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Air pollution during ancient civilizations (BC-1200 A.D.) was primarily attributed to indoor and outdoor sources such as indoor cooking fires, metalworking, and biomass burning, resulting in localized emissions of particulates and pollutants in urban areas. Water pollution during ancient civilizations (BC-1200 A.D.) was primarily caused by inadequate sanitation, improper waste disposal, and the discharge of domestic and industrial effluents into water bodies, resulting in contamination and health risks for communities living near water sources. During ancient civilizations (BC-1200 A.D.), humans primarily obtained the energy they needed to survive from biomass sources such as wood, crop residues, and animal dung, which were used for cooking, heating, and other essential activities. Conservation practices during ancient civilizations (BC-1200 A.D.) were sporadic but evident in regions where communities managed resources sustainably through methods like rotational agriculture, terracing, and establishing sacred groves to protect certain ecosystems and species. Lead poisoning was a problem in ancient civilizations (BC-1200 A.D.) due to the use of lead in various everyday objects such as cookware, water pipes, and cosmetics, leading to inadvertent ingestion and subsequent health issues.

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Water pollution during the Middle Ages and Renaissance was considerable due to the lack of proper sewage systems and waste management, leading to contamination of water sources and increased health risks in urban areas. Extensive wood harvesting during the Middle Ages and Renaissance for construction, fuel, and other purposes led to deforestation, soil erosion, and habitat loss, impacting ecosystems and contributing to environmental degradation. During the Enlightenment, diseases like smallpox, cholera, and typhus continued to spread, causing significant mortality and underscoring the need for advancements in medical understanding and public health measures.

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During the Enlightenment, people began to advocate for reason, individual rights, scientific inquiry, education reform, and human rights in efforts to improve society and challenge traditional institutions and beliefs. Thomas Malthus predicted that population growth would eventually outstrip the availability of resources, leading to cycles of famine, disease, and other forms of population checks, unless controlled through preventive measures like late marriage and abstinence. Microplastic Pollution: Microplastics are tiny plastic particles that result from the breakdown of larger plastic items or are deliberately manufactured for various purposes. Electronic Waste (E-waste). Pollution: The rapid growth of electronic devices has led to the generation of significant amounts of electronic waste. Noise Pollution: With urbanization and increased industrial activity, noise pollution has become a growing concern. Sanitation became crucial for public health by preventing the spread of diseases and improving overall hygiene in communities. During the Enlightenment, air pollution stemming from the increased use of coal and other industrial activities contributed to deteriorating urban air quality and raised concerns about its potential impact on human health and the environment. Water pollution during the Enlightenment was exacerbated by urbanization, industrialization, and inadequate waste disposal practices, leading to contamination of water sources and posing health risks to populations. When it was cut down in 1853. it drew attention to the environmental consequences of deforestation and spurred conservation efforts, contributing to the establishment of national parks and the preservation of natural landmarks in the United States.

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- Many reforms such as working conditions, slum housing, food adulteration, sanitation, drinking water, pollution industries, hunting laws, and mining practices occurred.

- Theodore Roosevelt fought and advocated for the “wise use” of natural resources and an approach that takes the future into account while ensuring the present’s needs.

- Eventually, there was an increase in the emerging influence of women in national politics in which women were able to adopt the environmental issues under the label of “municipal housekeeping”. These factors then soon contributed to the achievement of votes for women as the Progressive movement ended.

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- The National Coast Anti-Pollution League started by the state and municipal officials at Atlantic City, New Jersey in order to reduce and stop oil dumping.

- Lead gasoline was used for the first automobiles.

- The chemurgy movements fought for the promotion of manufacturing chemical, industrial, and consumer products from agricultural raw materials as opposed to fossil fuels and other non-renewable resources.

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Due to the Pennsylvania air pollution disaster which caused the death of 20 people, 600 hospitalized, and thousands more sick from smoke of steel and zinc works is trapped in a four-day inversion, a weather phenomena where pollution is trapped beneath a cold layer of air.

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- Known as the "burning river", Cuyahoga river bursts into flames 5 stories high from oil and chemical pollution, illuminating the extent of pollution and simultaneously igniting controversy over how much cleanup will be needed. The river fire became a defining moment for the new environmental movement.

- Silent Spring is the name of Rachel Carson’s book that started modern environmentalism.

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The NOAA is formed (national oceanic and atmospheric administration)

The clean air act passes which set a six-year deadline for companies to develop a 90% pollution-free engine.

The air and water conservation act passes

The first new source of pollution causing concern is lead in gasoline, the second new source of pollution is mercury in water.

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In 1984 the Bhopal disaster happened which was the release of cyanide gas into the air by a plant owned by the Union Carbide. It caused the death of about 16,000 people in total.

In 1988 the Chernobyl disaster happened which left the area contaminated with radiation.

The first major issue involving Earth’s atmosphere is the surplus of  co2 in the atmosphere, the second major issue is that the ozone layer is eroding faster than expected.

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The Gulf War created pollution because of the burning of 6.5 million gallons of oil caused by the retreating Iraqi army.

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The final act President Clinton signed into law was the Omnibus Parks and Public Lands Management Act.

Bush's presidency handled global warming and climate change with the Kyoto Protocol which would prevent the release of 500 million metric tons of greenhouse gases.

The world bans lead from being in gasoline.