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The 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution protects citizens' rights and guarantees equal protection under the law.The 14th Amendment was passed to grant citizenship and equal protection under the law to all people in the United States, especially formerly enslaved people.The amendment prohibited former Confederate states from repaying war debts and compensating former slave owners for the emancipation of their enslaved people. it was anti-slavery

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The 13th Amendment to the United States Constitution provides that "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction."The 13th Amendment was caused by the need to abolish slavery after the Emancipation Proclamation did not end the practice entire. (anti-Slavery)

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Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson (1824-1863) is famous for his leadership of Confederate forces during the American Civil War. the cause of Stonewall Jackson was negative on the confederacy because they lost one of their best generals he was pro slavery.

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As Charleston blazed a path towards secession to preserve slavery, construction on a new fort, Fort Sumter, proceeded. The Confederacy fired on the US garrison of Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861 opening the Civil War, which redefined American freedom. The cause of fort sumter was that South Carolina could not tolerate a federal fort blocking an important sea port. The effect of this was that it turned into open conflict

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an effort by abolitionist John Brown, from October 16 to 18, 1859, to initiate a slave revolt in Southern states by taking over the United States arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia hey started the raid on harpers ferry in hopes of a slave rebellion happening, the effect of this was that it electrified the South—already fearful of rebellions of enslaved people—and convinced Southern planters that abolitionists would stop at nothing to eradicate slavery.

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the radical abolitionist John Brown, five of his sons, and three other associates murdered five proslavery men at three different cabins along the banks of Pottawatomie Creek, near present-day Lane, Kansas. they did this because they were responding to a violent attack, the effect of all this is the beginning of the bloodletting of the “Bleeding Kansas” period.

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rapid amount of fortune seekers in California that began after gold was found at Sutter’s Mil. The effect if the gold rush was it significantly impacted California's population, rapidly accelerating its development by bringing a massive influx of people from across the globe, which led to the growth of new towns and cities, boosted the economy, and contributed to California's eventual statehood, while also causing severe environmental damage and violent conflicts with Native Americans due to land disputes and resource exploitation. The federalists liked the gold rush the anti- federalists didn't like because they felt as if it was giving the government too much money.

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in the Mexican American war the United States decisively defeat Mexico, resulting in the acquisition of a vast territory from Mexico including present-day California, Nevada, Utah, New Mexico, Arizona, and parts of Colorado and Wyoming. This happened because America annexation Texas which was still considered apart of mexico The effect of this is that mexico didn't like that so America and Mexico got in a war.