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-French and British went to war in North America

-Ended salutary neglect when Parliament taxed the colonies to pay for the war

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-Tax on royal notarization

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-British and Colonial troops clash to begin the Revolutionary War

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-Written to England and the rest of the world

-Stated that the government should secure man's natural rights of "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness"

-Said King George III had violated their rights

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-1st attempt at a gov between the former 13 colonies

-State govs had most of the power

-Only legislature (no executive or judiciary)

-Negotiated Treaty of Paris

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-Final battle of the Revolutionary War

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-Negotiation that ended the Revolutionary War

-england agreed with it compared to the Declaration of Independence

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-Trying to reunite the 13 states with a central government

-Created a currency for across states (to control interstate commerce)

-Gave central government power to make treaties with other countries

-Federal System was established

-Couldn't decide on representation in Congress, counting slaves as part of the population, or the Slave trade compromise

-Wrote the Constitution

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-Believed that the political parties would be an problem bcs they'd find each other's issues and fight

-Articles of Confederation are gone

-Constitution has been ratified after Bill of Rights was written

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-Began "Jeffersonian Democracy"

-Power transferred from federal government to the states

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-Jefferson wanted the Louisiana land, and Napoleon needed money, so he sold the Land for $15 mil, even though Jefferson wasn't supposed to bcs of the Constitution

-Got away with it due to loose interpretation

-Made land cheap -> more men had land -> now wasn't necessary to own land to vote

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-Most important case in Marshall Court

-Established Judicial review

-The power of the court to overturn a law if it is unconstitutional

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-Major advances in transportation, communication, and industry drastically changed the US

-Some elements:

-Lowell Mills, Immigration, Westward expansion, tariff troubles

Before

Agriculturally focused

Dependent on trade w/ Europe

Average worker = farmer

After

Industrially focused

Self-sustaining

Average worker = factory worker

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1. Maine is added to the Us as a free soil state

2. Missouri is added to the US as a slave state

3. A line is drawn at 36;30 to divide slave/ free soils states in the future

This would keep the free soil/ slave balance in Congress

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Henry Clay's American System Proposed - 1824

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Henry Clay's American System Proposed - 1824

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-Proposed "The American System" where the North and West both vote for the tariff

North

wanted: tariffs bcs the protected businesses from foreign comp

got: tariffs to protect businesses

South

wanted: no tariffs because they raised prices on goods

got: nothing...

West

wanted: nothing to do with it/ focused on developing the frontier

got: Tariff money that could be used for internal improvements (roads, bridges, etc)

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-The Cherokee were kicked off their land

-In GA, they became farmers, but then gold was found on their land, and the state tries to take their land

-Not legal

-Jackson take the land anyways

-Forced back to Oklahoma; 1/3 die on the trail

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-When the South got nothing out of the American system, they refused to comply with the new law (declared law null and void)

-Jackson is furios and threatens to use Federal force if they don't comply

-They reach some sort of compromise and South Carolina backs down, but nullification is still an option for them

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1. Slavery should never exist in any territory taken during the MX war

2. Failed in Senate

3. Proof of N/S unbalance in Congress

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-There is gold found in CA in 1848

-300,000 people from the East rush to the West

-They finally get there in 1849 aka 49ers

-Lots of people in CA: influx

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1. North is free soil- Gets California bcs slaves aren't necessary

2. South is slave states- MX territory decided by Popular Sovreignty

People got to vote to determine whether it should be free/ slave

3. Fugitive State law created

everyone hates some part of it

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Allowing Kansas and Nebraska to discontinue the Missouri Compromise and decide whether they were free-soil/ slave state because of popular soverginty

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1000's of settlers came to Kansas to determine status

John brown is credited with starting the CW bcs he and his family killed 5 pro-slavery settlers

Bcs Pres. Buchanan supported pro-slavery, the Northern Democrats left the party and became Republicans

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-Dred Scott sued his master for his freedom

-Wasn't supposed to be allowed to sue anyone because he was a slave

-Also declared the Missouri Compromise to be unconstitutional

-Congress could no longer make laws restricting slavery's expansion

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-John Brown led a raid at Harpers Ferry (Federal Arsenal)

-The goal was to arm slaves for a rebellion

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-North wanted to fight to preserve the Union

-South wanted to fight to preserve their way of life (including slavery) and to defend states' rights

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-Republicans -> Northern Party

-nominate Lincoln for pres. because he is free-soil

-Democrats -> split between N/S

Lincoln WON

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-Fired upon by the Confederacy

-Lincoln sends supplies through ships (fired upon)

-Starts the Civil War

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-Lincoln hesitates to free the slaves

-A "military measure" against the Confederacy

-Made it hypocritical for England to buy cotton from the US when they had already abolished slavery

-Didn't free all slaves- only the ones in states of rebellion (CSA)

-Allowed AA's to enlist in the Union Army

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-Gettysburg

-Bloodiest battle (3 days long)

-Vicksburg

-Bloodiest single DAY

-Union won both

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-Grant lead 100,000 men from Atlanta to Savannah

-Destroyed everything in their path

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-Lee surrenders to Grant

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-The Union is preserved

-Slaves are freed

-Federal courts ruled that secession was null & void

-The discussion of states’ rights continues today…

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-Ended slavery to solve the the question of slavery entirely

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-The Radical Republicans' way to deal with the South

-Treat them as conquered territory

-The Union army would now split and occupy the confederacy in 5 districts

-Soldiers would enforce the Reconstruction amendments

-Troops would stay until states agreed to ratify the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments.

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-States:

-Birth in the US= citizenship

-Equal protection for all citizens

-Due process required before taking life, liberty, or property

to overturn the Dred Scott decision

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-States that all males can vote

-To ensure more votes for Republicans

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-Hayes would be allowed presidency if Federal troops were removed from AA's so that they could fend for themselves

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-Supreme Court decided if separate black and white facilities are equal, then then that kind of discrimination would be legal