主要看點係，阿蘇五岳之一、而家仲係好活躍嘅「中岳」。「中岳」火山口東西長400米、南北寬1,100米，觀看點分為範圍A～範圍D。喺B區，火山口近在咫尺，魄力滿分。如果運氣好嘅話，仲可以睇到神秘嘅青綠色 火口池（ 湯だまり）。

前往「中岳」火山，從阿蘇西站可以乘車、巴士、纜車或步行前往。步行前往嘅時候，沿著觀景步道行會睇到「砂千里ヶ浜」，可以欣賞到一邊被火山灰覆蓋嘅黑色平原、因火山爆發散落嘅岩石等神秘嘅大自然景觀。

阿蘇山觀光注意事項

根據阿蘇火山噴發警戒級別，旅遊可能會受到限制。同時，阿蘇山纜車、阿蘇山循環接駁巴士亦可能暫停運行。出發之前請務必check清楚最新嘅火山口旅遊限制訊息。

阿蘇火山口最新旅遊限制訊息請click

阿蘇山嘅住宿

如何前往阿蘇山呢？

距離阿蘇最近嘅係「阿蘇西站」 可從熊本機場出發，或經由熊本站前往阿蘇站。乘搭巴士 從熊本機場約需1小時30分鐘，搭火車或巴士從熊本站約需2小時30分鐘。

景點資訊

名稱: 阿蘇山

地址: 熊本縣阿蘇市黑川8808-5

交通方式: 從阿蘇站乘搭阿蘇火口線巴士約35分鐘，於阿蘇西站落車即可抵達

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阿蘇山喺大約10萬年前就形成咗而家嘅狀態。 阿蘇火山一口氣噴發，爆發出火山灰同熔岩。因此 導致大規模下沉，並形成咗破火山口。 之後形成咗一個火山口群，而阿蘇山就係咁誕生咗。阿蘇山 從1500年左右開始，每1至10年會發生火山噴發活動。最後一次噴發係2015年。 ...

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Hyderabad: Bhongir outside Hyderabad has one of the largest exposed portions of a batholith in the world, which has rich archaeological significance. Batholiths are large geological formations of rocks created from cooling of magma.

Dr J. Rantakar of Osmania University's geology department said the hill on which the Bhongir fort is located is an exposed part of a batholith designated as Eastern Dharwar Craton. It's 2.5 to 2.7 billion years old. Such hills are exposed after billions of years of erosion.

He said the craton extends thousands of square kilometers beneath the earth's crust, covering districts in Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, and Maharashtra and shares boundary with the Eastern Ghats in Andhra Pradesh.

A search on the Internet will yield many results for the term 'batholith', including some exposed portions of batholith with high touristic value like Uluru in Australia, a Unesco World Heritage Site.

The Uluru formation is sometimes listed as the largest in the world. However, the batholith at Bhongir is 388 feet taller, at 1,410 feet with a circumference of 9.63 km. It rarely finds mention.

Mr D. Satyanarayana, a historian from the city who recently released a coffee table book on Bhongir, said, "Apart from being one of the largest exposed batholith portions in the world, the hill has a rich history. It was occupied by humans as long back as 3,000 years ago, during the Mesolithic Age.

A temple built by them still exists there. A petroglyph at the temple which represents the universe, also known as Bhuvana, is the real reason why the place is known as Bhuvanagiri and not because of the Tribhuvanamalla king as many believe. The fort was built around 5th Century AD."

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Hyderabad: Bhongir outside Hyderabad has one of the largest exposed portions of a batholith in the world, which has rich archaeological significance. Batholiths are large geological formations of rocks created from cooling of magma. Dr J. Rantakar of Osmania University's geology department said the hill on which the Bhongir fort is located is an exposed part of a batholith designated as Eastern Dharwar Craton.

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Columbia River Basalt Group - Related to Cascade Volcanoes?

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Extinct volcanoes --> High Island Supervolcano 糧船灣

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Extinct volcanoes --> High Island Supervolcano 糧船灣

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The Supervolcano in Hong Kong; The High Island Caldera