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They specialize in the care and treatment of the area below the brain and above the lungs (except for the eyes).

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Flexible laryngoscopy enables the doctor to get an immediate look at your child's throat and nasal passages

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An optometrist examine the eyes to diagnose any problems in vision and prescribe corrective lenses for them.

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The classic chart of big and little letters you'll typically see used by eye care professionals

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Ophthalmoscope - an instrument for inspecting the retina and other parts of the eye.

Visual Acuity - sharpness of vision, measured by the ability to discern letters or numbers at a given distance according to a fixed standard

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Regular eye exams give your eye care professional a chance to help you correct or adapt to vision changes and provide you with tips on caring for your eyes. In a healthy eye, the lens at the front of the eye is clear.

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A cardiologist is an expert at diagnosing and treating cardiovascular diseases

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An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) records the electrical signal from the heart to check for different heart conditions.

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Mitral valve regurgitation - is a type of heart valve disease in which the valve between the left heart chambers doesn't close completely, allowing blood to leak backward across the valve

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A normal resting heart rate for adults ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute. Generally, a lower heart rate at rest implies more efficient heart function and better cardiovascular fitness. For example, a well-trained athlete might have a normal resting heart rate closer to 40 beats per minute.

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A pulmonologist is a  doctor who diagnoses and treats diseases of the respiratory system -- the lungs and other organs that help you breathe.

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Pulmonary function testing is a complete evaluation of the respiratory system including patient history, physical examinations, and tests of pulmonary function.

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Clear - A clear woosh of air with each inhalation and exhalation.

Wheezing - A high-pitched whistling sound caused by narrowed airways; can sometimes be heard without a stethoscope.

Crackles (rales) - Short and intermittent clicking, rattling, or popping sounds are heard during inhalation when air is forced through an airway narrowed by fluid.

Stridor - Harsh, shrill sound, similar to wheezing, usually heard closest to the back of the neck, as it is caused by a partially obstructed windpipe.

Rhonchi - A snore-like sound heard when airways are partially obstructed.

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The lungs should be pink, squishy, and flexible enough to squeeze and expand with each breath. An unhealthy one, such as a smokers lung would appear dark and mottled due to inhaled tar.

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Dermatologists are medical doctors who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of skin conditions.

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In this test, a tiny drop of a possible allergen—something you are allergic to— is pricked or scratched into the skin. (This is also called a percutaneous test.) It is the most common type of skin test.

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Cancer -  is a disease caused when the cells of the body divide uncontrollably.

A (Asymmetry) - One half of the mole does not match the shape of the other half

B (Border) - The edges of the mole are irregular or jagged

C (Color) - The mole is not one uniform color, but shows different colors or shades throughout.

D (Diameter) - The diameter of the mole is larger than a pencil eraser.

E (Evolving) - The mole appears to be changing (shape, color, size) over time

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Dermatologists perform routine examination of any marks or growths on the skin, particularly moles. When they evaluate whether a mole is normal or abnormal, they often refer to an ABCDE system and evaluate the following criteria.

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Otoscope - a tool with a light and magnifying glass, to look inside the ear.

Tonsils - lymph nodes in the back of the mouth and top of the throat. They help to filter out bacteria and other germs to prevent infection in the body

Lymph - a colorless fluid containing white blood cells, which bathes the tissues and drains through the lymphatic system into the bloodstream.

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A neurologist studies the way the body reacts to thing and studies the facial language of a person

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This test helps determine how effective your nervous system is by assessing the reaction between your motor pathways and sensory responses.

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N/A

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When the doctor hits your knee with a tiny rubber mallet, you leg should do an automatic reflex where it kicks up. If there was something wrong the leg wouldn't kick up.