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Beliefs, values, and education: religion and culture

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Symbolism: the veil represents the obligatory imposition of religious beliefs and the loss of freedom or identity.

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Juxtaposition: Marjane contrasts her past education with the new political and religious impositions.

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Paradox: Marjane's experiences with the veil shows that instead of it being a symbol of "freedom", it becomes a symbol of oppression, confusion and loss of freedom. An example of this is her mom's experience: while fighting for freedom, she lost it

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Politics, power, and justice:

politics and history

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Metaphor: the bicycle represents the revolution. "When the wheels don't turn, it falls": if people stop pushing for change, it will fall.

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Allusion: references other revolutions. Marjane compares historical revolutions, such as the Russian or French Revolution, to the Iranian Revolution.

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Foreshadowing: Marjane's increasing awareness on political matters, hints at her future rebellion against oppression.

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Culture, identity, and community

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Imagery: Marjane vividly describes her grandfather's torture and experience, as well as the emotional impacts for him. This shows the sacrifices he and others that resisted oppression made.

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Irony: despite admiring her grandfather's suffering, she fails to comprehend the true horror of political persecution by "experimenting" the same suffering with her staying in a bathtub filled with water.

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Contrast: the privilege Marjane and her family have contrast with the suffering of political prisoners.