# data[].attributes.body
Reading comprehension is the fundamental purpose of engaging with written text. It involves not only deciphering the words on a page but also understanding, connecting, and internalizing the content. Proficiency in reading comprehension is crucial for academic success and lifelong learning.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Comprehension is the reason for reading. If readers can read the words but do not understand or connect to what they are reading, they are not really reading. Good readers are both purposeful and active, and have the skills to absorb what they read, analyze it, make sense of it, and make it their own.

# data[].attributes.body
This TED video "The Linguistic Genius of Babies" embarks on a journey into the intricate workings of infant brain development, leveraging modern neuroscience tools to uncover profound insights. It explores how language acquisition, social interaction, and cognitive processes shape the foundation of a child's mind.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The linguistic genius of babies - Patricia Kuhl

# data[].attributes.body
1. Encourage teachers and parents to expose children to a variety of languages from an early age, either through storytelling, songs, or simple conversations.

2. Create a language-rich environment where children can interact with adults and peers using different languages, fostering statistical learning similar to what infants experience.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Understanding how infants acquire language and develop reading basics provides invaluable insights into the intricate workings of the developing brain. Through techniques like neuroimaging and behavioral studies, scientists can observe neural activity associated with language acquisition, sound discrimination, and statistical learning, shedding light on fundamental processes of brain development.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Research into early language acquisition and reading basics helps identify potential developmental delays or learning difficulties in children from diverse backgrounds. By recognizing these challenges early on, educators and caregivers can provide targeted interventions to support all children, ensuring that no child is left behind.

2. By understanding the critical periods for language learning and brain development, educators can design inclusive and culturally responsive teaching strategies that meet the diverse needs of all children. This ensures that every child has access to quality education and the opportunity to reach their full potential, regardless of their background or circumstances.

# data[].attributes.body
The article explores the intricate relationship between speaking and listening skills and reading comprehension. Unlike innate traits such as hair or eye color, reading is a learned skill that relies on complex neurological processes. While speaking and listening are innate abilities, reading comprehension often lags behind, necessitating deliberate instructional approaches.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Speaking and Listening in Content Area Learning

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Oral language development facilitates print literacy. In this article, we focus on the ways in which teachers can ensure students' speaking and listening skills are developed. We provide a review of effective classroom routines, including some that can be enhanced with technology.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Read-Aloud Sessions: Teachers and families can conduct regular read-aloud sessions where they read engaging and age-appropriate texts to students, exposing them to rich vocabulary and complex ideas. Encourage active listening by asking comprehension questions and discussing the story together.

2. Listening Centers: Create listening centers in the classroom or at home where students can listen to audio recordings of stories or informational texts. Provide follow-up activities or discussion questions to reinforce comprehension and critical thinking skills.

3. Book Clubs or Reading Groups: Organize book clubs or reading groups within the classroom or community where students can discuss books they've read, share their thoughts, and engage in meaningful conversations about literature.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Science education requires students to engage with complex texts, whether they are informational articles, research papers, or textbooks. By enhancing listening comprehension, students can better understand scientific concepts presented orally, such as during lectures or discussions. Similarly, improved reading comprehension enables students to digest written scientific content more effectively, which is crucial for acquiring scientific knowledge and fostering scientific literacy.

2. Science is a collaborative endeavor that thrives on communication and the exchange of ideas. Speaking and listening skills are essential for students to effectively communicate their scientific thoughts, collaborate with peers during experiments or group projects, and engage in discussions about scientific concepts. Developing these skills enables students to participate actively in scientific inquiry, share their perspectives, and build upon the ideas of others, fostering critical thinking and collaborative problem-solving abilities.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Recognizing that each student learns differently, instructional strategies for speaking and listening accommodate diverse learning styles and preferences. By incorporating collaborative conversations, presentations, and interactive listening stations into classroom instruction, educators cater to the needs of auditory learners, visual learners, and kinesthetic learners alike. This inclusivity fosters a supportive learning environment where every student can thrive and succeed.

2. Speaking and listening activities not only enhance communication skills but also promote language development among students, including English language learners (ELLs) and students from linguistically diverse backgrounds. Engaging in meaningful conversations and discussions allows students to practice using academic language, express their ideas clearly, and build vocabulary in context. This approach empowers all students to become proficient communicators and active contributors to classroom discourse, regardless of their linguistic background.

3. Incorporating diverse voices and perspectives into speaking and listening activities fosters cultural responsiveness and promotes respect for diversity in the classroom. By encouraging students to engage in conversations with diverse partners, share their unique experiences, and build upon each other's ideas, educators create a culturally inclusive learning environment where every voice is valued and respected. This promotes empathy, understanding, and appreciation for the rich tapestry of human experiences, contributing to a more equitable and inclusive society.

# data[].attributes.body
Before children embark on the journey of reading printed text, it's crucial for them to grasp the fundamental understanding of how sounds in words function. This understanding lays the foundation for later reading success. Phonological and phonemic awareness are pivotal skills in early literacy, aiding children in recognizing and manipulating the sounds of spoken language.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Basics: Phonological and Phonemic Awareness

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Before children learn to read print, they need to become aware of how the sounds in words work. They must understand that words are made up of individual speech sounds, or phonemes. A child's skill in phonological and phonemic awareness is a good predictor of later reading success or difficulty.

# data[].attributes.body
The 4 levels of phonological awareness

# data[].attributes.body
In the Classroom:

1. Rhyming Games: Incorporate rhyming games into daily activities. Encourage students to identify words that rhyme and create rhyming pairs. Use rhyming picture books or songs to make it engaging.

2. Sentence Segmentation: Provide sentences for students to segment into individual words. Use manipulatives or word cards to physically separate the words, helping students understand the concept of word boundaries.

3. Syllable Sorting: Engage students in sorting activities where they categorize words based on the number of syllables. This can be done using picture cards or word lists.

At Home:

1. Kitchen Fun: Use everyday activities like cooking to reinforce phonological awareness. Have children identify words that start with the same sound or count the syllables in recipe ingredients.

2. Letter Sound Hunt: Go on a letter sound scavenger hunt around the house. Have children find objects that start with different sounds or letters.

3. Story Time: Read aloud to children and discuss the sounds and words in the story. Encourage them to predict rhymes or identify words with similar beginning or ending sounds.

4. Interactive Apps: Explore educational apps or online games designed to support phonological and phonemic awareness skills. Choose age-appropriate apps that engage children in interactive learning experiences.

# data[].attributes.body
1. In science, understanding and correctly pronouncing scientific terms is essential for comprehension. Phonological awareness helps children break down complex scientific terms into individual sounds, making them easier to understand and remember.

2. Science education often involves listening to lectures, participating in discussions, and following instructions for experiments. Phonological awareness enhances children's ability to listen carefully to spoken language, enabling them to comprehend scientific concepts more effectively.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Phonological and phonemic awareness assessments can help identify students who may be at risk for reading difficulties early on. By recognizing and addressing these challenges early, educators can provide targeted interventions to support these students, reducing the risk of long-term reading difficulties and promoting equity in educational outcomes.

2. Phonological and phonemic awareness activities can be particularly beneficial for English Language Learners (ELLs) who may be learning English as a second language. These activities help ELLs develop crucial phonological skills, enabling them to better understand and produce English sounds and words, thus promoting inclusivity in language learning.

3. Phonological and phonemic awareness instruction can help prevent reading disabilities such as dyslexia by strengthening the foundational skills needed for reading success. By providing all students with high-quality phonological and phonemic awareness instruction, educators can promote equity by ensuring that no child is left behind due to reading difficulties.

# data[].attributes.body
Phonics instruction is vital in helping children understand the relationship between letters and sounds in written language. This understanding, known as the alphabetic principle, is essential for reading. Decoding involves using these letter-sound relationships to pronounce printed words.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Phonics instruction teaches the relationships between the letters of written language and the sounds of spoken language. To read, children need to understand the alphabetic principle - the idea that letters represent the sounds of spoken language. Decoding is when we use letter-sound relationships to translate a printed word into speech.

# data[].attributes.body
In the Classroom:

1. Interactive Phonics Activities: Design hands-on activities where students can manipulate letters and sounds. For example, use letter cards or magnetic letters for students to build words and practice decoding.

2. Word Building Games: Incorporate word-building games into daily lessons. Provide students with letter tiles or blocks and challenge them to create words based on given sounds or patterns.

3. Phonics Centers: Set up phonics centers in the classroom with rotating activities focused on different letter-sound relationships. Include activities such as word sorts, matching games, and word puzzles.

4. Phonics Games: Incorporate phonics games into small group or whole class instruction. Play games like "I Spy," "Word Bingo," or "Phonics Tic-Tac-Toe" to reinforce letter-sound relationships.

At Home:

1. Family Reading Time: Establish a regular family reading time where children can practice decoding words with the support of parents or caregivers. Choose books that align with their phonics skill level and encourage them to sound out unfamiliar words.

2. Reading Aloud: Read aloud to children and model fluent reading, emphasizing letter-sound relationships. Pause to decode unfamiliar words together and discuss the strategies used to figure them out.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Science is replete with complex terminology, including scientific names, chemical formulas, and technical jargon. Phonics instruction helps students break down these terms into individual sounds, making them easier to understand and pronounce correctly. This is essential for comprehension and effective communication in scientific fields.

2. Phonics instruction is particularly beneficial for students with dyslexia or other reading disabilities. By providing systematic and explicit instruction in letter-sound relationships, phonics programs can significantly improve word recognition, spelling, and reading comprehension for these students.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Systematic and explicit phonics instruction caters to the diverse learning needs of students by providing structured and clear guidance in understanding letter-sound relationships. This approach supports students with learning disabilities, such as dyslexia, by breaking down reading into manageable steps and providing opportunities for practice and reinforcement.

2. Early and effective phonics instruction can help prevent reading difficulties by equipping students with the skills needed for successful reading comprehension. By starting phonics instruction in kindergarten or first grade, educators can intervene early and provide support to students at risk for reading disabilities, thus promoting equity in educational outcomes.

3. Phonics instruction supports multilingual students by helping them understand the sound structure of written language, regardless of their native language. By teaching the alphabetic principle, phonics instruction facilitates language acquisition and promotes inclusivity in language learning for students from diverse linguistic backgrounds.

# data[].attributes.body
Print awareness, also referred to as concepts of print, denotes an individual's comprehension that print carries meaning, with books containing letters and words. It encompasses an understanding of the purpose of books and their basic functionality, such as page-turning and identifying book components like titles and covers. Print awareness serves as a child's initial exposure to literacy.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Print awareness (also called concepts of print) is the understanding that print carries meaning, that books contain letters and words. Print awareness also includes an understanding of what books are used for and how a book "works" - how to turn pages, how to find the top and bottom of a page, and how to identify the title and the front and back covers.

# data[].attributes.body
Key Points:

1. Understanding Print Functions: Children grasp that print serves various functions based on its context, such as menus listing food options, books narrating stories, or signs conveying information or warnings.

2. Organizational Understanding: Print awareness involves recognizing the organization of print, including the left-to-right and top-to-bottom reading orientation, as well as the composition of words with letters and spaces.

3. Early Exposure to Print: Most children encounter print well before formal schooling through exposure to signs, books, labels, and other printed materials in their environment. Observing adults' interactions with print aids in recognizing its forms and functions.

4. Guided Learning: Understanding print mechanics doesn't occur spontaneously; it's facilitated by adults and peers who actively point out letters, words, and other print features. Regular reading, letter play, word games, and formal instruction further enhance print awareness.

5. Interactive Reading: Through shared reading experiences with adults, children learn about book features like author and illustrator names, titles, and page numbers. They also acquire skills related to book handling, such as page-turning and identifying covers.

6. Development of Word Concept: Children gradually grasp the concept of a "word" as a conveyer of meaning separated by spaces. They begin to discern differences in word lengths based on letter count.

# data[].attributes.body
Fluency is a crucial aspect of reading comprehension, encompassing the ability to read a text accurately, swiftly, and with appropriate expression. Fluent reading not only facilitates the navigation of lengthy or intricate texts but also serves as a pivotal link between word recognition and comprehension.

Fluent readers demonstrate the capacity to recognize words effortlessly, enabling them to swiftly group words and derive meaning from the text. Whether reading silently or aloud, fluent readers exhibit naturalness and ease in their delivery, reflecting a seamless integration of word recognition and comprehension processes.

In contrast, readers lacking fluency may struggle with decoding words, resulting in slow and choppy reading. Their focus on deciphering individual words detracts from their ability to grasp the broader meaning of the text.

By eliminating the need to concentrate on word decoding, fluent readers can allocate their cognitive resources towards understanding the text, making connections with their background knowledge, and extracting meaning from the content. In essence, fluency enables readers to simultaneously recognize words and comprehend the text, facilitating a deeper engagement with the material.

Conversely, less fluent readers often find themselves disproportionately consumed by the task of deciphering words, leaving limited cognitive capacity for comprehending the text's meaning.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Fluency is the ability to read a text accurately, quickly, and with expression.Fluent reading builds stamina for reading lengthy or complex texts. Reading fluency serves as a bridge between word recognition and comprehension.

# data[].attributes.body
In the Classroom:

1. Activate Prior Knowledge: Encourage students to share their own experiences related to the topic before reading. This could be done through group discussions, brainstorming sessions, or pre-reading activities.

2. Monitoring Understanding: Teach students to monitor their comprehension while reading by asking themselves questions like "Does this make sense?" or "Can I summarize what I just read?" Encourage them to use strategies like pausing to reflect, rereading confusing parts, or asking for clarification when needed.

3. Summarization Practice: Provide opportunities for students to practice summarizing texts by identifying main ideas, connecting key points, and eliminating irrelevant information. Encourage them to verbalize or write summaries in their own words.

At Home:

1. Shared Reading: Encourage parents to engage in shared reading activities with their children, where they take turns reading aloud and discussing the text together. This allows for modeling comprehension strategies and fostering meaningful conversations about the content.

# data[].attributes.body
1. In science, prior knowledge serves as the foundation upon which new concepts are built. Effective comprehension requires students to connect new information with what they already know, facilitating deeper understanding of scientific principles and phenomena.

2. Scientific texts are often dense and technical, containing intricate language and terminology. Skilled readers in science pay close attention to sentence structure and text cohesion to decipher the precise meanings of scientific terms and concepts, enabling accurate interpretation and application of scientific information.

3. Summarization is a critical skill in science, as it requires students to distill complex information into concise, coherent explanations. By summarizing scientific texts, students can identify key ideas, recognize patterns, and extract essential information, promoting comprehension and synthesis of scientific knowledge.

# data[].attributes.body
1. By developing strong comprehension skills, all students, regardless of their background or learning abilities, can access and understand a wide range of texts. This ensures that everyone has an equal opportunity to engage with educational materials and acquire essential knowledge.

2. Reading comprehension involves drawing on prior knowledge and experiences, including cultural backgrounds and linguistic diversity. By valuing and incorporating students' diverse perspectives and experiences into reading instruction, educators can create a more inclusive learning environment that celebrates and respects cultural differences.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Word Walls: Create a word wall in the classroom or at home featuring key vocabulary words from reading materials. Encourage students to interact with the words by using them in sentences, discussing their meanings, and connecting them to related concepts.

2. Vocabulary Journals: Provide students with vocabulary journals where they can record new words encountered during reading. Encourage them to write definitions, synonyms, antonyms, and sentences using the words. Review and discuss entries regularly.

3. Word Exploration: Encourage students to explore words beyond their definitions. Discuss nuances in meaning, word origins, and usage in different contexts. Use multimedia resources such as videos and online dictionaries to enhance understanding.

# data[].attributes.body
Vocabulary is foundational to reading comprehension, facilitating both understanding and effective communication. Jane Yolen aptly describes words as "a small magic" that unlocks the world, emphasizing their significance in learning and understanding.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Vocabulary plays a fundamental role in the reading process and is critical to reading comprehension. Children learn the meanings of most words indirectly, through everyday experiences with oral and written language. Other words are learned through carefully designed instruction.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Science involves a vast array of specialized terms and technical language. Without a strong vocabulary, students may struggle to comprehend the complex concepts and principles inherent in scientific disciplines such as biology, chemistry, physics, and earth sciences.

2. In scientific discourse, precise terminology is essential for clarity and accuracy. Scientists use specific vocabulary to describe phenomena, processes, and observations with precision, ensuring that their ideas are communicated accurately to others in the field.

3. Science is interconnected with other academic disciplines, including mathematics, language arts, and social studies. A strong vocabulary enhances students' ability to make connections between different subject areas, facilitating interdisciplinary learning and deeper understanding of complex topics.

# data[].attributes.body
1. For students from linguistically diverse backgrounds or those who are English language learners (ELLs), building vocabulary is essential for developing proficiency in the language of instruction. By providing direct instruction and exposure to a variety of words, educators support language development and inclusion for all students.

2. A strong vocabulary is crucial for reading comprehension. Students who struggle with vocabulary may face barriers to understanding text, which can hinder their academic progress. By employing both indirect and direct vocabulary instruction methods, educators can support students in comprehending texts and accessing the curriculum effectively.

# data[].attributes.body
Writing is a multifaceted skill encompassing vocabulary, understanding of genre and structure, mechanical proficiency, organization, and critical thinking. It mirrors a child's reading development, starting with print awareness and progressing to meaningful expression. Effective writing requires explicit instruction and ample practice.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Writing is a complex process that requires a wide range of skills — a strong vocabulary; an understanding of genre, text structure, and voice; basic mechanical skills (grammar and punctuation); organizational skills; and higher order thinking.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Vocabulary Development:

Teachers can incorporate vocabulary-building activities into writing lessons, such as word banks, vocabulary games, and discussions about word choice.

2. Understanding of Genre and Text Structure:

Teachers can introduce various genres of writing through reading examples and discussing their unique characteristics.

Families can read different types of texts with children and discuss their structures and purposes.

3. Basic Mechanical Skills:

Teachers can provide explicit instruction on spelling, capitalization, punctuation, handwriting, and sentence structure, followed by regular practice activities.

4. Organizational Skills:

Teachers can teach students strategies for organizing their ideas before writing, such as brainstorming, outlining, or graphic organizers.

# data[].attributes.body
1. In science, clear communication is paramount. Scientists must convey complex ideas and findings in a precise and understandable manner. Developing skills such as word choice, elaboration of detail, and clarity of expression (as mentioned in text generation) enables scientists to effectively communicate their research to peers and the broader community.

2. Scientific writing often follows specific structures and conventions format for research papers. Understanding organizational skills helps scientists present their work in a logical and coherent manner, aiding comprehension and facilitating the dissemination of knowledge.

3. Scientists often write for different audiences, such as peers, policymakers, educators, or the general public. Being able to adapt writing style and content to suit the needs and knowledge levels of specific audiences enhances the impact and accessibility of scientific communication.

4. Rigorous revision and editing are integral parts of the scientific writing process. Scientists continually refine their work to ensure accuracy, clarity, and coherence. Through feedback from peers and mentors, they refine their writing skills and improve the quality of their scientific communication.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Ensuring all students master spelling, punctuation, and grammar promotes equity by providing a level playing field. Students from diverse backgrounds may face different challenges in learning these mechanics, so explicit instruction and support are essential to ensure all students have the opportunity to develop these skills.

2. Teaching students how to plan, revise, and edit their work helps level the playing field by providing strategies for success. Students who may struggle initially with writing can benefit from learning these processes, which empower them to refine their work over time and achieve academic success.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Repeated Reading: Encourage students to repeatedly read short passages or texts aloud. This practice helps improve fluency by increasing familiarity with the text and building confidence in reading.

2. Modeling Fluent Reading: Teachers and family members can model fluent reading by reading aloud to students, emphasizing expression, intonation, and natural pacing. This demonstrates what fluent reading sounds like and provides a positive example for students to emulate.

3. Audio Books: Provide access to audio books for students to listen to while following along with the text. Hearing fluent reading models can help students internalize rhythm, intonation, and pacing.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Science texts often contain intricate concepts and relationships that require deep comprehension. Fluent readers can focus their cognitive resources on understanding these concepts rather than getting bogged down in decoding words, leading to better understanding and retention of scientific content.

2. Fluent reading contributes to the development of effective communication skills in science. Students who can read scientific literature fluently are better prepared to communicate their ideas, findings, and arguments in written and oral formats.

3. Scientific research articles and textbooks can be lengthy and dense. Fluency builds the stamina necessary for sustained reading of lengthy scientific texts, allowing students to delve deeper into complex scientific topics without fatigue or frustration.

# data[].attributes.body
1. By focusing less on decoding words and more on understanding the meaning of the text, fluent readers can make connections between the ideas presented and their own background knowledge. This allows for a more inclusive learning environment where students from different cultural, linguistic, and socio-economic backgrounds can engage meaningfully with the material.

2. Teachers can use fluency as a tool for differentiated instruction, tailoring reading activities to meet the needs of individual students. By identifying and supporting students who may struggle with fluency, educators can provide targeted interventions to help them improve their reading skills and access the curriculum more effectively.

# data[].attributes.body
Diane Lapp's podcast offers a realistic view of teaching kids how to read and write, catering to diverse student populations with varying skill levels and cultural backgrounds. Her work focuses on planning and assessing fair and targeted learning strategies, especially in struggling urban schools. It emphasizes the significance of teaching phonological awareness and fostering positive behavior in students with below-average performance. Generally, a student's success hinges on the effectiveness of their teacher, who must tailor their approach to each student. Teachers are continually evolving and refining their skills through years of practice and experience. In today's educational landscape, teachers face numerous expectations and demands. Being an effective educator entails not only imparting knowledge but also embracing continuous learning and adapting to new methods and ideas.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Dr. Diane Lapp is known for her research and instruction regarding issues related to the planning and assessment of intentional and equitable instruction and learning, especially for students in low performing schools in urban areas. Diane has authored, co authored and edited numerous articles, columns, blogs, texts, handbooks and children's materials on instruction, assessment, and literacy related issues. She has published in many journals including Literacy Today, Reading Research Quarterly, The Reading Teacher, Elementary School Journal, the Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy. She has conducted many professional trainings addressing topics related to literacy learning and instruction, differentiated learning, purposeful instruction and assessment, the gradual release of instructional responsibility, close reading, classroom collaboration and conversation, balanced literacy, and writing across the curriculum. Her many educational awards include being named the Distinguished Research Lecturer from San Diego State University's Graduate Division of Research where she was granted the title Distinguished Professor of Education. She has been awarded the International Literacy Association's Outstanding Teacher Educator of the Year Award and is a recipient of ILA's John Manning Award for her work in public schools. Dr. Lapp is an elected member of both the California and the International Reading Halls of Fame and is currently the President of the International Reading Hall of Fame. Dr. Lapp is a Distinguished Professor of Education at San Diego State University.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Diane Lapp - Classroom Caffeine ™ Podcast

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Dr. Diane Lapp is known for her research and instruction regarding issues related to the planning and assessment of intentional and equitable instruction and learning, especially for students in low performing schools in urban areas. Diane has authored, co authored and edited numerous articles, columns, blogs, texts, handbooks and children's materials on instruction, assessment, and literacy related issues.

# data[].attributes.body
This materials offers profound insights into infant neuroscience, envisioning a future where understanding child brain development leads to innovative interventions fostering lifelong learning. Efforts to enhance reading comprehension must prioritize speaking and listening skills, creating dynamic learning environments through collaborative conversations, evidence-based strategies, and technology integration. Integrating speaking and listening with traditional reading methods is crucial for comprehensive literacy development, supported by evidence-based instruction. Print awareness lays the foundation for literacy, enriched through guided experiences and interactive reading. Fluency in reading facilitates comprehension and engagement with texts, emphasizing its importance for academic success. Reading comprehension, a multifaceted skill, benefits from active engagement, prior knowledge, and effective strategies. Deliberate vocabulary instruction is vital, ensuring learners develop robust vocabularies essential for success. Writing, a complex process, demands systematic instruction and practice to master mechanics, genre conventions, and audience expectations, emphasizing continuous improvement.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Basics: Vocabulary. Reading Rockets. (n.d.). https://www.readingrockets.org/reading-101/reading-and-writing-basics/vocabulary

2. Chatgpt. (n.d.-a). https://chat.openai.com

# data[].attributes.body
1. Persohn, L. (2022, August 17). Diane Lapp. Classroom Caffeine TM Podcast. https://www.classroomcaffeine.com/guests/diane-lapp

2. Chatgpt. (n.d.-a). https://chat.openai.com

# data[].attributes.body
1. YouTube. (2013, July 10). The linguistic genius of babies - patricia kuhl. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M-ymanHajN8&t=4s

2. Chatgpt. (n.d.-a). https://chat.openai.com

# data[].attributes.body
1. Basics: Phonological and Phonemic Awareness. Reading Rockets. (n.d.-a). https://www.readingrockets.org/reading-101/reading-and-writing-basics/phonological-and-phonemic-awareness

2. Chatgpt. (n.d.-a). https://chat.openai.com

# data[].attributes.body
1. Basics: Phonics and decoding. Reading Rockets. (n.d.-a). https://www.readingrockets.org/reading-101/reading-and-writing-basics/phonics-and-decoding

2. Chatgpt. (n.d.-a). https://chat.openai.com

# data[].attributes.body
1. Basics: Fluency. Reading Rockets. (n.d.-a). https://www.readingrockets.org/reading-101/reading-and-writing-basics/fluency

2. Chatgpt. (n.d.-a). https://chat.openai.com

# data[].attributes.body
1. Basics: Reading comprehension. Reading Rockets. (n.d.-d). https://www.readingrockets.org/reading-101/reading-and-writing-basics/reading-comprehension

2. Chatgpt. (n.d.-a). https://chat.openai.com

# data[].attributes.body
1. Basics: Writing. Reading Rockets. (n.d.-g). https://www.readingrockets.org/reading-101/reading-and-writing-basics/writing

2. Chatgpt. (n.d.-a). https://chat.openai.com