# data[].attributes.body
•How do changes in temperature, rainfall, and urbanisation interact to shape dengue risk?

•What feedback loops exist between vector abundance, human behaviour, and control measures?

# data[].attributes.body
•How do changes in temperature, rainfall, and urbanisation interact to shape dengue risk?

•What feedback loops exist between vector abundance, human behaviour, and control measures?

# data[].attributes.body
Which data would you prioritise to confirm the outbreak’s drivers (entomological, climatic, epidemiological)?

What uncertainties remain between climate models and observed dengue incidence?

# data[].attributes.body
Which data would you prioritise to confirm the outbreak’s drivers (entomological, climatic, epidemiological)?

What uncertainties remain between climate models and observed dengue incidence?

# data[].attributes.body
Which data would you prioritise to confirm the outbreak’s drivers (entomological, climatic, epidemiological)?

What uncertainties remain between climate models and observed dengue incidence?

# data[].attributes.body
How can adaptation measures (vector control, urban planning, community mobilisation) be integrated?

Which interventions are robust under climatic uncertainty?

# data[].attributes.body
How can adaptation measures (vector control, urban planning, community mobilisation) be integrated?

Which interventions are robust under climatic uncertainty?

# data[].attributes.body
How can adaptation measures (vector control, urban planning, community mobilisation) be integrated?

Which interventions are robust under climatic uncertainty?

# data[].attributes.body
Who benefits or loses from specific control measures (fogging, biological control, water management)?

How can interventions be made equitable across socioeconomic strata and geographic regions?

# data[].attributes.body
Who benefits or loses from specific control measures (fogging, biological control, water management)?

How can interventions be made equitable across socioeconomic strata and geographic regions?

# data[].attributes.body
Who benefits or loses from specific control measures (fogging, biological control, water management)?

How can interventions be made equitable across socioeconomic strata and geographic regions?

# data[].attributes.body
•How do changes in temperature, rainfall, and urbanisation interact to shape dengue risk?

•What feedback loops exist between vector abundance, human behaviour, and control measures?

# data[].attributes.headline
Access to informations and interventions

# data[].attributes.subject
Access to informations and interventions

# data[].attributes.body
Not the same if you're leaving on rural or urban area

# data[].attributes.body
Understand the community we are working with (culture, behaviour, power dynamics, etc), and adapt the intervention

Use social media to spread the message, focused on the vector (breading sites, personal protection) and the disease (early symptoms)

# data[].attributes.body
1 takeaway : more precipitation or drought, more stagnant water/reservoir.

1 action : educating people to use larvaecides could be a vector control method that can decrease mosquito abundance (feedback loop)

# data[].attributes.body
Adaptability intervention to the lifestyle of people in both rural and urban areas

# data[].attributes.body
multilayered problem, with challenges and in need of broad approaches

targeted campaign with multiple approaches before the Duenge season.

# data[].attributes.body
Depending on places you leave, the quantity of water storage will not be enough for fish survival

Some people could think to eat the fishes because of lack of food (for groups that are poorer)

# data[].attributes.headline
Robust interventions in times of uncertainty 

# data[].attributes.subject
Robust interventions in times of uncertainty 

# data[].attributes.body
Interventions that involve the local community in all stages, from design to implementation and control. For example, the mobile health app NepaDengue

# data[].attributes.body
Inform people about upcoming weathercondition in the next weeks to know the risk of dengue transmission and how to take preventive measurements.

# data[].attributes.body
Intervention should be feasible to be implemented in high and low altitude areas.

# data[].attributes.body
Increased temperature increases length of rainy season —> movement of people —> urbanization (and deforestation) —> increased temperature. This synergistic interplay leads to increase in dengue risk

Action: climate-resilient health system

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How can adaptation measures be integrated?

# data[].attributes.subject
How can adaptation measures be integrated?

# data[].attributes.body
Water management (reservoirs, avoiding pools, encourage municipal water systems)

Waste disposal system

Improving infrastructure

Encourage community awareness (promoting local clean up campaigns, mosquito awareness, local knowledge, engaging local community leaders)

Try to control urbanisation

Which interventions are robust under climatic uncertainty?

Community awareness

Surveillance, continues monitoring and evaluation

Water management, improving wastewater disposal

Urban planning (developing and maintaining public parks and waters)

# data[].attributes.body
Question 1

Entomological approch:

vector competency (identification of mosquito in the field ; Search and follow the breeding areas, identification of the pathogen ex salivar glands analyse, strains analysis in the field and in patient samples)

Climatic approch

Suit able meteorolical patterns (Is there a link between the spread and the rain season ?

Epidemio approach

identify the previous years pattern ?

identify the presence of an outbreak somewhere ? How it move from place to place ? Identify the déterminant of an disease

Question 2

- Change in vector behaviour, societal behavior and relationship between vector and host.

- Genetic modification of dengue strains -seeing more DENV 3&4 than before

reporting of the cases

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People education is the first step to realizar the dynamic of the problem and to empower intervention

Mass distribution of lid provided containers,

active research regarding acceptability of dengue intervention over specific population

# data[].attributes.body
integrated vector management (remove breeding sited, reduce population and minimise individual exposure)

# data[].attributes.body
The interventions are gonna be more efficient on more educated people beacause they understand it

= So we have to focus on this to make the interventions comprehensibles to all groups

# data[].attributes.body
Question 1:

Climate is an important driver, because it impacts entomological and epidemiological drivers (but important interaction between all of them): important= vector capacity, influencing factors eg temperature rise, more breeding sites (rainfall, urbanization), new areas affected

Question 2:

Multifactorial: e.g. 'optimal' climate environment for the mosquito, but still no outbreak

Interventions can alternate your previous made predictions

Extreme wheater events can both improve or decrease vector habitat

Different ecosystems have different temperature thresholds

Limitations on meteorological and disease data

Other factor affecting the relationship between climate and incidence of dengue, not linear!

# data[].attributes.body
1 . Influence the breeding sites esp in high latitudes , floods , import of disease in non endemic areas , urbanisation could also be pottential vector storage site to look out for .

2 . Raising awareness on vector borne disease measures and controls , the knowledge oh the people, strengthen public health vector surveillance systems, establishing early warning mechanisms for climate sensitive diseases, integrating innovation methods to vector control with the traditional methods.