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Stakeholders Call for Gender Equity in Journalism. (2016, February 22). allAfrica.com. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A443883169/AONE?u=mlin_s_curry&sid=bookmark-AONE&xid=cbe58f2d

Mrs. Bosede Williams criticized gender inequality in journalism, calling for more women in leadership and urging ethical reporting. She advised female journalists to uphold professionalism and avoid career shortcuts. NAWOJ’s Dupe Olaoye-Oshinkolu described journalism as a calling rather than just a job. President Ifeyinwa Omowale emphasized the importance of workshops to enhance women journalists' professional status, announcing plans for nationwide training to empower female media professionals and promote gender equity. This piece is an important source for my paper because it provides proof that there is an inequality of women in the journalism and professionalism world.

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Malmo University Researchers Update Knowledge of Media Studies (Living the liquid life: Gender, precarity, and journalism in the post-#metoo era). (2024, September 26). Politics & Government Week, 146. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A809504181/AONE?u=mlin_s_curry&sid=bookmark-AONE&xid=c786289f

Research from Malmö University highlights persistent gender inequality in journalism despite increasing female representation. During the #MeToo movement, Swedish journalists launched the #Deadline campaign, exposing worsening conditions, particularly for women and young journalists. Temporary contracts and job precarity have disproportionately affected them, institutionalizing insecurity. Through 23 interviews with Swedish journalists, researchers applied a feminist analysis to examine power dynamics in the field. Five years after #MeToo, gender issues have largely faded from professional discourse, yet discrimination and harassment persist, exacerbated by age, class, and labor market position. This article is an important source for my paper because it provides support that this issue is relevant all over the world.

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Malmo University Researchers Update Knowledge of Media Studies (Living the liquid life_ Gender, precarity, and journalism in the post-#metoo era).

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Ruoho, I., & Torkkola, S. (2018). Journalism and Gender: Toward a Multidimensional Approach. NORDICOM Review: Nordic Research on Media and Communication, 39(1), 67+. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nor-2018-0002

This article explores journalism as a gendered institution, challenging the notion that increasing the number of women in the field automatically eliminates sexism. The authors examine how journalism’s history, culture, and social roles shape gender dynamics, making gender an internal part of the profession rather than an external influence. Using research on Finnish journalists, they reveal persistent structural and cultural barriers, particularly in leadership and newsroom practices. Women navigate these challenges by assimilating into male-dominated environments or seeking more inclusive workplaces. The study critiques the binary understanding of gender in journalism and advocates for a multidimensional, intersectional analysis. It highlights how gender conventions, career expectations, and leadership ideals are deeply embedded in the profession. Ultimately, the authors argue that journalism reproduces gendered power structures and calls for ongoing critical engagement with its institutional frameworks to promote greater equity and inclusivity within the field. These findings are an important source for my paper because it provides factual evidence that there are gender barriers in the journalism and broadcasting careers.

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Journalism and Gender_ Toward a Multidimensional Approach.

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Whipple, T. W., & McManamon, M. K. (2002, Summer). Implications of using male and female voices in commercials: an exploratory study. Journal of Advertising, 31(2), 79+. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A90994501/AONE?u=mlin_s_curry&sid=bookmark-AONE&xid=1f8f749c

This study examines the impact of presenter gender in advertising, revealing that for gender-neutral products, presenter sex had no effect. However, for female-gendered products, spokesperson and announcer gender significantly influenced effectiveness, while male-gendered products showed no such impact. Findings challenge traditional advertising practices, questioning the dominance of male voice overs. Male audiences rated ads higher when the spokesperson’s sex matched their own, particularly for women's perfume. Female announcers were more effective when paired with female spokespersons for female-gendered products. The study highlights the need for advertisers to consider gender-image congruence rather than relying on outdated gender norms in commercials. This is an important source for my paper because it provides factual evidence about female and male on air time, and how effective it may be.

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Implications of using male and female voices in commercials_ an exploratory study

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Lack of Opportunities for Women in Journalism

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Lack of Opportunities for Women in Journalism

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Female Journalists Want A Greater Space. (2024). The Professional Medical Journal. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A792827686/AONE?u=mlin_s_curry&sid=bookmark-AONE&xid=f78312b1

Nepal's media history began in 1851 with the launch of Gorkhapatra. Women's participation started in 1951 with Mahila Masik, but media independence was stifled during the Panchayat era (1961-1990). The 1990s saw a boom in private media, encouraging more women to enter journalism. However, patriarchal norms and family responsibilities still hinder women's career advancement. Women are underrepresented in senior roles, with only 18.4% of FNJ members being female. To achieve gender balance, policies promoting equality, career development, and inclusive environments are essential. Gorkhapatra Corporation can lead by offering flexible work arrangements and empowering women journalists. This is an important source for my paper because it shows a real life example and statistics on how journalism is a calling for most women but nearly impossible to succeed in.

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Radmann, A., & Satre, A. (2024). Female Sports Journalists: The More Things Change, the More They Stay the Same. Media and Communication, 12(7), 1+. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/mac.8200

This article examines the challenges faced by female sports journalists in Sweden, focusing on gender-related issues using Yvonne Hirdman's binary gender system and R.W. Connell's concept of hegemonic masculinity. Interviews with 10 female journalists reveal that although conditions have improved, the field remains dominated by male-dominated structures. Women often encounter harassment, including misogynistic and sexual comments, and must employ strategies like limiting engagement or seeking peer support to navigate the industry. Despite progress in female representation, patriarchal barriers persist, with women facing exclusion from top positions. Social media exacerbates sexism, with threats increasing, particularly for those covering male-dominated sports. Gendered expectations remain embedded in the industry, as women often feel compelled to overperform to avoid bias. The study shows that while there are positive changes, structural gender inequalities persist, and leadership in sports media needs to become more inclusive. The research highlights the enduring dominance of hegemonic masculinity, the importance of addressing gendered challenges, and the need for continued progress in creating an equitable environment for female journalists. Generational differences show that younger women face harsher conditions, underscoring the need for structural change to dismantle gendered power dynamics in sports journalism. This source is arguably my most important source for my paper because it strongly supports the fact that even though women are more included, the industry lacks equality and supports harassment.

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Female Sports Journalists_ The More Things Change, the More They Stay the Same.

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Confronting gender bias in Nature's journalism. (2021). Nature, 594(7864), 473+. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-01676-7

A study analyzing 15 years of Nature’s journalism found that men were quoted nearly twice as often as women, with 69% of direct quotes in 2020 coming from men. This represents an improvement from 87% in 2005, but gender disparity remains significant. The study, conducted by researchers using automated software, revealed that Nature's Careers section was the only area where men and women were quoted equally. The analysis also found biases in name origins, with a preference for English-speaking sources over East Asian names. Nature acknowledges these disparities and is working to improve diversity by tracking the gender, career stage, and location of sources. Efforts to increase representation include better data collection and the use of expert databases. While over half of Nature’s journalism team is female, most are based in Western countries, highlighting the need for broader global representation in scientific journalism. These findings are an important source for my paper because it provides stats from specific years that support the idea that men are more valued in the journalism and broadcasting industry.

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Confronting gender bias in Nature's journalism.

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Analysis of science journalism reveals gender and regional disparities in coverage (Updated March 21, 2022). (2022, April 8). Science Letter, 44. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A699207864/AONE?u=mlin_s_curry&sid=bookmark-AONE&xid=0b7f49ef

A study analyzed 22,001 non-research articles published by Nature to examine potential biases in science journalism, particularly regarding gender and name origin. The analysis showed a significant male bias in who was quoted in articles, though gender representation in quotations is improving faster than in authorship within academic publishing. The study also revealed a skew towards Celtic/English names, with an underrepresentation of East Asian names in both quotations and citations, although this disparity was less pronounced in citations. The "Career Features" column in Nature was noted for achieving gender parity. This article is an important source for my paper because it shows that males are more respected and credible than females.

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Analysis of science journalism reveals gender and regional disparities in coverage (Updated March 21, 2022).

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Balzer, H. D. (2003). An Improper Profession: Women, Gender, and Journalism in Late Imperial Russia. Journal of Social History, 37(1), 259+. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A109668496/AONE?u=mlin_s_curry&sid=bookmark-AONE&xid=99e36c4a

The volume edited by Barbara Norton and Jehanne Gheith explores the roles of women in Russian journalism, focusing on their experiences in a profession largely closed to women due to state control over education and licensing. Unlike in America, where professional associations fought for autonomy, Russian professions struggled to limit state influence while accessing its resources. Women were excluded from formal professions but found opportunities in writing and journalism, which were not officially recognized as professions. The book brings together various scholars to examine the diverse contributions of women in this field.Key topics include the evolution of women's journalism, the personal stories of women like Evgeniia Tur and Anna Volkova, and the role of women as both readers and producers of literature. Scholars such as Christine Ruane and Carolyn R. Marks highlight the emergence of Russian women's magazines and the professional skills required for success. While the volume advances our understanding of women journalists, it also underscores the challenge of defining professionalism in Russian journalism, which lacked formal training and ethical norms. The intersection of politics and journalism is a recurring theme, as many women saw journalism as a platform for feminist and radical causes, not just a career. This article is an important source for my paper because it supports the idea that journalism and broadcasting is a calling and passion for many women but not supported in the career aspect.

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An Improper Profession_ Women, Gender, and Journalism in Late Imperial Russia.

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Shapovalova, V. (2024). "She Played All the Pregnant Women!": Russian Disinformation, Symbolic Annihilation, and the Mariupol Hospital Attack. International journal of communication [Online], 18, 3730+. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A812519085/AONE?u=mlin_s_curry&sid=bookmark-AONE&xid=bd051186

This study examines Russian state-aligned media’s disinformation on the March 2022 Mariupol maternity hospital bombing, using Critical Discourse Analysis. It reveals how female victims are erased or misrepresented, while male experts dominate the narrative, reinforcing Russia’s patriarchal ideology. The media frames women as part of a staged hoax, aligning with Putin’s remasculinization project and using disinformation to support state narratives. This analysis critiques the manipulation of visuals and rhetoric in gendered propaganda. This source is valuable for my paper because it supports the idea that women are misrepresented in the media.

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"She Played All the Pregnant Women!"_ Russian Disinformation, Symbolic Annihilation, and the Mariupol Hospital Attack.