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No, gradually I started using Internet instead of TV )

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I found this text on this website, but I don't think that is article. I think it just text for reading. P.S. And I also not sure that I write this comment correctly)

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Igor: It means royal power or fee to author? I translated the word, but forgot to write down.

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Do you watch TV a lot? ;)

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I like your summary, Igor, but I can't see the article itself(

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Igor, do you know what the word royalty means?

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Igor Bush,akin / If maths is boring, what is the answer?(part 2)

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Igor Bush,akin / If maths is boring, what is the answer?(part 2)

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Next, the article tells about the early mathematical discoveries in India. People around the world are desperately trying to solve unsolvable problems in mathematics. People were getting mad at inventing theories. Unlike other sciences, mathematical theory can not be disproof. Almost every mathematical formula or theorem was invented many years ago and people spent their entire lives to open it.

Key words:
carve out (carved out) — разрезать
circumstance — обстоятельство
clay — глина
contemplate (contemplated) — обдумывать, продумывать, размышлять
contemporary — современный
eminent — видный, выдающийся, замечательный
empower (empowered; empowered) — давать возможность
engaging — привлекательный, притягательный
excitement — возбуждение, волнение
foundations — основы, принципы
graft — работа
honour — слава, почёт, честь
inbuilt — встроенный, врожденный
infinite — бесконечный, безграничный
apply (applied) — применять, использовать, наносить
approach — подход
arpeggios — арпеджио
asylum — приют (для инвалидов, одиноких, психически больных)
ban (banned) — запрещать
boundary — граница, межа
breakthroughs — успех, открытие mental — интеллектуальный, умственный; психический
overturn (overturned) — опрокидывать, отменять
prove (proved; proved) — доказывать, оказываться
recently — недавно; на днях
reinforce (reinforced) — укреплять
rigorous — доскональный, скрупулёзный
scale — гамма
supplement — добавление, дополнение; приложение
tap into — устанавливать связь; подключиться
therefore — по этой причине; вследствие этого
transcend (transcended) — превосходить, превышать
tread (trod; trodden) — шагать
upon — на, после, согласно
water down (watered down) — разбавлять, разводить
wrestle (wrestled) — бороться, биться

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Isaac Newton is said to have tried calculating it just to idle away the hours and made it as far as 15 decimal places. Today, a computer can easily calculate it to billions of digits, which must have helped Kate Bush write her song about π, in which she recites it to the 137th decimal place.

Who said maths was boring? And yet, many children are bored in the classroom. A report published by Ofsted last month claimed that pupils are simply turned off by the parrot learning of formulas to solve quadratic equations and the mindless application of the rules of trigonometry.

An obsession with teaching children solely to jump the hurdles of the testing regime is depriving a generation of a deeper understanding of the subject. Mathematics is taught as if it was handed down in some vast textbook with little context of where it came from.

Everyone responds to good stories and mathematics is full of them, so why deprive students of the wonderful dramatis personae that have created our subject? As a professional mathematician, I have found that unearthing the stories behind my subject has been a revelation.

At university I fell in love with a precise formula for π which involves alternatively adding and subtracting the odd fractions. I was taught in lectures that it was called the Leibniz formula, after the great 18th-century German mathematician Gottfried Leibniz, who discovered it using the powerful new tool of calculus for which he and Isaac Newton became so famous.

It therefore came as a huge shock to me to discover recently that a school of Indian mathematicians in Kerala in south India arrived at this formula several centuries earlier. It should, in fact, be called the Madhava formula, in honour of the Hindu scholar who first hit upon it.

π was not the only great mathematical discovery made in India. Negative numbers and zero - concepts that in Europe, as late as the 14th century, were viewed with huge suspicion - were being conjured with on the subcontinent as early as the seventh century.

The authorities in Florence temporarily "banned" the zero in 1299. Seeing how the mathematicians of the past wrestled with the same problems that contemporary students find difficult might help them realise that the discipline did not appear from nowhere. There is something empowering in knowing that mathematicians used to have trouble with the concept of zero and negative numbers.

Some eminent mathematicians made their breakthroughs while at school. The revolutionary French scholar Evariste Galois discovered a new language for symmetry as a schoolboy before he was killed in a duel at the age of 20 over love and politics. Some even went mad doing their maths. Georg Cantor spent many years in a mental asylum after contemplating the infinite.

Stories like these can bring the subject alive for those who find the excitement of pure mathematics hard to tap into. It's not as if mathematics and history are so far removed from each other; maths has an inbuilt historical narrative. Each generation builds on the foundations of results proved by those who had gone before.

Unlike in the other sciences, mathematical theories are not overturned; the discoveries of the ancient Egyptians are as true as they ever were. Students who learn to calculate the area of a circle using π, or the volume of a pyramid using calculus, are treading in the footsteps of 5,000 years of mathematicians.

The Egyptians needed such formulas to calculate how to tax pieces of land carved out by the winding Nile, or to know how many bricks to use in the pyramids of Giza. Today, when footballers position themselves in the box to tee up an incoming free kick, they are solving quadratic equations, a formula which, according to workings found on Babylonian clay tablets, was being applied as early as 1800BC.

Until recently, I didn't know a lot about the history of my subject. I believed that what matters most is the mathematics. If you understand the theorems and the proofs, is it important who created them or in what circumstances? The way we are taught in school and at university reinforces this ahistorical message.

Sure, it is possible to teach mathematics as pure reason that transcends cultural and national boundaries; that mathematics is a universal language is one of its attractions. But it is important to recognise that it is created by people. The stories of why they battled to solve quadratic equations and invent calculus provide a powerful motivation for one's own journey across the mathematical landscape.

I am certainly not advocating watering down the rigorous side of the subject. When you are learning a musical instrument you'll get nowhere without the graft of doing your scales and arpeggios. But supplement this with some of the tales of where mathematics has come from and we might be on to a more engaging approach to learning maths.

Marcus du Sautoy is Professor of Mathematics at Wadham College, Oxford. His new television series, The Story of Maths, starts on BBC4 on Monday at 9pm.

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Isaac Newton is said to have tried calculating it just to idle away the hours and made it as far as 15 decimal places. Today, a computer can easily calculate it to billions of digits, which must have helped Kate Bush write her song about π, in which she recites it to the 137th decimal place.

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Igor Bush,akin / If maths is boring, what is the answer?(part 1)

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Igor Bush,akin / If maths is boring, what is the answer?(part 1)

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The article tells about the number Pi and the problems of modern education. This number is found in almost all of the exact sciences. First the ancient Egyptians came up how to identify the Pi value, and today it is possible to calculate the values ​​to several billion. Children find math boring science, but this happening is because of the wrong approach to the study of the subject. Need to tell students about the history of the origin of numbers and mathematical theorems, rather than forcing them to memorize.

Key words:

effort — усилие, попытка, достижение
enigmatic — загадочный, таинственный
equation — уравнение
estimate (estimated)— оценивать, производить оценку
fraction — дробь
grab (grabbed) — захватывать, хватать, схватить
halt (halted) — останавливать
intriguing — увлекательный
involve (involved) — включать в себя, содержать
millennium — тысячелетие claim (claimed) — требовать, утверждать
crop up (cropped up) — возникать; делать ошибку
decimal — десятичный; сущ. десятичная дробь
deprive (deprived) — лишать
derive (derived) — получать, выводить
doubt — сомнение, колебание
drawing up — составление (сводок, таблиц) across — сквозь; через; от края до края
application — применение, использование
approximation — приближённое значение; приблизительное соответствие
arrive (arrived) — прибывать, выходить, достигать
captivate (captivated) — очаровывать
circumference — длина окружности mindless — бессмысленный, глупый
obsession — страстное увлечение
ought — выражает долженствование
parrot (parroted; parroted) — зубрить, механически повторять
pupil — ученик; воспитанник
recite (recited) — перечислять, излагать
regime — режим; система,
revelation — открытие
rough — примерный, приблизительный
solely — исключительно, только
thereabouts — около, приблизительно
unearthing — раскапывание

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Isaac Newton is said to have tried calculating it just to idle away the hours and made it as far as 15 decimal places. Today, a computer can easily calculate it to billions of digits, which must have helped Kate Bush write her song about π, in which she recites it to the 137th decimal place.

Who said maths was boring? And yet, many children are bored in the classroom. A report published by Ofsted last month claimed that pupils are simply turned off by the parrot learning of formulas to solve quadratic equations and the mindless application of the rules of trigonometry.

An obsession with teaching children solely to jump the hurdles of the testing regime is depriving a generation of a deeper understanding of the subject. Mathematics is taught as if it was handed down in some vast textbook with little context of where it came from.

Everyone responds to good stories and mathematics is full of them, so why deprive students of the wonderful dramatis personae that have created our subject? As a professional mathematician, I have found that unearthing the stories behind my subject has been a revelation.

At university I fell in love with a precise formula for π which involves alternatively adding and subtracting the odd fractions. I was taught in lectures that it was called the Leibniz formula, after the great 18th-century German mathematician Gottfried Leibniz, who discovered it using the powerful new tool of calculus for which he and Isaac Newton became so famous.

It therefore came as a huge shock to me to discover recently that a school of Indian mathematicians in Kerala in south India arrived at this formula several centuries earlier. It should, in fact, be called the Madhava formula, in honour of the Hindu scholar who first hit upon it.

π was not the only great mathematical discovery made in India. Negative numbers and zero - concepts that in Europe, as late as the 14th century, were viewed with huge suspicion - were being conjured with on the subcontinent as early as the seventh century.

The authorities in Florence temporarily "banned" the zero in 1299. Seeing how the mathematicians of the past wrestled with the same problems that contemporary students find difficult might help them realise that the discipline did not appear from nowhere. There is something empowering in knowing that mathematicians used to have trouble with the concept of zero and negative numbers.

Some eminent mathematicians made their breakthroughs while at school. The revolutionary French scholar Evariste Galois discovered a new language for symmetry as a schoolboy before he was killed in a duel at the age of 20 over love and politics. Some even went mad doing their maths. Georg Cantor spent many years in a mental asylum after contemplating the infinite.

Stories like these can bring the subject alive for those who find the excitement of pure mathematics hard to tap into. It's not as if mathematics and history are so far removed from each other; maths has an inbuilt historical narrative. Each generation builds on the foundations of results proved by those who had gone before.

Unlike in the other sciences, mathematical theories are not overturned; the discoveries of the ancient Egyptians are as true as they ever were. Students who learn to calculate the area of a circle using π, or the volume of a pyramid using calculus, are treading in the footsteps of 5,000 years of mathematicians.

The Egyptians needed such formulas to calculate how to tax pieces of land carved out by the winding Nile, or to know how many bricks to use in the pyramids of Giza. Today, when footballers position themselves in the box to tee up an incoming free kick, they are solving quadratic equations, a formula which, according to workings found on Babylonian clay tablets, was being applied as early as 1800BC.

Until recently, I didn't know a lot about the history of my subject. I believed that what matters most is the mathematics. If you understand the theorems and the proofs, is it important who created them or in what circumstances? The way we are taught in school and at university reinforces this ahistorical message.

Sure, it is possible to teach mathematics as pure reason that transcends cultural and national boundaries; that mathematics is a universal language is one of its attractions. But it is important to recognise that it is created by people. The stories of why they battled to solve quadratic equations and invent calculus provide a powerful motivation for one's own journey across the mathematical landscape.

I am certainly not advocating watering down the rigorous side of the subject. When you are learning a musical instrument you'll get nowhere without the graft of doing your scales and arpeggios. But supplement this with some of the tales of where mathematics has come from and we might be on to a more engaging approach to learning maths.

Marcus du Sautoy is Professor of Mathematics at Wadham College, Oxford. His new television series, The Story of Maths, starts on BBC4 on Monday at 9pm.

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Isaac Newton is said to have tried calculating it just to idle away the hours and made it as far as 15 decimal places. Today, a computer can easily calculate it to billions of digits, which must have helped Kate Bush write her song about π, in which she recites it to the 137th decimal place.

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Igor Bushmakin / Computer game Tetris celebrates 25 years

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Igor Bushmakin / Computer game Tetris celebrates 25 years

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The article tells the story of the emergence of Tetris game and its development.  Tetris was created by a Soviet programmer Alexey Pajitnov. He wrote this game for fun and did not expect that the game would be so popular.

Key words:

earn (earned; earned) — зарабатывать
fall (fell; fallen) — падать/упасть
handheld — карманный
launch (launched) — начинать, запускать
major — главный, большой
nearly — почти
rather — довольно, скорее, несколько according — соответственно
anniversary — годовщина
available — пригодный
care - забота, уход
complicated (complicated; complicated) — усложнять
describe (described; described) — описывать
despite — несмотря на
distract (distracted; distracted) — отвлекать
diversion — отклонение, обход
record-breaking — побивающий предыдущий рекорд
released (released; released) — выпускать
revert (reverted; reverted) - возвращаться/вернуться
variously — различно royalty — королевская власть; авторский гонорар

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The game was created by Alexey Pajitnov, a computer engineer who was working for the Computing Centre of the Soviet Academy of Sciences.

It has sold more than 70 million copies, been released for nearly every video-game platform of the past two decades and even been played on the side of a skyscraper.

The game was first made available on the IBM computer, but it didn't become a major hit until it was launched on Nintendo's Game Boy handheld console in 1989. According to The Tetris Co., the Game Boy version of Tetris sold more than 35 million copies.

Despite the record-breaking popularity of Mr Pajitnov's creation, the royalties from the game were claimed by the Kremlin rather than the Russian programmer.

He finally began earning money from the game after he moved to the US and the rights reverted back to him in 1996.

Mr Pajitnov, speaking in an interview with the Guardian newspaper, described how he came up with the idea to distract him from his work on a large Soviet-built Elektronika 60 computer.

He said: "I started to put together all kinds of mathematical puzzles and diversions that I had loved all my life.

"The program wasn't complicated. There was no scoring, no levels. But I started playing and I couldn't stop.

"I think that most of the classic games written in the 80s or early 90s are dead just because their authors or owners didn't care about them."

He chose the name Tetris by combining the words "tennis", his favourite sport, and "tetra", a Greek prefix. The variously shaped groups of blocks that fall down the screen are called tetrominoes.

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Computer game Tetris celebrates 25 years

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The game was created by Alexey Pajitnov, a computer engineer who was working for the Computing Centre of the Soviet Academy of Sciences. It has sold more than 70 million copies, been released for nearly every video-game platform of the past two decades and even been played on the side of a skyscraper.

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Igor Bushmakin / UK man lands 'world's best job'

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Igor Bushmakin / UK man lands 'world's best job'

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The article tells about Ben Southall, 34, a british charity fundraiser. He is a man who got a better the best job in the world. He describes how he was choosen. His workplace is a picture-perfect island island with a three bedroom beach home. His main duty is to doing photo diary, video updates, interviews and enjoy the tropical Queensland climate and lifestyle.

Key words:

deliberately — преднамеренно, обдуманно
diary — дневник
emerge (emerged; emerged) — появляться; выясняться
expect (expected; expected) — ожидать
field — область, поле; зд. участники состязания
amid — среди
applicant — претендент
appoint (appointed; appointed) — назначать, предписывать
arduous — трудный
caretaker — смотритель, временно исполняющий обязанности, опекун
charity — милосердие; благотворительный
decline — снижение, спад fill the boots  — заменить кого-либо, занять чьё-либо место fundraiser — сборщик денег honour — честь involve (involved; involved) — вовлекать, содержать land (landed; landed) — добиться (чего-л.), выиграть launch (launched; launched) — начинать, запускать, спускать на воду profile — заметность, примечательность require (required; required) — требовать, нуждаться response — реакция, ответ responsibilities — обязанности rigorous — строгий rival — конкурент salary — зарплата snorkel — трубка; (snorkeled; snorkeled) плавать thoroughly — полностью, действительно undergoing — прохождение, перенесение vanquish (vanquished; vanquished) — побеждать

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A British man has been appointed the new caretaker of an Australian tropical island, a six-month position described as "the best job in the world".
Ben Southall, 34, a charity fundraiser from Petersfield, Hampshire, emerged from a field of over 34,000 applicants.

His new job requires Mr Southall to live and report from Hamilton Island, on Queensland's Great Barrier Reef.

The process gave a global profile to Australian tourism, which has gone into decline amid the worldwide recession.

Mr Southall was chosen from among 16 finalists competing for the A$150,000 (£73,500; $110,000) position.
Island blog
He was named as the successful candidate in a reality TV-style ceremony by Tourism Queensland.

Mr Southall said: "To go away now as the island caretaker for Tourism Queensland and the Great Barrier Reef is an extreme honour.

"I hope I can fill the boots as much as everybody is expecting. My swimming is hopefully up to standard and I look forward to all the new roles and responsibilities that the task involves."

Mr Southall, who was congratulated by his vanquished rivals as his name was announced, will now begin the arduous task of preparing for life alone on the picture-perfect island.

As well as the salary, the post of caretaker at Hamilton Island comes with a three bedroom beach home, a swimming pool and golf cart.

The job description requires Mr Southall "to explore the islands of the Great Barrier Reef, swim, snorkel, make friends with the locals and generally enjoy the tropical Queensland climate and lifestyle".

As a thoroughly modern caretaker, Mr Southall will also be expected to report back to Tourism Queensland and the world via blogs, a photo diary, video updates and interviews.

He was chosen after the finalists spent four days on Hamilton Island undergoing a rigorous selection process involving snorkelling, barbecues and time at a spa.

The finalists also had to demonstrate their blogging abilities, take swimming tests and sit through in-person interviews.

The BBC's Nick Bryant, in Sydney, says Tourism Queensland deliberately chose to launch the campaign back in January, in the midst of the northern hemisphere winter, but did not expect anywhere near the global response.

Web users viewed the online job description from almost every country except North Korea and a few African states, our correspondent reports.

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A British man has been appointed the new caretaker of an Australian tropical island, a six-month position described as "the best job in the world". Ben Southall, 34, a charity fundraiser from Petersfield, Hampshire, emerged from a field of over 34,000 applicants.

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Igor Bushmakin / Television is doing Irreparable Harm 

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Igor Bushmakin / Television is doing Irreparable Harm 

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The text is about our life before the appearance of TV and life after. With the advent of television, our life starts to be regulated by the TV-program. TV is a universal demulcent, which distracts us from the real issues in life. TV delivers passive pleasure and makes us lazy. Only when we realize that TV is not real, then we can enjoy the natural life.

Key words:

admit — допускать
occupy — занимать
goggle box —телевизор
gulp — быстро глотать, проглатывать не разжевывая
dare — отваживаться, осмеливаться
rubbishy — пустяковый, вздорный
prevent from — мешать, не допускать, оберегать

Link: http://lingualeo.ru/jungle/71311

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Igor Bushmakin / Internet and Modern Life

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Igor Bushmakin / Internet and Modern Life

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The text is about how the Internet is associated with our modern life.  He It tells the story of the emergence of the Internet and his its future development. The text explains that the Internet is a convenient and economical means of communication people. But at the same time, it has disadvantages, such as problems with security of information and control.

Key words:

network — сеть
to embrace — охватывать, окружать  to design — задумывать, придумывать, разрабатывать nuclear war — ядерная война  to pollute — загрязнять  path — путь, маршрут packet switching — пакетное переключение accurate — точный
to count — считать, сосчитать
approximately— приблизительно, примерно
to receive — получать to provide — снабжать, обеспечивать
reliable — надежный to intercept — перехватить
to encode — кодировать, шифровать
notwithstanding — однако, все же
to crack — взломать
huge — большой, огромный
to circulate — передвигаться в пределах чего-то
tremendous —огромный, гигантский

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Научная электронная библиотека

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The history of Internet began in the United States in 1969. It was a military experiment, designed to help to survive during a nuclear war, when everything around might be polluted by radiation and it would be dangerous to get out for any living being to get some information to anywhere.