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Abraham Lincoln is elected President of the United States.                 Nov. 6, 1860

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Abraham Lincoln is elected President of the United States.                 Nov. 6, 1860

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Lincoln won the Electoral College with less than 40 percent of the popular vote nationwide, by carrying states above the Mason-Dixon line and North of the Ohio River, plus the states of California and Oregon in the far West.

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South Carolina voted to secede from the Union. December 20, 1860

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South Carolina voted to secede from the Union. December 20, 1860

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South Carolina became the first state to secede from the federal Union. The victory of Abraham Lincoln being elected, triggered cries for disunion across the slave-holding South.

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Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, and Louisiana secede from the Union. January 1861

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Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, and Louisiana secede from the Union. January 1861

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When Lincoln, a known opponent of slavery, was elected, the South Carolina legislature perceived a threat. Calling a state convention, the delegates voted  to remove the state of South Carolina from the union, known as the United States of America.

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Crittenden Compromise falls. January 16, 1861

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Crittenden Compromise falls. January 16, 1861

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On this day, the Senate voted down the Crittenden Compromise, a last ditch effort to preserve the Union and avoid a Civil War.

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Texas Secedes from the Union. February 1, 1861

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Texas Secedes from the Union. February 1, 1861

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Because the United States was torn apart by divisions over whether slavery could expand into the nation’s western territories, Texas voted to secede from the Union.

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The Confederate States of America is established and is headed by President Jefferson Davis. February 8, 1861

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The Confederate States of America is established and is headed by President Jefferson Davis. February 8, 1861

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On November 6, 1861, Jefferson Davis was elected president, not of the United States of America but of the Confederate States of America. He ran unopposed and was elected to serve for a six-year term. Davis had already been serving as the temporary president for almost a year.

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Abraham Lincoln is inaugurated. March 4, 1861

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Abraham Lincoln is inaugurated. March 4, 1861

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James Buchanan, presided over the White House in the last few days before Abraham Lincoln took the oath of office. Buchanan’s presidency had been marked by ineffectual progress toward keeping the nation together.

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South Carolina attacks Ft. Sumter and the Civil War begins. April 12, 1861

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South Carolina attacks Ft. Sumter and the Civil War begins. April 12, 1861

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At 4:30 a.m, Confederate troops fired on Fort Sumter in South Carolina’s Charleston Harbor. Less than 34 hours later, Union forces surrendered. Traditionally, this event has been used to mark the beginning of the Civil War.

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Virginia joins the Confederate States of America. In 1863, the Western part will away and join the Union.

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Virginia joins the Confederate States of America. In 1863, the Western part will away and join the Union.

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By the spring of 1861, several states had already seceded from the Union. The state of Virginia decided to call a special convention of delegates to consider succession and on April 17, 1861 following the attack at Fort Sumter, Virginia passed its Ordinance of Secession.

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Arkansas and North Carolina join the Confederate States of America. May 1861

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Arkansas and North Carolina join the Confederate States of America. May 1861

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On April 12, 1861, following diplomatic bickering over Lincoln's pledge to get supplies to Union troops at Fort Sumter, Confederate forces fired shots at the fort and Union troops surrendered, sparking the Civil War. In rapid succession, Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee and Arkansas joined the Confederacy.

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Tennessee joins the Confederate States of America. June 1861

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Tennessee joins the Confederate States of America. June 1861

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On this day in 1861, as the Civil War entered its third month, Tennessee, a border state poised between North and South, voted 102,172-47,328 to secede from the Union and join the Confederacy.

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Union troops are defeated at the 1st battle of Bull Run (Manassas). July 21, 1861

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Union troops are defeated at the 1st battle of Bull Run (Manassas). July 21, 1861

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Each side had about 18,000 poorly trained and poorly led troops. It was a Confederate victory, followed by a disorganized retreat of the Union forces. First Battle of Bull Run. It was located in Fairfax County and Prince William County, in Virginia.

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The Battle of Monitor and Merrimack (Hampton Roads) revolutionizes naval warfare. March 8-9, 1862

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The Battle of Monitor and Merrimack (Hampton Roads) revolutionizes naval warfare. March 8-9, 1862

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The Battle of Hampton Roads, aka the Battle of the Ironclads (Monitor and Merrimack), was fought March 8-9, 1862 near Hampton Roads, Virginia. It is the most famous naval battle of the American Civil War, pitting the nation's first ironclad ships against each other.

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The Union launches the unsuccessful Peninsula Campaign to Invade Virginia. March-July 1862

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The Union launches the unsuccessful Peninsula Campaign to Invade Virginia. March-July 1862

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The Peninsula campaign (also known as the Peninsular campaign) of the American Civil War was a major Union operation launched in southeastern Virginia, the first large-scale offensive in the Eastern Theater.

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Union troops are victorious at the Battle of Shiloh (Pittsburg Landing).April 6-7, 1862

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Union troops are victorious at the Battle of Shiloh (Pittsburg Landing).April 6-7, 1862

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Battle of Shiloh, also called Battle of Pittsburg Landing, second great engagement of the American Civil War, fought in southwestern Tennessee, resulting in a victory for the North and in large casualties for both sides. In February, Union General Ulysses S.

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Confederate troops are victorious at the 2nd Battle of Bull Run (Manassas). August 28-30, 1862

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Confederate troops are victorious at the 2nd Battle of Bull Run (Manassas). August 28-30, 1862

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The Second Battle of Manassas (or Bull Run) ended a long campaign in northern Virginia. The campaign had begun when Union forces attempting to invade the Southern capital at Richmond were defeated just miles from the city.

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The Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg) is the bloodiest day of the war. September 17, 1862

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The Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg) is the bloodiest day of the war. September 17, 1862

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Beginning early on the morning of September 17, 1862, Confederate and Union troops in the Civil War clashed near Maryland's Antietam Creek in the bloodiest single day in American military history. The Battle of Antietam marked the culmination of Confederate General Robert E. Lee's first invasion of the Northern states.

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Lincoln signs the Emancipation Proclamation and it goes into effect January 1, 1863

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Lincoln signs the Emancipation Proclamation and it goes into effect January 1, 1863

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On September 22, 1862, partly in response to the heavy losses inflicted at the Battle of Antietam, President Abraham Lincoln issued a preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, threatening to free all the enslaved people in the states in rebellion if those states did not return to the Union by January 1, 1863.

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Confederate troops are victorious at the Battle of Fredericksburg. December 11-15, 1862

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Confederate troops are victorious at the Battle of Fredericksburg. December 11-15, 1862

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Battle of Fredericksburg, the bloody engagement of the American Civil War fought at Fredericksburg, Virginia, between Union forces under Maj. Gen. Ambrose Burnside and the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia under Gen.

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Boats and boating--Equipment and supplies

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After weeks of fighting, Vicksburg falls to the Unions. May 18- July 4, 1863

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After weeks of fighting, Vicksburg falls to the Unions. May 18- July 4, 1863

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In Warren County, MS, Vicksburg's strategic location on the Mississippi River made it a critical win for both the Union and the Confederacy. The Confederate surrender there ensured Union control of the Mississippi River and cleaved the South in two.

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Union Troops are victorious at Gettysburg. July 1-3, 1863

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Union Troops are victorious at Gettysburg. July 1-3, 1863

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The Union had won the Battle of Gettysburg. The battle was a crushing defeat. Union casualties in the battle had numbered to 23,000, while the Confederate had lost some 28,000, men-more than a third of Lee’s army. The North rejoiced while the South  mourned, it’s hopes for foreign recognition of the Confederacy erased.

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The Battle of Chattanooga is a Union Victory. November 23-25, 1863

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The Battle of Chattanooga is a Union Victory. November 23-25, 1863

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The Battles for Chattanooga, were a series of battles in which Union forces routed Confederate troops in Tennessee at the battles of Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge during the Civil War.

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The Siege of Petersburg results in a Union Victory. June 9, 1864- April 2, 1865

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The Siege of Petersburg results in a Union Victory. June 9, 1864- April 2, 1865

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Ulysses S Grant’s assault on Robert E Lee’s armies at Petersburg failed to capture the Confederacy’s vital supply center and resulted in the longest siege in American warfare. Although the Confederates held off the Federals in the Battle of Petersburg, Grant implemented a siege of the city, that lasted for 292 days and ultimitally cost the South the war.

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Sherman's March to the Sea devastates the South. November- December 1864

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Sherman's March to the Sea devastates the South. November- December 1864

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Sherman's March to the Sea was an American Civil War campaign lasting from November 15 to December 21, 1864, in which Union Major General William Tecumseh Sherman led troops through the Confederate state of Georgia, pillaging the countryside and destroying both military outposts and civilian properties.

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Abraham Lincoln wins a close re-election against General George McClellan. November 8, 1864

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Abraham Lincoln wins a close re-election against General George McClellan. November 8, 1864

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Near the end of the American Civil War, incumbent President Abraham Lincoln of the National Union Party easily defeated the Democratic nominee, former General George B. McClellan, by a wide margin of 212–21 in the electoral college, with 55% of the popular vote.

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Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrenders at Appotamox Court House. April 9, 1865

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Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrenders at Appotamox Court House. April 9, 1865

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Trapped by the Federals near Appomattox Court House, Confederate general Robert E. Lee surrendered his army to Union general Ulysses S. Grant, precipitating the capitulation of other Confederate forces and leading to the end of the bloodiest conflict in American history.

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Abraham Lincoln is assassinated by John Wilkes Booth. April 14, 1865

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Abraham Lincoln is assassinated by John Wilkes Booth. April 14, 1865

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Shortly after 10:00 p.m. on April 14, 1865, actor John Wilkes Booth entered the presidential box at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C., and fatally shot President Abraham Lincoln.