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While US sprinter Sha’Carri Richardson was away in Oregon competing at the Olympic trials, she learned from a reporter that her mother had unexpectedly died. To cope with this sudden death, she used marijuana. She then had a positive drug test leading to a month long suspension. She wasn’t able to compete in the Tokyo Games and wasn’t picked to participate in the women’s 4X100 relay

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Evolution in sports rules -> How do players and fans react to the changes in sports rules due to technological advancement?

https://www.si.com/mlb/padres/news/padres-news-manny-machado-admits-new-rules-are-affecting-his-play-ns2002

Manny Machado in the San Diego Padres experienced the negativity of the pitch timer first hand. He claims that this pitch timer has affected his game play, mostly his batting average. He was ejected after arguing with the umpire that gave him the violation of going past the 8 second mark when he actually wanted a timeout.

Drugs in Sports -> Why do athletes risk taking steroids and performance-enhancing drugs?

https://sps.northwestern.edu/stories/news-stories/why-do-athletes-risk-using-PEDs.php

The meteoric rise of athletic superstars is sometimes tainted by accusations and subsequent penalties related to performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs). Some athletes see PED use as a calculated risk, weighing the potential million-dollar rewards against the possibility of getting caught. Since introducing stricter drug policies in 2005 in Major League Baseball (MLB), 47 MLB players have been suspended for varying lengths for using banned substances. Also, the National Football League (NFL) has seen a surge in suspensions, especially since 2012. In addition, The data presented captures only the positive tests and not the actual number of violations, suggesting that drug testing might not be effective in curbing the problem.

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Sports Illustrated Inside The Padres News, Analysis and More

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Whenever anybody gets rewarded a multi-year contract of any sum, the hope is that they will continue to improve as that deal pays them for the agreed amount of time. That is definitely one of the biggest negotiating points that players use in conversations with the front office.

However, there are special cases where a player is so good and already in their prime that a franchise merely asks that they continue the level of play they've showcased while they surround that player with better talent.

Well, Manny Machado is in this exact position with the San Diego Padres right now but his start to the 2023 season has not been close to the MVP production he showcased last year. The Friars sit at 6-5 on the year and their batting power has not been what it was hyped up to be over the offseason.

The 30-year-old superstar only has one home run recorded so far and has seen a number of strikeouts during his trips to the plate.

When catching up with The San Diego-Union Tribune after the team's 5-0 loss to the New York Mets, Machado revealed that all the new rules and changes to the game are definitely playing role in his early production being down.

"Things are not just flowing right now," Machado said. "There are a lot of new things going on right now with the pitch clock and speeding up the game a little bit. So I think that's something that I've been having to make an adjustment on."

(Via San Diego-Union Tribune)

We obviously remember when he famously got ejected after arguing with an umpire that gave him a violation despite him clearly asking for a timeout.

It's clear that the pitch clock paves way for new mental tactics for a player like Machado and he also spoke on why it's been so difficult to adjust.

"You get into at-bats, you can't think about what you're going to do," said Machado. "Once you step in the box, like, whatever you thought about two seconds ago is going to go out the window. You've got adrenaline, you've got fans, you've got maybe runners on first and second, runners on second and third, whatever the situation might be. You're gonna forget what the hell you just thought about."

(Via San Diego-Union Tribune)

Padres fans should not be too worried though. Machado is among the league's best at what he does and he was rewarded the big bucks for a reason, he will adapt soon.

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Padres News: Manny Machado Admits New Rules are Affecting His Play

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Padres superstar Manny Machado hasn't seen the greatest of results at the plate in 2023 and he looks at the pitch clock as the main reason.

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Technology has a large impact on athletes and their audiences. Advances make watching the sport easier and more accessible. In the coming years the biggest tech focuses related to sports will be fan engagement technologies, stadium experience tech, and athlete performance tech. However, there are a few factors holding sports teams back from advancing their tech which include minimal monetization, cost, and unqualified decision.

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The ethics of the legalization of Marijuana and its effects on college students

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Legalization of Marijuana and its effects on college students

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Brisola-Santos, Maria Beatriz. “Prevalence and Correlates of Cannabis Use among Athletes-a Systematic Review.” The American Journal on Addictions, drive.google.com/file/d/1-8hFTECYyerJE-vxeYapTGkDonSoE3Sd/view. Accessed 8 Sept. 2023.

“Exploring Topics in Sports: Why Do Athletes Risk Using Performance Enhancing Drugs?” Exploring Topics in Sports: Why Do Athletes Risk Using Performance Enhancing Drugs?: School of Professional Studies | Northwestern University, Northwestern School of Professional Studies, 14 July 2015, sps.northwestern.edu/stories/news-stories/why-do-athletes-risk-using-PEDs.php.

Kevin Draper, Juliet Macur. “Sha’Carri Richardson, a Track Sensation, Tests Positive for Marijuana.” The New York Times. 6 July, 2021.

Miller, Scott. “Baseball Buys in on the Digital Age. but at What Cost?” The New York Times, The New York Times, 6 Aug. 2022, www.nytimes.com/2022/08/06/sports/baseball/pitchcom-sign-stealing.html.

Padres News: Manny Machado Admits New Rules Are Affecting His Play ..., www.si.com/mlb/padres/news/padres-news-manny-machado-admits-new-rules-are-affecting-his-play-ns2002. Accessed 11 Sept. 2023.

Proman, Michael. “The Future of Sports Tech: Here’s Where Investors Are Placing Their Bets.” TechCrunch, 27 Sept. 2019, techcrunch.com/2019/10/01/the-future-of-sports-tech-heres-where-investors-are-placing-their-bets/.

"Ref, You Suck!." Against the Rules, hosted by Michael Lewis, 2 Apr. 2019.

Schneider, Angela J. “Cultural Nuances: Doping, Cycling and the Tour de France.” Sport in Society, 24 Jan. 2007, drive.google.com/file/d/1faCU_tlfq-dxsvVkjgLCnleIWXuLf5t6/view.

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The Scholarly source researched cases of marijuana use in adult athletes using the PubMed database to find the frequency of use and patterns among users. Marijuana, a drug that can cause addiction, is known to decrease the performance of athletes and slow down reaction time and judgment. The study concluded that among athletes, marijuana was the number 2 used drug, behind alcohol, and that Caucasian males have the highest rate of consumption (Brisola-Santos). It also included sections on small external studies on other groups. “Being white, having used cigarettes in the previous year and reporting high sensation seeking were associated with previous year marijuana use. Male student athletes who continued to use marijuana during their competitive seasons were significantly more likely to use of marijuana as a coping mechanism compared to athletes who did not report use during the season” (Brisola-Santos 520). The study also included a section on youth athletes, who displayed similar patterns as adults. It discussed some of the reasons why athletes use marijuana, with the main being the enhancement of athletic performance, which is untrue. The study suggested "that a number of athletic subgroups are at increased risk for marijuana use...As in the general population, experimentation starts early—in pre-adolescence—at an age that prevention and guidance programs could have positive influences" (Brisola-Santos 528).

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Prevalence and Correlates of Cannabis Use Among Athletes—A Systematic Review.pdf

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This source discusses how basketball commissions use technologies to uphold fairness despite growing friction between players and referees. The NBA Replay Center is where other referees review basketball on-court referees’ calls to ensure accuracy. It implements the latest technologies to eliminate bias in refereeing. The referees reviewing do not know which player or team is playing the game, making their decisions purely based on the actions. Other actions have also been taken to remove factors that impair the game’s fairness. The NBA has increased the diversity in referee demographics, and the referees are realizing and avoiding unconscious bias through data-driven studies on their calls. However, the athletes, coaches, and fans show increasing dissatisfaction with the referees’ decisions, especially the famous players. Michael Lewis views this phenomenon among NBA stars as a microcosm of the real world. In society, privileged people are more likely to disobey the rules because they have the power to avoid the consequences. The NBA stars are protected by the coaches for their skills, giving them insurance against suspension. The basketball commissions and referees aim to counteract this social issue with technologies, like the Replay Center, to uphold justice.

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Ref, You Suck! — Against the Rules with Michael Lewis — Overcast

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The source delves into the relationship between the Tour de France, a long-distance cycling race, and the culture of doping that has emerged. "Riders cover well over 3,000 km in 20 stages... what makes stage racing different from other endurance sports is that those daily demands are sustained over a period of three weeks" (Schneider 212). As a result, many believe that to compensate for the intense exertion and limited recovery, medical intervention in the form of doping becomes almost necessary. The values central to road cycling, such as endurance, perseverance, and willpower, inherently involve pushing the human body to its utmost limits. "The history of the Tour makes it clear, for example, that public opinion about doping does not always conform to the prohibitionist line that is publicly embraced by many officials" (Schneider 213). However, this has led to a paradoxical situation where the doping culture threatens the transparency of the sport. Furthermore, while many outside the sport see it as tarnished by doping, others view the cyclists' efforts, even with doping, as emblematic of the extreme human capacity for endurance and willpower. Schneider emphasizes the need for reevaluating the physiological demands of the race and if the sport should distance itself from performance-enhancing drugs.

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Cultural Nuances Doping Cycling and the Tour de France.pdf

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This source talked about baseball being in a digital age compared to its past where it didn't have any replay systems. Back then, the teams would go by the umpire's words since they are so called the "refs" of baseball and they didn't have any proof to see whether a player was out while running the base, check swings, and so on. So back then, there would be a lot of arguments between players/coaches, and umpires since most of the times a player would be right on calls. But now baseball has moved onto a digital age and umpires would check regularly whether a player was safe or out. This just shows that technology is crucial for MLB and is an evidence to show between out or safe. However after reaching its digital age, there has been some scandals being involved, one infamously known as sign stealing with the use of cameras that has happened in the World Series between the Dodgers and the Houston Astros. After this incident happened, players had conflicting thoughts about it where one player, D.J LeMahieu wished that there wasn't any technology involved and another wishing there wouldn't be any robo umps in the near future, since it would falter their skills if robo umps were used.

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Baseball Buys In on the Digital Age. But at What Cost? (Published 2022)

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A sport that struggles with change has mixed opinions about PitchCom and other new technologies. But everyone seems to agree that the systems work.

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Brian Kim, Arjun Patel, Saqqara Ruffin, Kelly Tang