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A.) Ingestion- Initial step where food is taken into the body through the mouth.

B.) Digestion- Breakdown of complex food molecules into smaller, absorbable components through the action of digestive enzymes secreated by various organs like the salivary glands, stomach, and pancreas.

C.) Absorption- Once digested, the nutrients are absorbed from the digestive tract into the bloodstream through the lining of the small intestine, which is specifically designed to maximize absorption with villi and microviolli.

Digestive system is the process of breaking down food into substances that the body can use for energy, growth, and tissue repair. The digestive system is a network of organs that perform this function, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, large intestines, rectum and anas. It also absorbs nutrients from food into the bloodstream. These nutrients include carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water. It also excretes wasted products, such as undigested food, fluid, and older cells from the lining of the gastrointestinal tract.

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A.) Heart- This muscular organ is responsible for contracting and pumping blood through out the circulatory system, creating the pressure needed for blood flow.

B.) Blood Vessels- 1.) arteries; carrying blood away from the. 2.) veins; carrying blood back to the heart. 3.) capillaries; tiny vessels where gas exchange occurs between blood and tissue.

C.) Blood- the fluid component of the circulatory system, carrying oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body.

The system that contains the heart and the blood vessels and moves blood throughout the body. This system helps tissues get enough oxygen, and nutrients, and it helps them get rid of waste products.

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A.)Large Surface Area- the alveoli in the lungs have a vast surface area, maximizing the contact between air & blood, which is crucial for efficient gas exchange.

B.) Thin Walls- the walls of the alveoli are very thin, allowing for easy diffusion of oxygen from the air into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide from the blood into the air.

C.) Rich Blood Supply- dense network of capillaries surrounds the alveoli, providing a readily available blood supply to carry oxygen to the body's tissues and carbon dioxide away.

The lungs and respiratory system allows us to breathe. They bring oxygen into our bodies called inspiration or exhalation. This exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide is called respiration. When you breathe in, air enters your lungs, and oxygen from that air moves to your blood. At the same time, carbon dioxide, a waste gas, moves from your blood to the lungs and is exhaled (breath out ). This process, called gas exchange, is essential for life.

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A.) Growth & Development- hormones like growth hormone, produced by the pituitary gland, are crucial for proper body growth and development from childhood to adulthood.

B.) Metabolism- hormones from the thyroid gland regulate metabolic rate, impacting how efficiently the body uses energy.

C.) Reproduction- hormones like estrogen and progesterone (from ovaries) and testosterone (from testes) control sexual development and reproductive cycles.

An organ that makes hormones that are released directly into the blood and travels to tissues and organs all over the body. Endocrine glands help control many body functions including, growth and development, metabolism, and fertility.

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A.) Bones- provide the body with shape, protect organs, and stores minerals like calcium.

B.) Muscles- help control movement and some body systems, such as digestion.

C.) Joints- connects bones and allows for movement.

The musculoskeletal system is essential for human health. It allows for movement, protects vital organs, and interacts with other organs through biochemical signaling. The system also changes as people age. The musculoskeletal system includes bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, joints, cartilage, and connective tissue.

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A.) Sensory Input- involves detecting stimuli from the external environment, through sensory organs like eyes, ears, and skin & sending that information to the central nervous system (brain & spinal cord) as electrical signals.

B.) Intergration- once sensory information reaches the central nervous system, it is processed, analyzed, and interpreted to make sense of the incoming data. This involves complex functions like memory, decision-making, and emotion.

C.) Motor Output- based on integrated information, the nervous system sends signals to muscles to initiate a response, which could be voluntary action like moving a limb or an involuntary action like regulating heart rate.

The main function in the nervous system is to send messages from various parts of your body to your brain, and from your brain back out to your body to tell your body what to do. Essentially, a nervous system is an organisms control center. A network of neurons which send communications between and across different parts of the body. Nervous system collects and processes sensory information from outside (and inside) the body controls all behaviors, from eating to sleeping, to finding a mate.

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A.)Specificity- the immune system can distinguish between different types of pathogens and only react to specific antigens, meaning it won't attack the body's own cells.

B.) The immune system can recognize a vast array of potential pathogens due to a large repertoire of immune cells with different antigen receptors.

C.) Memory- once exposed to a pathogen, the immune system retains information about it, allowing for a faster and stronger response if the same pathogen is encountered again.

These characteristics primarily relate to the adaptive immune system, allowing it to recognize and effectively target specific pathogens while remembering previous encounters to mount a faster response in the future.

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A.) Gamete Production - both male and female organisms produce specialized reproductive cells called gametes (sperm in makes, eggs in females ) through a process called meiosis, which ensures genetic diversity.

B.)Fertilization- when a male Gamete (sperm) meets a female Gamete (eggs) they fuse together to form a zygote, marking the beginning of a new individuals development.

C.) Zygote- development of a new organisms, the zygote undergoes cell division and differeniation to form an embryo, which eventually develops into a fully formed organisms.

The primary function of the reproductive system is to produce offspring by combining male and female gametes (sperm & egg) through fertilization. Different organs with in the reproductive system include gonads (overies in females, testes in males) which produces gametes, ducts for transporting gametes and external genitalia. The reproductive system is heavily regulated by hormones like estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone, which control the menstrual cycle in females and sperm production in males. Reproduction is a biological process by which an organisms reproduces an offspring that is biologically similar to the organism. Reproduction enables and ensures the continuity of species, generation after generation. It is the main feature of life on earth.

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Https://images.app.goo.gl/HHLuHkXJS95gekF77

Https://images.app.goo.gl.8DLFbseMUqh1ttFQ8

Https://images.app.goo.gl./UFBY3gSax23915Ad8

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Https://images.app.goo.gl/xdgASKWcXccY3xhy6

Https://images.app.goo.gl/8LMNLNT5okwrTrej8

Https://www.cancer.gov

Https://www.kidshealth.org

Https://my.clevelandclinic.org

Https://www.khanacademy.org

Https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov

Https://bio.libretexts.org

Fowler, S., Roush, R. & Wise, J. (2023, January 9) Concepts of Biology. Open Stax College.