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Research epistemology refers to the study and reflection on how we know and understand the world through research. It is the exploration of how we acquire and validate knowledge, how our beliefs influence our investigations, and how different ways of viewing the world can shape the methods and approaches we use in conducting studies and explorations.

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Epistemology is a branch of philosophy that seeks to understand how we come to know what we claim to know and how we can distinguish between genuine knowledge and mere opinion.
It is about exploring how we know things, how we distinguish between what is true and what is not, and how our brains make sense of the world around us. It is an exciting journey to understand how we come to know what we know.

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-Instituto Hidalguense de Educación, Universidad Pedagógica Nacional-Hidalgo. (s.f.). Programa de estudio: Introducción a la Epistemología. Licenciatura en Intervención Educativa. URL: chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://upnmorelos.edu.mx/assets/epistemologia.pdf

-Nava Avilés, M. V. (Coord.). (2021). Epistemología y Metodología de la Investigación: Enfoques y Construcciones desde un Programa Doctoral en Educación (1ra ed.). Castellanos Editores. México. URL: chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://cafge.files.wordpress.com/2021/06/03-21-vi-epistemologia-y-metodologia-de-investigacion.pdf

-Hessen, J. (1925). Teoría del conocimiento (José Gaos, Trad.). Fundación El Libro Total, proyecto de responsabilidad social e intelectual de la firma Sistemas y Computadores S.A. Recuperado de https://www.ellibrototal.com/ltotal/?t=1&d=17835

-Equipo editorial, Etecé. (2023, 23 de enero). Método Científico. En Enciclopedia Humanidades. Recuperado de https://humanidades.com/metodo-cientifico/

-Mejía Henao, J. D. (2019, 4 de agosto). Para qué sirve investigar - Siete beneficios de investigar [Video]. Aprender a Investigar. URL del video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LBUGRDz4lPg&t=5s

-Epistemologia Comunicativa. (2018, 18 de marzo). ¿Qué es la epistemología? | Rincón epistemológico [Video]. URL del video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pzoRWDX0DRM

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Epistemological schools are general approaches or broad perspectives that address fundamental philosophical questions about the nature of knowledge. Each epistemological school has its own ideas about how knowledge is acquired, what can be known, and how our beliefs are justified.

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Emphasizes the role of reason and logic in obtaining knowledge, arguing that certain truths can be known a priori, i.e., without depending on experience.
Exponents: René Descartes, Baruch Spinoza, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz.

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Holds that knowledge is derived primarily from sensory experience and observation of the external world. Empirical evidence is central to forming beliefs.
Exponents: John Locke, George Berkeley, David Hume.

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Focuses on the description and analysis of experiences and phenomena as they are experienced by individuals, trying to understand subjective reality without preconceptions.
Exponents: Edmund Husserl, Martin Heidegger, Maurice Merleau-Ponty.

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Focuses on the interpretation of texts, discourses, and symbols to understand their deeper meaning and how they relate to human experience.
Exponents: Friedrich Schleiermacher, Wilhelm Dilthey, Hans-Georg Gadamer.

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Are more specific and detailed explanations that arise within these epistemological schools. These theories try to answer more concrete questions, such as what types of knowledge are valid, how our beliefs are justified, what is the relationship between the mind and the world, among others.

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Dogmatism: Belief in the certainty and absolute truth of knowledge. Accepts beliefs without critically questioning them.

Skepticism: Doubt and distrust in the possibility of reaching certain knowledge. It questions the reliability of our beliefs.

Subjectivism: Knowledge depends on individual perspective and personal experiences. Truth is relative to each subject.

Relativism: Truth and knowledge are relative and depend on the cultural, historical or individual context in which they are found.

Pragmatism: Knowledge is useful and practical if it guides successful actions. Truth is what works in practice.

Rationalism: Knowledge is derived from reason and logic. Certain truths can be known a priori, independent of experience.

Empiricism: Knowledge is obtained through sensory experience and observation. Ideas come from perception of the external world.

Intellectualism: Knowledge is based on the use of intellect and reason. The mind is the primary source of understanding.

Apriorism: Certain truths can be known without prior experience. A priori knowledge is obtained through reason.

Realism: The external world exists independently of our mind and we can know it objectively.

Idealism: The mind or consciousness is fundamental in the creation and understanding of reality. The world is a mental construct.

Phenomenalism: Holds that only experiences or phenomena are objects of knowledge. Reality is an interpretation of experiences.

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FROM THEORIES OF KNOWLEDGE TO EPISTEMIC MODELS

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FROM THEORIES OF KNOWLEDGE TO EPISTEMIC MODELS

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EPISTÉMIC MODELS: are abstract and structured representations that describe how the knowledge of a theory is formed and developed.

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It is a systematic and orderly way of investigating and understanding the world around us. It is a series of steps and processes that scientists use to obtain reliable and objective knowledge about natural and social phenomena.

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Here you have a video where the steps to follow the scientific method are explained in a simple way.

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Deductive Method: It starts from a general premise or theory and uses logical reasoning to reach specific conclusions. It is a top-down thinking process, from the general to the particular.

Inductive Method: It is based on collecting specific observations to extract general patterns and conclusions. It is a bottom-up thinking process, from the particular to the general.

Analytical Method: Involves the detailed analysis of existing data to obtain new interpretations and understandings. It focuses on breaking down a phenomenon into parts to understand its components and relationships.

Synthetic Method: Combines different elements or ideas to build a more complete vision or a general synthesis. It involves bringing together scattered or fragmented information to form a coherent whole.

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Do you believe that the scientific method is essential to the pursuit of reliable knowledge, informed decision-making and the advancement of society in all its facets? Does it provide an objective and rigorous approach to exploring and understanding the world around us?

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I have my doubts, I will have to apply the scientific method to arrive at an answer that convincesme

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The research process is the complete set of steps and stages that a researcher follows to conduct research in a particular field. It includes all activities, from choosing the topic and formulating the research question to communicating the results and conclusions.

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The research process consists of the following parts:

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The research process consists of the following parts:

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1-Observation
2-Induction
3-Hypothesis
4-Experimentation
5-Analysis
6-Conclusion

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This involves observing and recording relevant phenomena, patterns or situations in the environment. Initial observations may lead to questions or hypotheses that trigger research.

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From observations, the aim is to identify patterns or regularities in order to formulate generalizations or general conclusions. It is the process of moving from individual cases to broader principles.

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A hypothesis is a tentative assumption that is put forward as a possible explanation for an observed phenomenon. It must be testable and refutable, and becomes the focal point of the research.

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Controlled experiments are designed and conducted to test the hypothesis. This involves manipulating independent variables and observing the effects on the dependent variables to establish cause-effect relationships.

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After collecting data through experimentation, these data are analyzed using statistical or other relevant methods. The analysis seeks to identify patterns, trends and relationships that support or refute the hypothesis.

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Based on the results of the analysis, conclusions are drawn as to whether the hypothesis is supported or refuted. Conclusions should be objective and supported by solid evidence from the research.

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"Método Científico". Author: Editorial team, Etecé. From: Argentina. For: Encyclopedia Humanities. Available at: https://humanidades.com/metodo-cientifico/. Last edited: January 23, 2023. Accessed: August 11, 2023.

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Método Científico: qué es, definición, pasos y características

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Método Científico ✓ Te explicamos qué es el método científico y sus características. Además, los principales pasos que lo conforman, ejemplos y más…

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What is epistemology? | Epistemology Corner

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What is epistemology? | Epistemology Corner

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Epistomology for dummies!

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¿Qué es la epistemología? | Rincón epístemológico

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What is research for - Seven benefits of research 

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What is research for - Seven benefits of research 

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Learning to do research brings more benefits to your life than passing by the educational institution without having done any research. Discover what research is for and the seven benefits of research.

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😃 Para qué sirve investigar - Siete beneficios de investigar - Aprender a Investigar

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Link that will take you to this online padlet

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Link that will take you to this online padlet