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Irena Stanisława Sendler, (Warsaw, 15 February 1910 – Warsaw, 12 May 2008), was a Polish nurse and social worker, who collaborated with the Resistance (battle name: Jolanta) in occupied Poland during the Second World War. She became known for having saved, together with about twenty other members of the Polish Resistance, approximately 2,500 Jewish children, smuggling them out of the Warsaw ghetto, providing false documents and finding shelter in homes outside the ghetto.

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Angelo De fiore, born in 1895, played a significant role during World War II. After studying and working in law enforcement, he worked in Rome as a deputy police commissioner for 27 years. As the director of the Foreign Office, he covertly assisted Jews facing expulsion due to racial laws. When the war started, he joined the grenadiers but continued his role in the Foreign Office, pretending to collaborate with the occupying Nazis while secretly hindering their activities. He manipulated official documents, providing false ration cards and permits to protect Jewish citizens and anti-fascist suspects. Despite facing warnings and investigations, he managed to evade consequences for his actions.

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That of Giorgio Perlasca is the extraordinary story of a man who, almost alone, in the winter of 1944-1945 in Budapest managed to save thousands of Hungarians of Jewish religion from Nazi extermination by inventing a role, that of Spanish Consul, he who did not he was neither diplomatic nor Spanish

If it hadn't been for some Hungarian Jewish women he saved in that terrible Budapest winter, his story would have been lost. It was these women who, at the end of the 1980s, placed a notice in the newspaper of the Jewish Community of Budapest seeking a Spanish diplomat, Jorge Perlasca, who had saved them and many other co-religionists during those terrible months of Nazi persecution in Budapest. At the end of the search they found an Italian named Giorgio Perlasca.

Fate decided that the story of Giorgio Perlasca should be known and now his name is found in Jerusalem, among the Righteous Among the Nations, and a tree in memory of him is planted on the hills surrounding the Yad Vashem Museum.

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Sugihara Chiune was the first Japanese diplomat posted in Lithuania. He was born on 1st January 1900 in a middle-class family in Japan's Gifu Prefecture. Lithuania was occupied by the Soviet Union in June 1940. Jews from Lithuania came to him with visas for Curacao and Dutch possessions in America so he decided to facilitate their escape from war-torn Europe by giving them visas to transit through Japan. Sughihara left Lithuania in early September 1940 after issuing visas to 2140 people. Their visas also covered other 300 people and most of them were children. In 1944 the Soviets arrested his family and him for three years. In 1947 he returned to Japan and the Foreign Ministry retired him. In 1984, Yad Vashem, the Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority in Israel declared Sugihara "Righteous Among the Nations" and honored him with a ceremony in Jerusalem in January 1986. He died on 31st July 1986.

Funfacts about Chiune Sugihara:

His descendants are called "Sugihara Visas";

He's called "The Japanese Schindler";

He was fluent in Russian.

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Gino Bartali was born on small town south of Florence, on 18 July 1914. His father, Torello Bartali, earned his living by working as a day laborer, while his mother helped support the family by working in the fields and doing embroidery. Gino had two older sisters, Anita and Natalina, and a younger brother, Giulio, who like him had a passion for bicycle racing. Gino began contributing to the family budget at a young age by going to work on a farm and helping his mother with embroidery.
At the age of eleven Gino was forced to get a means of transport to attend middle school, because the closest one was in Florence. Using partly his earnings and partly with the help of his father and sisters, Gino managed to purchase his first bicycle. Bartali began to develop and then refine his skills as a cyclist and runner. In 1931, at the age of 17, he won his first race.
Bartali won the Tour de France in 1938 and 1948 and his legendary climbs in the Alps and Pyrenees earned him the nickname:"Giant of the Mountains".During World War II, Gino risked his own life and that of his family to save the lives of hundreds of Jews. Using race training as cover, he traveled thousands of kilometers between Florence, Luca, Assisi, Genoa and Rome carrying, hidden in the frame of his bicycle, counterfeit identity cards and other documents that should have remained secret.
His efforts helped save hundreds of Jews fleeing other European nations.
For his contribution, in 2013 the Yad Vashem organization awarded Gino Bartali the title of "Righteous Among the Nations".
Gino Bartali was one of the most loved professional cyclists in Italy.

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The Garden of the Righteous among the Nations

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The Garden of the Righteous among the Nations

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The Garden of the Righteous Among the Nations is part of the much larger Yad Vashem complex located on the Mount of Remembrance in Jerusalem. Along with some two dozen different structures within the Yad Vashem memorial – which is the second most-visited destination in the country after the Western Wall – the Garden of the Righteous is meant to honor those non-Jews who during the Holocaust risked their lives to save Jews from extermination by the Nazis.

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Carlo Angela was an Italian doctor. He was the father of the well known scientific popularizer and journalist Piero Angelo who made many science programmes for kids.

In 1899, he graduated in medicine at the University of Turin and then he attended the Neuropsychiatry courses in Paris.

Once he came back to Italy, he wrote an article on Fascism to openly denunce the murder of Giacomo Matteotti. After that, he risked his life when the government set on fire the newspaper office. He escaped to a little town near there and he worked many years in a clinic for mental diseases, "Villa Turina Amione", in San Maurizio Canavese. There, he saved many Jews forging medical cards, diagnosing patients incorrectly and changing names and nationalities. While doing this, he was helped by some of the staff of the hospital, but the Fasci Police suspected on him, also. He risked his life for the second time during a retaliation.

His deeds were never known for 25 years, until 1995, when a writer, Anna Segre, decided to public her father's diary that told about his days during the "Final solution" in Carlo Angela's hospital.

In 2001, based on all those proofs, the Israeli commission decided to give him the "Righteous among the Nations" award, but he had already died. So the Israeli Ambassador gave the award to Carlo Angela's sons. The ceremony took place in the town hospital and a street was named after him.

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Costantino Baratta, a resident of Lampedusa, a builder and a fisherman, played a crucial role during the 3rd October 2013 tragedy, where 368 lives where lost. By chance, he was at sea on his boat early in the morning for fishing ad encountered a staggering number of people in the water. Without hesitation, he, with his companions, worked tirelessly to rescue as many shipwrecked individuals as possible, saving them from certain death. " Some reacted, coughing up water mixer with fuel they had ingested, while others seemed lifeless, but we brought them on the boato anyway, hosting they could be saved".

He rescued 12 people, all eritreans youths with naked bodies covered with fuel, brought them to dry land, welcomed them into his home, and assisted them in the following days

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Giovanni Borromeo (Rome, December 15, 1898 - Rome, August 24, 1961) was an Italian physician. In

2004 Yad Vashem recognized him as a "Righteous Among the Nations" for saving five members of the Almagià and extended family (Clotilde and Gina Almagià, Luciana Tedesco, Claudio Tedesco, Gabriella Ajo).

The army received no precise orders and many of its commanders followed Pietro Badoglio and the King.

Rome fell under German control headed by Herbert Kappler. Prefect Pietro Caruso took on the RSI administration who provided Kappler with infrastructure, manpower and information. Besides the German SS, fascist militia and collaborators were everywhere. The city suffered a severe shortage of food. After the round up of 1,200 Jews on October 16, 1943, during the 9 months of occupation, more than 1,000 Jews were denounced and arrested, and transported to the concentration camp of Fossoli di Carpi and then to Auschwitz.

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Daniel Offer

Nelson Mandela was born on 18 July 1918 in South Africa. In 1940 Mandela and his brother escaped their city to avoid the arranged marriage and they want to the city of Johannesburg. Mandela studied law in the university college of fort here. He was involved in the opposition to the minority South African regime. Which denied political, social and civil rights to the black South African majority. Because of this He was expelled from the academic institution. In 1944 He joined the Central Committee of the ANC Youth League. He was arrested in 1956 and he will be sentenced to life in 1963.

Between the '50 and the '60 He became a member of the South African communist party. Mandela was released on 11 February 1990 on the orders of the South African president. He won the peace prize in 1993. He passed away on 5 December 2013

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Oskar Schindler was born on April 28, 1908 in Moravia, then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. He met Emilie Pelzl in 1928, daughter of a breeder and she became his wife.He was in the service of the Nazis, with whom he collaborated for the annexation of the Sudetenland and the invasion of Poland. Over time, Schindler began to become aware of the dark reality regarding Nazism that he had until then ignored and, taking advantage of his contacts in the high military spheres, he obtained that his workers were not sent to concentration camps He saved more than 1000 Jews from the extermination of the Holocaust during the Second World War and used Jews as necessary workers at his tool factory, D.E.F. (Deutsche Emaillewaren-Fabrik), in via Lipowa n. 4, in the industrial district of Zabłocie, in Krakow.

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Giuseppe Brusasca was born in Gabiano on 30 August 1900.

He was an Italian lawyer. His name is inscribed on Yad Vashem among the righteous among the nations for his action in favour of the Jews during the Holocaust. From 1923 to 1925 he led the popular minority against the fascists in the City Council.

Entitled to the lawyer, in 1926 he moved to Milan where he attended the circles of Catholic anti-fascism. After 8 September he committed himself to the Resistance, founding the autonomous division Patria active in Monferrato. With the help of friendly priests (including Father Giovanni Sisto), he first saves three Jewish families to hide and then to expatriate in Switzerland. For this he will be recognised as fair among nations by the Yad Vashem Institute on 8 July 1969. Finally, he died in Milan on 1 June 1994.